WORLD WAR 1

The First World War was unique in history. In this context, answer the following:

(a) Any three causes that led to the war.

(b) The extent and methods used in this war.

(c) Economic consequences of this war.

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Answer

(a) Three causes that led to the war were as follows-

1. Race for Armaments — Germany had acquired colonies in Africa and a few islands in the
Pacific. In order to protect her colonies Germany began to build a powerful navy. The
Germans dug the Kiel Canal deeper so that battle ships could find shelter in its waters. There
was an arms race and the peculiar feature of such a race is that if one country increases its
armaments, other countries are compelled to do the same. Such a race for armaments could
end only in a war.

2. Division of Europe into two armed camps — In 1879, Germany and Austria-Hungary had
signed a Treaty to help each other in case of enemy attack. Three years later Italy joined the
Pact, which came to be known as the Triple Alliance. As opposed to the Triple Alliance
emerged the Triple Entente comprising Britain, France and Russia in 1907 to control German
expansionism. Thus, Europe was divided into two major camps. The suspicions, fears, rivalry
and enmity between the two camps was a major step towards World War I.

3. Sarajevo Crisis — The immediate cause of the war was the murder of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian at Sarajevo, capital
of Bosnia. The assassination was organised by a secret society called 'Black Hand' or 'Union
of Death' formed by extremist Serbian nationalists.

(b) The First World War was fought in many different areas called fronts.

1. War on the Western Front — The war began when the German armies swept across Belgium
and entered southern France. The French army along with the British army met the German
forces in the Battle of Marne (after the river near which the battle was fought) some 15 miles
from Paris. The European countries made use of the troops recruited from their colonies in
the war.

2. Trench Warfare — The opposing armies dug a series of trenches to defend themselves and to
launch attacks. Living conditions in these trenches were pathetic.

3. War on the Eastern Front — The fighting began with the invasion of Russia by Austria-
Hungary. Germany and Austria succeeded in repulsing the Russian attack and capturing parts
of the Russian empire. They were also successful against Romania, Serbia and Italy. Outside
Europe, Japan occupied German possessions in East Asia, and Britain and France seized most
of the German colonies in Africa.
 4. Policy of Blockade — The war involved total mobilisation of all the resources of the warring
parties with all economic activities subordinated to the needs of the war. It also required that
no goods including food, raw materials and war materials should be allowed to enter the
enemy territory from anywhere.

5. Entry of USA in the War — In 1915, the German U-Boats had sunk a British ship Lusitania.
The Americans were generally sympathetic to Britain, and this incident further roused anti-
German feelings in the USA. On 6 April, 1917, the United States of America declared war on
Germany.

6. Exit of Russia from the War — Another major development that took place in 1917 was the
withdrawal of Russia from the War after the October Revolution.

(c) As a result of the War, the economy of many countries was shattered.

1. The global economic depression of 1929-30 is attributed to this War.

2. It gave rise to many serious social problems.

3. According to some estimates the expenditure on the Allied side was nearly forty-one
thousand million pounds and that on the German side over fifteen thousand million pounds.

With reference to the First World War, answer the following questions:

(a) State any three consequences of the war.

(b) Mention three points under the Treaty of Versailles, which affected Germany.

(c) What were the objectives of the League of Nations? Name the organisation formed in October
1945 with objectives similar to those of the League of Nations.

1ˢᵗ World War

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Answer

(a) Three consequences of the First World war were as follows:

1. Treaty of Versailles was signed between the Allies and Germany on June 28, 1919.

2. Territorial rearrangements — it changed the political map of the world by giving a serious
blow to monarchy and developed democracy in Europe. The treaty not only affected
substantial territorial changes but also reduced the military strength of Germany.

3. The war led to the formation of the League of Nations.

(b) Three points under the Treaty of Versailles, which affected Germany were-

1. The area of the Rhine Valley was to be demilitarised and the German territory west of Rhine
was to be occupied by the Allied Troops for 15 years.
 2. Germany lost Alsace Lorraine to France; Eupen-et-Malmedy to Belgium, Schleswig to
Denmark. Danzig became a Free Port in the Polish territory.

3. Germany ceded parts of her pre-War territory to Denmark, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia
and France.

(c) The objectives of the League of Nations were-

1. All the States of the world were prohibited from entering into any secret treaties and
alliances.

2. The member-States were not supposed to maintain huge armies, warships and destructive
armaments.

3. All States were to respect each other's independence.

4. All States were to refer their mutual disputes, if any, to the League of Nations for a peaceful
settlement.

5. The member-States were to take necessary action as directed by the League against any
State which tried to disturb world peace and order.

6. Apart from political functions, the League of Nations was supposed to promote cultural,
social and economic cooperation among the member-States.

The United Nations was formed in October 1945 with objectives similar to those of the League of
Nations.

Look at the newspaper clipping given on the right and answer the questions that follow:
(a) What was the immediate impact of the incident mentioned in newspaper above? Who
organised the assassination? What was the objectives behind the assassination?

(b) Besides the incident mentioned in the newspaper, state three other reasons that led to a
turning point in the history of the world.

(c) Name the treaty that was designed to prevent Germany from going to war again. State any
three clauses of this treaty.

1ˢᵗ World War

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Answer

(a) The immediate impact of the incident mentioned in newspaper above was beginning of the First
World War.
The assassination was organised by a secret society called 'Black Hand' or 'Union of Death’ formed by
extremist Serbian nationalists whose aim was to unite all Serbians into a single Serbian State. The
political objective behind the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina from Austria-
Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav state.

(b) Three other reasons that led to a turning point in the history of the world were:

1. Nationalism, Aggressive nationalism and Imperialism — In the latter half of the 19th
century, the nationalism turned into extreme pride, which made the people of many
countries believe that their country is superior to the other countries. This led to the
development of aggressive nationalism in Europe. The aggressive nationalism also led to the
rise of imperialism. Imperialism refers to the state policy or practice by which a powerful
 nation establishes its control over another country, either by direct territorial acquisition or
by gaining political and economic control.

2. Race for Armaments — The mad race for armaments which began soon after the Franco-
Prussian War (1870) was one of the reasons which led to the First World War. Every major
power began stockpiling armaments in the name of self-defence and preservation of peace.

3. Division of Europe into Two Hostile Groups — There were two kinds of States in Europe in
the early 20th century. On the one hand there were single Nation-States like France, Holland
and Germany whose national identities were based on their common language and
traditions. On the other, there were imperial States like the Austria-Hungarian Empire and
the Russian Empire. The rivalry happened for colonies, trade and trade routes.

(c) The Treaty of Versailles was designed to prevent Germany from going to war again. The three
clauses of this treaty were:

 The Treaty declared Germany guilty of aggression.

 Germany was required to pay for the loss and damages suffered by the allies during the war.
The amount of reparations was fixed at 33 billion dollars. Germany had to cede her merchant
ships to the allies as compensation and had to supply huge quantities of coal to France Italy
and Belgium for ten years.

 The area of the Rhine Valley was to be demilitarised and the German territory west of Rhine
was to be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years.

WORLD WAR 2
State how each of the following factors were the causes of the Second World War:

(a) The failure of the League of Nations.

(b) The Aggressive Nationalism of Germany.
(c) The Policy of Appeasement.
Population
Answer
(a) The League suffered an early blow when the USA did not join the League. Even those
who joined the League were not interested in the principle of collective security.
1. The League of Nations succeeded in allaying the threat of war in cases where the
parties were small nations.
2. The League did nothing when Poland, with the backing of France, seized a part of
Lithuania in 1920.
3. In 1923, there was a threat of war between Italy and Greece.
4. Italy refused to submit to the League's intervention and the dispute was settled by
direct mediation of Great Britain and France.
 5. Thereafter, in every crisis, the League was either defied or ignored.
6. The authority of the League was flouted by Japan when it seized Manchuria; and by
Italy when it conquered Ethiopia.
7. The coercive machinery of the League was not adequate to perform the task given to
it.
8. The economic sanctions were of no use against a determined aggressor.
9. Moreover, the member states were not willing to apply economic sanctions as it
affected their economy as well.
10. Besides, the League failed to maintain international peace and the countries of
Europe lost faith in its usefulness.
(b) The humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles gave rise to the spirit of revenge and
aggressive nationalism in Germany leading to the Second World War in the following ways:
1. Germany started looking for an opportunity to do away with the harsh treaty. But
this was not possible without an aggressive policy and armaments.
2. In 1938, Hitler annexed Austria and dismembered Czechoslovakia.
3. On September 1, 1939, the German armies marched into Poland.
4. France and Britain gave an ultimatum to Germany.
5. In reply, Germany attacked France.
6. On September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
7. The German armies completed the conquest of Poland in less than three weeks so as
to ensure that no aid reached Poland.
(c) Appeasement meant accepting the hostile demands of an aggressive nation to gain
peace.
1. Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement towards dictatorial countries
like Germany and Italy because they felt that the dictators had a real cause of
grievance due to the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles and if their
grievances were removed they would not disturb world peace.
2. Further, they wanted to check the rising tide of Communism and Russian Bolshevism.
3. Britain and France feared that Germany would divert towards Russian Bolshevism.
4. They, therefore, allowed Germany to rearm and to re-militarise the Rhineland and
capture Austria and Czechoslovakia.
5. So without the Western countries' policy of appeasement, Fascism or Nazism could
not have survived so long and would not have been able to unleash the Second
World War.
 The League of Nations was unable to eliminate power struggles leading to another
World War. In this context describe how the following were connected with the
Second World War:
(a) Japanese invasion of China.
(b) Ideological differences between nations.
(c) Hitler's invasion of Poland.
Population
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Answer
(a) Japanese policy of expansion was one of the causes of the War.
1. Japan's ambitions rose after the First World War.
2. She was determined to dominate the Far East.
3. Japan started an undeclared war against China in 1931.
4. China appealed to the League of Nations to declare sanctions against Japan.
5. Britain and France, the leading members of the League did not pay any attention to
the appeal.
6. Japan joined the Berlin-Rome Axis to form the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis to further its
policy of expansion and conquest.
7. In 1933, Japan left the League of Nations and started occupying the British and
American properties in China.
8. Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement, thinking that the Japanese
could be used to weaken China.
9. Thus, a war was inevitable under these circumstances.
(b) Ideological differences between nations refer to the ideologies of fascism and
nazism in Italy and Germany, respectively. Fascism and Nazism believed in the
following-
1. To have faith in the totalitarian rule.
2. To despise democratic political systems.
3. To uphold One-Party and one leader.
4. To believe in aggressive nationalism and imperialism.
5. To hold that the state is supreme and it could suppress the fundamental rights and
freedoms of individuals.
6. To regard war as an instrument for furthering national interests.
7. To uphold intensely nationalistic, anti-communist and anti-democratic rule.
The ideology of fascism and nazism was extremely aggressive and led to the Second
World War.
(c) Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939 for the following reasons:
1. Germany wanted to regain her lost territories.
2. The city of Danzing was inhabited mainly by the Germans and by occupying Danzing
Corridor, Germany could connect with East Prussia.
3. Germany signed a Non-Aggression Pact with Russia in August 1939, Poland was
accused of committing atrocities against Germans living there.
4. On September 1, 1939, the German armies marched into Poland.
5. France and Britain gave an ultimatum to Germany.
6. In reply, Germany attacked France.
7. On September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
8. The German armies completed the conquest of Poland in less than three weeks so as
to ensure that no aid reached Poland.
9. The invasion of Poland marked the beginning of the Second World War.

With the surrender of Japan, the Second World War was finally over. The war had
far-reaching consequences. Against this background, write short notes on:
(a) Effect of World War II on Japan.
(b) The division of Germany.
(c) Division of the world into two Power Blocs.
Population
Answer
(a) After the defeat of Germany, the Allied powers turned their attention towards
Japan.
1. When Japan refused to surrender, America dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki.
2. Japan offered to surrender on the terms of Potsdam declaration and the war came to
an end.
3. The American army was to occupy Japan until 1952.
 4. After this period, the Japanese would resume sole control over their own affairs.
5. Emperor Hirohito was left on the throne as a constitutional monarch and the
Japanese Parliament retained some of its law making powers.
6. All lands acquired or seized by Japan since 1895 were taken away.
(b) At the end of World War II, Germany was divided into zones, each zone under the
army of each of the Allied Powers.
1. The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) commonly known as West Germany was
administered by UK, France and the U.S. with Bonn as the capital. It came under the
capitalist ideology of the Anglo-American and their Allies and became part of the
Capitalist bloc.
2. The German Democratic Republic (GDR), known as East Germany was administered
by the Soviet Union with East Berlin as the capital. It came under the influence of the
political ideologies of communist Russia and became part of the Communist (or
Eastern) bloc.
(c) Towards the end of the War, the apparent harmony between the USA and the
Soviet Union declined and old suspicion and ideological differences came to the
forefront.
1. Though both the countries did not engage in actual fight against each other, there
was a state of extreme political tension between the two.
2. This state of tension between countries in which each side adopted policies designed
to strengthen itself and weaken the other without armed conflict, is known as the
'Cold War.'
3. The Cold War also involved an arms race involving piling up of nuclear and
conventional weapons, formation of military alliances, economic warfare and trade
embargoes, propaganda and proxy wars, especially those involving superpower
support for opposing sides within civil wars.
4. Thus, the USA and the USSR continued to maintain diplomatic relations and did not
resort to overt clashes, but treated each other with hostility.
5. This led to the division of the world into two power blocs.
6. The Democratic and Capitalist bloc was led by the USA. It was called the Western
bloc or the American bloc and it believed in liberal democracy based on Capitalism.
7. The Communist Bloc was led by the USSR. It was called the Eastern bloc or the Soviet
bloc and it believed in Communism based on Marxist theory.

With reference to the consequences of Second World War, explain the impact on the
following:
(a) The Axis powers.
(b) Origin of the Cold War.
(c) The formation of the UN.
Population
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Answer
(a) The Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) were defeated in the Second World War. In
November 1942, the Allied forces (Britain, France, The Soviet Union and The USA)
recaptured African territories lost by France. This was followed by their victory over Italy and
then Germany.
After the defeat of Germany, the Allied powers turned their attention towards Japan. Japan
had won and had occupied most of South East Asia. The British forces liberated Myanmar,
Malaya, Philippines and Singapore. In the Potsdam Conference held on July 26, 1945, the
Allied Powers asked Japan to surrender but Japan refused. Consequently, America dropped
the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan offered to surrender on the terms of
the Potsdam Declaration and the war came to an end.
After the war, Germany was divided into zones, each zone under the army of each of the
Allied Powers. Japan and Italy also became very weak. Unlike Germany, they were not
divided into zones to be governed by conquering forces. The American army was to occupy
Japan until 1952. All lands acquired and seized by Japan since 1895 were taken away.
(b) Towards the end of the War, the apparent harmony between the USA and the Soviet
Union declined and old suspicion and ideological differences came to the forefront.
1. Though both countries did not engage in the actual fight against each other, there
was a state of extreme political tension between the two.
2. This state of tension between countries in which each side adopted policies designed
to strengthen itself and weaken the other without armed conflict, is known as the
'Cold War.'
3. The Cold War also involved an arms race involving the piling up of nuclear and
conventional weapons, formation of military alliances, economic warfare and trade
embargoes, propaganda and proxy wars, especially those involving superpower
support for opposing sides within civil wars.
4. Thus, the USA and the USSR continued to maintain diplomatic relations and did not
resort to overt clashes, but treated each other with hostility.
5. This led to the division of the world into two power blocs.
(c) The horrors of the two World Wars and the failure of the League of Nations led to a
meeting of the Big Three — Roosevelt (President of the USA), Churchill (Prime Minister of
Britain) and Stalin (Premier of the USSR) at Yalta in February 1945. They resolved to convene
a conference of the representatives of all nations in San Francisco to draw up the 'Charter of
the United Nations.' This led to the establishment of the United Nations Organisation on
October 24, 1945.

Union Parliament
With reference to the powers of the Union Parliament, state the following:
(a) Three of its Legislative Powers.
(b) Three of its Financial Powers.
(c) Four of its Administrative or Executive Powers.
Union Parliament
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Answer
(a) Three legislative powers of the Union Parliament are-
1. Matters in the Union List — The Parliament has exclusive powers to make laws on all
the subjects mentioned in the Union List, including important subjects like Defence,
Banking, Communications, Foreign Affairs, etc.
2. Matters in the Concurrent List — Along with the State Legislative Assemblies, the
Parliament can make laws on the subjects listed in the Concurrent List, for example
education, forests, adoption, succession, trade union. If there is a conflict between
the Union Parliament and the State Legislature on any law in this list, the Union Law
will prevail.
3. Residuary Powers — The Parliament possesses residuary powers. It means that it can
make laws with respect to all those matters which are not mentioned in any of the
three Lists — the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List.
(b) Three financial powers of the Union Parliament are-
1. The Budget — The Parliament passes the Union Budget containing the estimates of
receipts and expenditure of the Government for a financial year. The Railway Budget
was integrated with the Union budget from 2017-18.
2. Supplementary Grants — If the amount authorised for the current financial year is
not sufficient, the Government may make a fresh demand known as the
'Supplementary Grant.'
3. Salaries — The salaries and allowances of MPs and Ministers are determined by
Parliament.
(c) Four executive powers of the Union Parliament are-
 1. Vote of No-Confidence — If a Government acts against the Constitutional provisions,
it can be voted out of office by passing a vote of no-confidence against the Prime
Minister, or the Ministry as a whole or any of its members. In such a case, the whole
Ministry has to resign.
2. Adjournment Motion — Motion for adjournment is aimed at censuring the acts of
omission and commission of the Ministers.
3. Other Motions of Censure — The Parliament exercises its control over the
Government by other motions which, if passed, amount to no-confidence. They
include: motions of censure against a minister, rejection of a Government Bill,
passing of a private member's bill against the wishes of the Government, etc.
4. Monetary Controls — During the budget session a cut motion may be moved.
Parliamentary Committee on Public Accounts ensures that public money is spent in
accordance with Parliament's decision. It examines reports of the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India.

With reference to the composition of the Lok Sabha answer the following questions:
(a) What is the maximum strength fixed by the Constitution? What is the term of the
House? By whom and on whose advice can the Lok Sabha be dissolved?
(b) State any three qualifications needed to contest for the Lok Sabha seat.
(c) Give two reasons to justify how the Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.
Union Parliament
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Answer
(a) The composition of the Lok Sabha
The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha, as provided by the Constitution is 550. Out of this,
1. not more than 530 members shall represent the States
2. not more than 20 members shall represent the Union Territories
The term of the Lok Sabha
1. According to the Constitution the term of the Lok Sabha is five years.
2. However, it can be dissolved before the expiry of its normal term by the President on
the advice of the Prime Minister.
3. During the proclamation of an emergency the period of the Lok Sabha may be
extended by Parliament for one year at a time.
 4. The new Lok Sabha must be elected within six months after the national emergency
is lifted.
(b) Conditions needed for a person to be a member of Lok Sabha are:
1. He should be an Indian citizen.
2. He should be at least 25 years of age.
3. He should have his name in the electoral rolls in some part of the country.
(c) The Lok Sabha has special powers which make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.
These special powers are:
1. Motions of No-confidence against the government can only be introduced and
passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the Prime Minister and the
Council of Ministers resign collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a
motion, and hence no real power over the executive.
2. Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are
sent to the Rajya Sabha, where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days.

With reference to the powers and functions of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha state the
following:
(a) Any three functions to regulate proceedings of the House.
(b) Any three administrative functions.
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha occupies a position of great authority and responsibility.
Give reasons to support this statement.
Answer
(a) Three functions of the Speaker which regulate proceedings of the House are-
1. The Speaker presides over the meetings of the House. All speeches and remarks are
addressed to the Speaker. He allots time for discussion.
2. The Speaker interprets the rules of procedure of the House. His decision in all
parliamentary matters is final.
3. All Bills passed by the House are signed by him before they are sent to the Rajya
Sabha for its consideration or to the President for his assent.
(b) Three administrative functions of the Speaker are-
1. The Speaker receives all petitions and documents in the House.
2. He communicates the decisions of the House to the concerned authorities.
 3. He regulates the admission of visitors and Press correspondents to the galleries of
the House.
(c) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha occupies a position of great authority and responsibility.
1. In the Table of Precedence, he ranks higher than all Cabinet Ministers, other than the
Prime Minister himself.
2. With respect to the discharge of his powers and functions, the speaker is not
answerable to anyone except the House.
3. No court of law can go into the merits of a ruling given by him.

With reference to the powers of the Rajya Sabha, state the following:
(a) Any two of its legislative and one financial power.
(b) Any three of its administrative powers.
(c) (i) Any two of its exclusive (special) powers; (ii) Any two electoral functions.
Union Parliament
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Answer
(a) Two legislative powers of Rajya Sabha are-
1. Except for Money Bills, all bills can be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.
2. None of the bills can become a law unless agreed to by both Houses of the
Parliament. In case of conflict between the two houses of the Parliament, a joint
sitting is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
One financial power of Rajya Sabha is that it can delay a money bill by a maximum of 14
days.
(b) Three administrative powers of Rajya Sabha are-
1. Rajya Sabha can make laws on all the subjects mentioned in the Union and
Concurrent lists.
2. It can punish a person for obstructing the work of the House or showing disrespect to
the House.
3. It can remove the President from office through the procedure of impeachment.
(c) (i) Two exclusive powers of Rajya Sabha are-
1. Though the Parliament cannot, in normal times, make laws on a states subject, the
Constitution states that under Article 249, the Rajya Sabha may, by resolution
adopted by two-thirds majority empower the Parliament should make laws with
 respect to a matter in the State List. The Lok Sabha has no authority to assert itself in
such matters.
2. The other special power enjoyed by the Rajya Sabha is that it may declare that the
creation of new All-India Services be made in the national interest. Thereupon
Parliament may create new services.
(c) (ii) Two electoral functions of Rajya Sabha are-
1. The Vice-President of India is elected by both the Houses of the Parliament.
2. Rajya Sabha elects its Deputy Chairman from among its members.

With reference to the differences in the powers of two Houses answer the following
questions:
(a) Compare and contrast the elections to both the Houses.
(b) What is the procedure that should be followed if there is a deadlock between the two
Houses of the Parliament on a non-money bill?
(c) What is the difference between a money bill and a non-money bill?
Union Parliament
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Answer
(a)Comparison between the elections to both the Houses is listed below:
Election of members to Lok Sabha
1. The Lok Sabha is the House of the People.
2. The 550 members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people of India.
3. The allotment of members to the various States is made on the population basis.
Election of members to Rajya Sabha
1. The maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha can be 250 members.
2. 12 members are nominated by the President from among persons having special
knowledge or practical experience in matters such as literature, science, art and
social service.
3. The representatives of each State in the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected
members of the Legislative Assembly of each State in accordance with the system of
proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.
4. The representatives of the Union Territories are chosen in such a manner as
Parliament may prescribe.
 5. The three representatives from Delhi are elected by the members of the Legislative
Assembly.
(b) Ordinary Bills may originate in either House of the Parliament.
1. If there is disagreement between the two Houses, the bill is referred to a joint-sitting
of both the Houses.
2. In such cases both the Houses are placed on an equal footing.
3. However, the Rajya Sabha is in a weaker position, since the total membership of
Rajya Sabha is less than even half of the total strength of the Lok Sabha.
4. Besides, the joint session is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
(c) The differences between a money bill and a non-money bill are as follows:

Non-money bill Money Bill

It can be introduced in either Lok Sabha or

It can be introduced only in Lok Sabha.
Rajya Sabha.

Ordinary Bill can be introduced without the Money Bill can be introduced only on
recommendation of the President. the recommendation of the President.

Either a Minister or private member can Only a Minister is allowed to introduce

introduce ordinary bill. Money Bill in the Parliament.

If the Ordinary Bill originated in the Lok

Money Bill requires the certification of
Sabha, then it does not require the approval
the Lok Sabha Speaker when
of the speaker when transmitted to Rajya
transmitted to Rajya Sabha.
Sabha.

The Money Bill can be detained for a

The Rajya Sabha has the power to detain the
maximum period of 14 days only by
Ordinary Bill for a period of 6 months.
the Rajya Sabha.

Ordinary Bill can be returned for Money Bill cannot be returned for
reconsideration, accepted or rejected by the reconsideration by the President. The
President. President can only accept or reject it.
Non-money bill Money Bill

In case of Money Bill, if there is a

In case of deadlock on Ordinary Bill there is a
deadlock, there is no provision of a
provision of a joint sitting.
joint sitting.