NAME OF THE LOCATION HORMONE /S FUNCTION/S OVER SECRETION/ DEFICIENC

GLAND RELEASED DISORDER

HYPOTHALAMUS In the brain 1. Gonadotrophin [Link] the

releasing pituitary
hormone synthesis and
2. somatostatin release of
gonadotrophins.
2. Inhibits the
release of
growth hormone
from the
pituitary.

PINEAL GLAND Center of the Melatonin It plays an

brain important role in
the regulation of
a 24-hour
(diurnal) rhythm
of our body.

PITUITARY Bony cavity Growth hormone, Prolactin Over-secretion of GH stimulates

GLAND prolactin, thyroid regulates the abnormal growth of the body lead
stimulation growth of the to gigantism and low secretion o
hormone, mammary GH results in stunted growth
adrenocorticotrop glands and resulting in pituitary dwarfism
ic hormone, formation of milk
Luteinizing in them . Excess secretion of growth hormo
hormone, follicle TSH stimulate in adults especially in middle age
stimulating the synthesis can result in severe disfiguremen
hormone and secretion of (especially of the face) called
MSH steroid hormone Acromegaly,
Oxytocin
Vasopressin FSH stimulates An impairment affecting synthesis
also called as growth and release of ADH results in a
anti-diuretic development of diminished ability of the kidney to
hormone (ADH). the ovarian conserve water leading to water l
follicles in and dehydration. This condition is
females. known as Diabetes Insipidus.

MSH acts on the

melanocytes
(melanin
containing cells)
and regulates
pigmentation of
the skin.

Oxytocin acts
 on the smooth
muscles of our
body and
stimulates their
contraction. In
females, it
stimulates a
vigorous
contraction of
uterus at the
time of child
birth, and milk
ejection from the
mammary gland

Vasopressin
acts mainly at
the kidney and
stimulates
resorption of
water and
electrolytes by
the distal
tubules and
thereby reduces
loss of water
through urine
(diuresis).
Hence, it is also
called as anti-
diuretic
hormone
(ADH).

THYROID Trachea 1. Thyroxine T3 and T4 play Iodine is essential for the normal
(T4) important role in of hormone synthesis in the thyro
2. Triiodothy regulation of Deficiency of iodine in our diet
ronine basal metabolic results in hypothyroidism and
(T3) rate, support the enlargement of the thyroid gland,
3. Thyrocalc process of RBC commonly called goitre.
itonin formation, Hypothyroidism during pregnancy
(TCT) control the causes defective development an
metabolism of maturation of the growing baby
carbohydrates, leading to stunted growth
proteins and (cretinism), mental retardation, lo
fats, maintain intelligence quotient, abnormal sk
water and deaf-mutism, etc
electrolyte If the rate of synthesis and secret
balance. of the thyroid hormones is increas
 to abnormal high levels leading to
TCT regulates condition called hyperthyroidism
the blood which adversely affects the body
calcium levels physiology.
Exopthalmic goitre is a form of
hyperthyroidism, characterised by
enlargement of the thyroid gland,
protrusion of the eyeballs, increas
basal metabolic rate, and weight
loss, also called Graves’ disease

PARATHYROID Back side of Parathyroid Increases Ca2+

thyroid gland Hormone (PTH) levels in the
blood and Brittle bones
stimulates the
process of bone
resorption,
Ca2+ absorption
from renal
tubules and
digested food.

THYMUS Located Thymosin It plays a major Thymus is degenerated in old

between lungs role in the individuals resulting in a decrease
behind differentiation of production of thymosins. As a res
sternum on T-lymphocytes, the immune responses of old
the ventral which provide persons become weak.
side of aorta cell-mediated
immunity.

PANCREAS Behind the Glucagon and [Link]

stomach insulin glycogenolysis Insulin acts mainly on hepatocyte
resulting in an and adipocytes (cells of adipose
increased blood tissue), and enhances cellular
sugar glucose uptake and utilisation. As
(hyperglycemia) result, there is a rapid movement
2. Insulin is a glucose from blood to hepatocyte
peptide and adipocytes resulting in
hormone, which decreased blood glucose levels
plays a major (hypoglycemia)
role in the
regulation of Glucagon is a peptide hormone, a
glucose plays an important role in
homeostasis. maintaining the normal blood
glucose levels. Glucagon acts ma
on the liver cells (hepatocytes) an
stimulates glycogenolysis resultin
an increased blood sugar
 (hyperglycemia).

Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to

complex disorder called diabetes
mellitus

ADRENAL Top of both Adrenaline and Increase Underproduction of hormones by

GLANDS the kidneys noradrenaline alertness, adrenal cortex alters carbohydrat
pupillary metabolism causing acute weakn
The adrenal dilation, and fatigue leading to a disease
cortex secretes piloerection, called Addison’s disease.
many hormones, sweating,
commonly called increase
as corticoids. heartbeat, heart
The corticoids, contraction, rate
which are of respiration.
involved in Glucocorticoids
carbohydrate stimulate
metabolism are gluconeogenesi
called s, lipolysis and
glucocorticoids. proteolysis; and
Corticoids, which inhibit cellular
regulate the uptake and
balance of water utilisation of
and electrolytes amino acids.
in our body are
called
mineralocorticoi
ds

TESTES (IN Inside the Androgens Testis performs

MALES) scrotum dual functions
as a primary sex
organ as well as
an endrocrine
gland.
The corticoids,
which are
involved in
carbohydrate
metabolism are
called
glucocorticoids.
Corticoids,
which regulate
the balance of
water and
electrolytes in
our body are
 called
mineralocorticoi
ds

OVARIES (IN Upper right Estrogen and Stimulation of

FEMALES) and left of the progesterone growth and
uterus activities of
female
secondary sex
organs,
development of
growing ovarian
follicles,
appearance of
female
secondary sex
characters,
mammary
glands
development.
Also regulates
female sexual
behavior.