STRANGULATION cl

1.A
. t sphyxial death caused by con h: C
. f m of v1olen a s,11cu z.
DEFINITION- It 1s a or eans without suspension of th ~l _C
. b any other m ebll(! 3
the neck by ligature or Y . . f ce is other than the weight of .. ) A. C
• the constricting or V1ctill\\ IJ
In strangulation . f ternal force (exogenous force) s h ~. \
· plication o ex Uc ~ .,
body. There 15 ap belt stick etc. _f
k b hands rope, , 6
compression of nee Y '
TYPES-
pO
1. Ligature strangulation .
2. Manual strangulation or throttling 1. l

3. Mugging
4. Bansdola
5. Garroting
l. Ligature strangulation:- When ligature material is used to compresstt,
neck and usually multiple rounds are given and no knot is tied.
2. Manual strangulation or throttling:- When human fingers, palms ~
hands are used to compress the neck.
3. Mugging:- It is compression of neck caused by elbow or knee o! th
assailant. It is an attack, usually from behind and may leave no extem~cr
internal injury mark.
4. Bansdola:- It is compression of neck by bamboo or stick is placed acr~
the back of the neck and another across the front. Both the ends aretied 1~:
a rope due to which the victim is squeezed to death. When a foot or knet•
placed across the front of throat and pressed while the victim is lyin~~
ground, same condition will follow. If a stick or foot is used, abruise is¢'
in the center, across the trachea corresponding to the width of theobf
used.
· 1s
5.. Garroting·-· Strangu1ation . caused by compression of the neek ~J
bgatur hi h · ·
e w c is qmckly tightened from behind.

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 so fD EA TH
[Link] .
1 J\SPhyx1a .
. bral hy po xi a.
2. cere
bral co ng es tio n
cere ng es tio n
3
· bin ed - as ph yx ia an d ve no us co
[Link]
Vagal inh ibi tio n
ve rte br ae
:: Fracture dislocation of cervical

POSTMORTEM APPEARANCES-
1. Ligature ma rk -
be lo w thy ro id, ho riz on tal , co mp let e an d continuous.
► It is pr es en t ori
of lig atu re m ay be pr es en t abrasion, contusion or
In su rfa ce
laceration.
ve us ed fo r str an gu lat ion (th rottling), so marks of
► If the ha nd s ha
ll be se en on th e ne ck . In jur y du e to thu mb are seen better
fingers wi
as co mp are d to fin ge rs.
riz on tal in ju ry ma rk be low thy ro id associated wi th
► In ba ns do la, ho
ab ras ion or co ntu sio n.
ap ed lig atu re ma rk pr es en t on an ter ior pa rt of neck.
► In ga rro tin g, U sh
2· Cyanosis of face
3· Pupils dil ate d
4· Hands are cle nc he d.
S. lncontinence of [Link] an d fae ce s.
6-Tongu · bla ck an d sw oll en .
e Js pr ot ru de d ou t, bit ten ,
7-Lung
s are co ng es ted .
8. Lary e co ng est ed .
p nx, tra ch ea, br ain , all in ter na l vis ce ra ar
9
· rank hie ct·ing fro m no se , mo ut h an d ea rs .
IO R e
. espirato th .
ry pa ssa ge s co nta in bl oo dy fro

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•131
MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE-
1} Homicidal strangulation is more common than accidental strangulatillr\ r
committed with any method but ligature strangulation and throttling a!i I
[Link] common. I
2) Suicidal strangulation is a rare phenomenon and occurs in insane.
2) Accidental strangulation may occur if some material like scarf, dupa~
saree, machine belt etc. is suddenly wrapped around the neck anJ
constricting the neck causing death. The strangulation may be mi5laken '
. . .sh between
with hanging or vice versa. It is important to d 1stingu1
strangulation and hanging.
 V

Table .. Difference between hanging and strangulation

Features Hanging Strangulation
Manner Usually suicidal Usually homicidal
Saliva Dribbling from mouth No such dribbling
over chin or chest
Ligature mark Oblique, incomplete, Horizontal, complete,
usually above the level continuous, usually at
of thyroid cartilage or below the level ol
thyroid cartilage
Tissue underneath Dry, pale, hard and Bruised
mark glistening
Neck Stretched and Not so
elongated
Larynx and trachea Injury/fracture rare Injury/fracture more
common
th or
Bleeding Bleeding From nose, From nose, mou
mouth or ear is less ear is common
common
,.

Knot Usually present Absent

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 of ligat ure Sho w petechial Frank bleeding present
mark hem orrh ages
Ligature mark Usu ally single Multiple
End ogen ous force Exogenous force (it is
(force of compression outside force applied)
is the weig ht of body)
Suspension of bod y Pres ent Absent
Mild Severe
Tongue Usu ally insid~ Protruded
tilting
Tilting of head Hea d tilte d oppo site to No such
kno t
acture Common
of hyo id Unc omm on
e and
Cyanosed
Usu ally pale
congested
 P le Pe ct
(D s.:1

a•
5c.:iGlctt !I I
 Congested and
oyanosed face
~~ Sub-conjunctiva!
hemorrhage

'\---....- Tardieu's
Earand ~~~~ spats,
nose bleed
Protrud'ed tongue
Naill marks ..........,~fii-r,
R1a•-~.ii1------ Horizontal ligature
m,ark