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Chapter 7

Chapter 7 discusses the concept of motion, defining it as the change of position over time and differentiating between distance and displacement. It covers types of motion, including uniform and non-uniform motion, as well as the measurement of speed and velocity, and introduces acceleration and its graphical representation. The chapter concludes with equations of motion for uniform acceleration and the concept of uniform circular motion.

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Vanya Sharma
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5 views4 pages

Chapter 7

Chapter 7 discusses the concept of motion, defining it as the change of position over time and differentiating between distance and displacement. It covers types of motion, including uniform and non-uniform motion, as well as the measurement of speed and velocity, and introduces acceleration and its graphical representation. The chapter concludes with equations of motion for uniform acceleration and the concept of uniform circular motion.

Uploaded by

Vanya Sharma
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 7: Motion

🌍 7.1 Describing Motion


 Motion: An object is in motion if it changes position over time.
 Reference Point: Needed to describe position (e.g. a school is 2 km north
of the railway station).
 Motion can be linear, circular, rotational, or vibrational.

🌿 Motion Along a Straight Line

 Distance: Total path length covered.


 Displacement: Shortest distance from initial to final position (can be
zero or negative).

Example:

 Object moves O → A (60 km), A → B (25 km back).


 Distance = 85 km, Displacement = 35 km.

⏱ 7.1.2 Uniform & Non-Uniform Motion


 Uniform Motion: Equal distance in equal intervals of time.
 Non-Uniform Motion: Unequal distance in equal intervals (e.g. car in
traffic).

📊 7.2 Measuring Rate of Motion


 Speed = Distance / Time (unit: m/s)
 Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time

Example:

Object travels 16 m in 4 s and 16 m in 2 s.


Average speed = 32 m / 6 s = 5.33 m/s
🚗 7.2.1 Speed with Direction = Velocity
 Velocity: Speed in a specific direction.
 Average Velocity = (Initial velocity + Final velocity)/2 (when
acceleration is uniform)
 Speed and velocity have same unit (m/s).

↘️7.3 Rate of Change of Velocity


 Acceleration = (Change in velocity) / Time taken
o Formula: a = (v – u)/t
o SI unit: m/s²

Uniform Acceleration:

 Velocity increases/decreases equally over time.


 Example: Free fall

Non-Uniform Acceleration:

 Unequal change in velocity per second

📈 7.4 Graphical Representation of Motion


7.4.1 Distance-Time Graph

 Uniform Motion: Straight line graph


 Non-uniform Motion: Curved line

7.4.2 Velocity-Time Graph

 Uniform Velocity: Horizontal straight line


 Uniform Acceleration: Slanting straight line
 Distance = Area under the graph

✎ 7.5 Equations of Motion (For Uniform


Acceleration)
1. v = u + at
2. s = ut + 1/2 at²
3. v² = u² + 2as

Where:

 u = initial velocity
 v = final velocity
 a = acceleration
 s = distance
 t = time

Example:

Train starts from rest, reaches 72 km/h (20 m/s) in 5 mins (300s):

 a = (20 - 0)/300 = 1/15 m/s²


 s = (20²)/(2 × 1/15) = 3000 m = 3 km

◯ 7.6 Uniform Circular Motion


 Speed is constant, direction changes.
 Object is in acceleration due to changing direction.

Formula:

Speed v = (2πr) / t

 r = radius of circle
 t = time taken for 1 round

Examples:

 Moon orbiting Earth


 Stone tied to string and whirled

🎓 Summary
 Motion = Change of position with time
 Displacement can be zero even if distance > 0
 Speed is scalar, velocity is vector
 Acceleration is change in velocity/time
 Circular motion = Accelerated motion with constant speed
 Use graphs and equations to describe motion

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