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Java Core Strength Builder

The document outlines key concepts in Java, including how Java runs on the JVM, the memory model distinguishing stack and heap, and core OOP principles. It also covers collections, exception handling, multithreading basics, and the use of lambdas and streams. Additionally, it presents two project ideas: a Task Manager and a Mini Banking System, detailing their requirements and functionalities.

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Ganesh Gani
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9 views3 pages

Java Core Strength Builder

The document outlines key concepts in Java, including how Java runs on the JVM, the memory model distinguishing stack and heap, and core OOP principles. It also covers collections, exception handling, multithreading basics, and the use of lambdas and streams. Additionally, it presents two project ideas: a Task Manager and a Mini Banking System, detailing their requirements and functionalities.

Uploaded by

Ganesh Gani
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

JAVA CORE STRENGTH BUILDER

1. How Java Actually Runs

• Java source (.java) is compiled into bytecode (.class).

• Bytecode runs on JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

• JDK = Development tools. JRE = Runtime environment.

• Platform independence comes from JVM abstraction.

2. Memory Model (Stack vs Heap)

• Stack stores method calls and local variables.

• Heap stores objects and instance data.

• Each thread has its own stack.

• Garbage Collector cleans unused heap objects.

Example:
Person p = new Person();

Stack: reference 'p'


Heap: actual Person object

3. OOP – Real Understanding

• Encapsulation protects internal state.

• Abstraction hides implementation details.

• Inheritance models IS-A relationship.

• Polymorphism enables runtime method selection.

class Animal {
void speak() {}
}

class Dog extends Animal {


void speak() { [Link]("Bark"); }
}

4. Collections Internals

• ArrayList uses dynamic array resizing.


• HashMap stores data in buckets.

• Collision handled via chaining (LinkedList/Tree).

• equals() and hashCode() must follow contract.

HashMap flow:
1. Calculate hash
2. Find bucket index
3. Compare keys using equals()

5. Exception Philosophy

• Checked exceptions must be handled.

• Unchecked are runtime errors.

• Use custom exceptions for domain clarity.

• Avoid swallowing exceptions.

6. Multithreading Basics

• Thread lifecycle: New → Runnable → Running → Blocked → Terminated.

• Race condition occurs when threads modify shared state.

• Use synchronized to control access.

• Use ExecutorService for thread management.

synchronized void increment() {


count++;
}

7. Lambdas and Streams

• Functional interface has one abstract method.

• Streams process data declaratively.

• map(), filter(), reduce() are core operations.

• Streams are not data structures.

[Link]()
.filter(x -> x > 10)
.map(x -> x * 2)
.toList();

8. Thinking in DSA
• Understand time complexity (Big-O).

• Prefer HashMap for O(1) lookups.

• Understand tradeoffs: Array vs LinkedList.

• Solve problems by breaking into smaller parts.

Project 1 – Task Manager (Console Based)

• Create Task class (id, title, status).

• Store tasks in ArrayList.

• Implement add, delete, update, search.

• Persist data using file handling.

• Add basic multi-thread logging.

Project 2 – Mini Banking System

• Create Account class (balance, id).

• Implement deposit and withdraw methods.

• Use exception handling for insufficient funds.

• Use HashMap to store accounts.

• Add thread-safe transactions.

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