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Alpha Numeric Codes Notes

The document discusses alphanumeric codes used in digital electronics to represent characters in binary form, emphasizing the necessity for unique binary codes for accurate communication and data storage. It details various coding systems including ASCII, Extended ASCII, and EBCDIC, providing examples of character representations. Applications of these codes are highlighted, such as in keyboard input and memory storage.

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18 views3 pages

Alpha Numeric Codes Notes

The document discusses alphanumeric codes used in digital electronics to represent characters in binary form, emphasizing the necessity for unique binary codes for accurate communication and data storage. It details various coding systems including ASCII, Extended ASCII, and EBCDIC, providing examples of character representations. Applications of these codes are highlighted, such as in keyboard input and memory storage.

Uploaded by

neelakhiug24
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name : Neelakhi Borgohain

Scholar ID : 2413137

Subject : Digital electronics

Alphanumeric Codes (Digital


Electronics)
1.​ Introduction
Alphanumeric codes are digital codes used to represent letters (A–Z, a–z), numbers (0–9), and
special symbols in binary form.
Digital systems operate only in binary (0 and 1), so every character must be converted into
binary for processing and storage.

2.​Need for Alphanumeric Codes


Computers understand only binary values.
Each character must have a unique binary code.
Standard coding ensures correct communication.
Used in data transmission and storage.
Example:
When we type A, the computer does not understand “A” directly.
It understands its binary code.

3.​ ASCII Code


Full Form: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII is a 7-bit code.
Number of characters = 2⁷ = 128
It includes:
Uppercase letters
Lowercase letters
Numbers
Special symbols
Control characters
Examples:
A = 65 = 1000001
B = 66 = 1000010
a = 97 = 1100001
0 = 48 = 0110000
1 = 49 = 0110001
Special symbols:
@ = 64 = 1000000
= 35 = 0100011
Control characters:
Enter = 13
Space = 32
Example 1:
Word “CAT”
C = 67 = 1000011
A = 65 = 1000001
T = 84 = 1010100
Example 2:
Number “25”
2 = 50 = 0110010
5 = 53 = 0110101
Important Point:
The difference between ‘A’ (65) and ‘a’ (97) is 32.

4.​Extended ASCII
Extended ASCII uses 8 bits.
Number of characters = 2⁸ = 256
It includes additional characters like:
Foreign letters
Currency symbols
Mathematical symbols
Example:
© = 169
£ = 163
Binary form (8-bit representation example):
A = 01000001

5.​ EBCDIC Code


Full Form: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Developed by IBM.
It is an 8-bit code with 256 characters.
Used mainly in IBM mainframe systems.
Example:
In ASCII:
A = 65
In EBCDIC:
A = 193
So both codes represent the same character differently.

6.​ Practical Working Example


Suppose we type:
“HI”
H = 72 = 1001000
I = 73 = 1001001
Computer stores it as:
1001000 1001001

7. Applications
Keyboard input
Printers
Communication systems
Memory storage
Microcontrollers
Example:
When we press the key “1”, the keyboard sends ASCII code 49 to the CPU.

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