SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur
Practice sheets on
Ordinary Differential Equations
Prepared by- Dr. Z. Hassan Subject: Engineering Mathematics-II
Practice sheets
1. Choose the correct option for the following differential equations:
(a) The solution of y 2 − x y ′ = 0 with initial value y(1) = 1 is given by
1
(i) y(x) = 1−ln x
y(x) = 1−21ln x y(x) = 1+ln 1
x
y(x) = 1+21ln x
(b) The solution of y ′ + (sinx) y = 0 with initial value y(π/2) = 1 is given by
(i) y(x) = esin x (ii) y(x) = ecos x (iii) y(x) = e1−sin x (iv) y(x) = e1−cos x .
(c) The solution of x2 y ′ = 1 − 2xy with initial value y(1) = 2 is given by
2 2
(i) y(x) = 1+x
x
(ii) y(x) = 1+x
x2
(iii) y(x) = 1+x
x
(iv) y(x) = 1+x
x2
.
(d) The solution
of y′ + λy = a with
initialvalue y(0) = 0 and λ > 0 is given by
(i) y = a 1 − e λx
(ii) y = a 1 − e−λx (iii) y = λa 1 − eλx (iv) y = λa 1 − e−λx .
2. The velocity of a particle v ms−1 at time t second satisfies the differential equation
dv
= v + t, t > 0
t
dt
Given that when t = 0, the velocity v = 8, then show that, when t = 8, the velocity
v = 16(2 + ln 2).
3. Check the exactness of the DE. If exact, then solve it.
(a) (x + 2y − 2) dx + (2x − y + 3) dy = 0.
(b) (x2 − ay) dx = (ax − y 2 ) dy.
(c) (x2 + y 2 + a2 ) y dy + (x2 + y 2 − a2 ) x dx = 0.
(d) (ey + 1) cos x dx + ey sin x dy = 0.
(e) x(x2 + 3y 2 ) dx + y(y 2 + 3x2 ) dy = 0.
(f) (a2 − 2xy − y 2 ) dx − (x + y)2 dy = 0.
(g) (3x2 + 6xy 2 ) dx + (6x2 y + 4y 3 ) dy = 0.
(h) (x4 − 2xy 2 + y 4 ) dx − (2x2 y − 4xy 2 + sin y) dy = 0.
(i) (3x2 + 4xy) dx + (2x2 + 2y) dy = 0.
4. Solve the following differential equations (from the topics of Linear DE and Bernoulli’s)
dy 2x 1
(a) dx
+ 1+x2
y = (1+x2 )2
with y(1) = 0.
dy
(b) (1 + x2 ) dx + 2xy = cos x
dy
(c) dx
+ ( x1 ) tan y = ( x12 ) tan y sin y
dy
(d) sin y dx = cos y(1 − x cos y)
dy
(e) x3 dx − x2 y + y 4 cos x = 0
(f) y(2xy + ex ) dx − ex dy = 0
5.
dy
sin x
= sin x sin 2x + y cos x.
dx
Given that y = 3/2 at x = π/6, find the exact value of y at x = π/4.
6.
dy 1
+ 2y = 9x(x3 + 1) 2
x
dx
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with y = 2 at x = 2. Show that the solution of the above differential equation is
3
y = x22 (x3 + 1) 2
7. Find the general solutions following differential equations:
[Hint: (a) − (d): Solvable for p; (e) − (i): Solvable for x; (j) − (n): Solvable for y; and
(o) − (v): Clairut’s form]
(a) p2 − x5 = 0
(b) 4p2 x(x − 1)(x − 2) = (3x2 − 6x + 2)2
(c) xp2 = (x − a)2
(d) p(p + x) = y(x + y)
(e) p3 − 4xyp + 8y 2 = 0
(f) x = y + a log p
(g) x = py + p2
(h) x (1 + p2 ) = 1
(i) y = 3 px + 6p2 y 2
(j) y = 2 px + tan−1 (xp2 )
(k) p3 + p = ey
(l) x + py = p3
1
(m) y = a(1 + p2 ) 2
(n) xp2 − 2yp + ax = 0
(o) p = tan(px − y)
(p) (y − px)2 (1 + p2 ) = a2 p2
(q) (x2 − 1)p2 − 2xyp + y 2 = 1
(r) (px − y)(x − yp) = 2p [Use the transformation x2 = u and y 2 = v]
1
(s) y 2 (y − px) = x4 p2 [Use the transformation x = u
and y = v1 ]
(t) yp2 − 2px + y = 0 [Use the transformation y 2 = v]
(u) y = 2px + f (xp2 ) [Use the transformation x = u2 ]
(v) y = 2px + tan−1 (xp2 ) [Use the transformation x = u2 ]
8. Solve the following differential equations (from the topic of Higher order DEs with
constant coefficients)
d2 y dy
(a) dx2
+ 2 dx + 5y = 0
(b) (D4 − 2D3 + 5D2 − 8D + 4)y = 0
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(c) (D3 − 1)y = 100
(d) D2 (D + 1)2 (D2 + D + 1)2 y = ex
(e) (D3 − D)y = 2 cosh x [Hint: P.I. form, X = eax ]
(f) (D2 + 2D + 1)y = cos2 x [Hint: P.I. form, X = cos ax ]
2
(g) (D + 9)y = sin 3x + sin x [Hint: P.I. form, X = sin ax ]
2 3
(h) (D + 4)y = 3x + x + 1 [Hint: P.I. form, X = xm ]
(i) (D2 − 4D + 4)y = x2 e2x sin 2x
dy
(j) (D2 − 3D + 2)y = 4x + e3x , given y = 1, dx
= −1 when x = 0.
9. Solve the following differential equations (from the topic of Cauchy’s Linear Differen-
tial Equation)
2
d y dy x3
(a) x2 dx 2 + x dx − y = 1+x2
d y 2 dy
(b) x2 dx 2 + 4x dx + 2y = e
x
10. Solve the following differential equations using the method of variation of parameters
d2 y
(a) dx2
+ y = x sin x
(b) (D2 + 4)y = 4 tan 2x
(c) (D2 − 1)y = e−2x sin e−x
11. Solve the following system of equations (from the topic of simultaneous differential
equations)
dx dy
(a) dt
− 7x + y = 0, dt
− 2x − 5y = 0
(b) (D + 1)x + (2D + 1)y = et , (D − 1)x + (D + 1)y = 1
12. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of
(a) The semi-cubical parabolas ay 2 = x3 , where a is parameter.
(b) The circle x2 + y 2 + 2f y + 1 = 0, where f is a parameter.
x2 y2
(c) The curve a2
+ (b2 +λ)
= 1, where λ being the parameter.
13. Solve the following questions:
(a) The initial population of bacteria is 500, and after 4 hours, it becomes 2000. Then,
find
(i) The growth constant.
(ii) The population of bacteria after 8 hours.
(ii) The time required for the population is double.
(b) A sample of radium initially has a mass of 50 g. After 8 days, only 35 g remains.
Then, find
(i) The decay constant
(ii) The half-life of radium. (Hint: formula for half-life, t1/2 = 0.693
k
, where k is the
proportionality constant.
(c) A metal object is heated to 200◦ C and placed in a room at 30◦ C. After 10 minutes,
its temperature is 150◦ C. How long will it take for the object to cool to 50◦ C?
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(d) If a hot object at 120◦ C is placed in a surrounding at 20◦ C and cools to 80◦ C in 5
minutes, determine the cooling constant.
Best wishes
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