CHAPTER -1 COMPUTER HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What is the main circuit board that connects all the other components of a
computer?
(a) CPU (b) RAM (c) Motherboard (d) Hard Drive
2. Which of the following is an input device?
(a) Monitor (b) Printer (c) Keyboard (d) Speaker
3. What does CPU stand for?
(a) Central Processing Unit
(b) Computer Peripheral Unit
(c) Compact Processing Unit
(d) Control Panel Unit
4. Which of the following is a storage device?
(a) Mouse (b) Monitor (c) Hard Drive (d) Keyboard
5. What is the function of RAM?
(a) Stores data permanently
(b) Processes instructions
(c) Temporarily stores data that the computer is currently using
(d) Displays information on the screen
6. Which component is responsible for displaying information on the screen?
(a) CPU (b) Monitor (c) Hard Drive (d) Keyboard
7. Which of the following is an example of output device?
(a) Scanner (b) Microphone (c) Projector (d) Mouse
8. What is the role of the power supply unit?
(a) To store data
(b) To process instructions
(c) To provide power to the Computer
(d) To display information
9. Which of the following is a type of memory?
(a) Motherboard (b) RAM (c) CPU (d) Hard Drive
Question and Answers

1. What are the major components of a Computer? Explain them in brief.

Ans: A computer comprises of two major components:

a) Hardware and b) Software

a) Hardware: The physical components of a computer, which we can touch
and feel are known as hardware. Hardware can be further categorised into
internal and external hardware.
b) Software: Software is a set of programs, which controls the internal
operations of a computer and instructs a computer about the work to be
done. For example word, photoshop, pagemaker etc. Software can be
classified into two major categories – System software and application
software.
2. What is a motherboard? What does it contain?

Ans: Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that holds the most
essential components of the computer system. It serves as a single platform to
connect the parts of a computer and allows them to communicate with each
other. Motherboard is mounted inside the CPU cabinet and connect CPU,
memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card and other
expansion cards directly or via cables.

3. Which is the main unit of Computer? What are its functions?

Ans: Central Processing Unit is the main unit of a computer. It is alternatively

referred to microprocessor. It controls all the instructions received from
hardware (internal and external) and software running on a computer.

4. What is modem? Mention its types.

Ans: Modem stands for modulator demodulator. It is a device which allows a

computer send or receive information through telephone lines by converting
digital data into analogue signal.

Modulator converts Digital information of a computer to analogue mode at

the transmitting end and Demodulator further converts back the analogue
signal to digital at the receiving end.
 Modem can be classified as

Internal modem

External modem

PC Card modem

5. Write short notes on the following:

1. SMPS:
SMPS stands for switched mode power supply. It is essential for safe
running of power consuming electrical and electronic appliances. SMPS
uses a switching regulator to control and stabilize the output voltage
switching the load current on or off. It transfers electric power from a
source (AC mains) too low voltage direct current (DC) . It always supplies
a well regulated power to the motherboard and other parts of a
computer and its power.

II Heat Sink:

A Heat sink is an electronic device which is designed to disperse the heat

generated by the CPU. Is made up of metal such as copper or aluminium alloy
uses of fan to keep the processor cool.

III Parallel Port:

It is the port used to connect the device with computer that require high speed
data transmission such as printer, CD-Writer, hard disk drive etc.

IV Flash drive:

It is a small portable flash memory data storage device used to transfer audio,
video and data files from the hard drive of one computer to another. It is
removable rewritable. It is plugged into computer’s USB port. Flash drive is also
called pen drive or thumb drive and is available with storage capacity or up to 1
Terabyte of data.
 CHAPTER – 2 AN INTRODUCTION TO NUMBER SYSTEMS

QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Q1. How is data represented within the computer?

Ans: In computers data is represented using symbols called digits. The

symbolic depiction of these symbols to represent a data is called number
system.

Q2. What are the different types of number systems?

Ans: 1. Decimal Number System

2. Binary Number System

3. Octal Number System

4. Hexadecimal Number System

Q3. Explain the concept of base of any number system.

Ans: In Decimal Number System 10 is used as base with the number. It is a

positional value system and the value of a number is given by its position.
This is similar to the place value which you have studied in Mathematics.

Example: The position of each number in 4872

4 8 7 2

Thousand’s Hundred’s Ten’s One’s

So, in Decimal Number System 4872 can be represented as

4 x 1000 + 8 x 100 + 7 x 10 + 2 x 1

487210
Q4. What do you understand by binary number system?

Ans: This number system is used in computers through the representation of

various symbols viz. Alphabets, digits and special characters by combination
of bits. It uses two symbols 0 and 1 to form numbers and hence the base of
this number system is 2.

Q5. Why do computers use binary numbers?

Ans: The reasons:

1. It is ideal for coding purpose involving two state nature of

components.
2. Easy to code.
3. Simple at work
4. Processing is faster

Q6. How do binary numbers differ from decimal numbers?

Ans: Binary numbers comprises of two symbols 0 and 1 to form numbers

and hence the base of this number system is 2. Decimal Number System
comprises of 10 numerals from 0 to 9 and 10 is used as base with the
number.

Q7. Conversion from Decimal to Binary

Q8. Conversion from Binary to Decimal

Q9. Conversion from Octal to Decimal

Q10. Conversion from Decimal to Octal

Q11. Conversion from Decimal to Hexadecimal.

Q12. Conversion from Hexadecimal to Decimal.

Complete the following in Text book

Pg No. 29

A. Choose the correct option.

1. a 2. c. 3. c. 4. b. 5. a.

Pg No. 30

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. Digits 2. Binary Number System 3. 10 numerals

4. binary 5. decimal 6. 8 7. 2. 8. Decimal Numbers.

C. Write T for true and F for false statements.

1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
 Chapter 3 Computer VIRUS

I Answer the following:

1. Explain about Different types of Computer Threats.

Malware - Malicious software that infects your computer, such as computer viruses, worms, Trojan
horses, spyware, and adware.

Virus - It is a malicious program where it replicates itself and aim to only destroy a computer. The
ultimate goal is the computer will never be able to operate properly. First computer virus name is
“Brian”.

Trojan - It has the ability to hide itself from antivirus detection & and steal important data.

Worms - program designed only to spread, it will use up your computer hard disk space due to the
replication. “Morris” was one of the first computer worm distributed via the internet.

Spyware - designed to spy on the victim’s computer. Such as if you browse on football for a week
every day, the attacker will try to come out with a football scam to cheat on your money.

Adware - Is a form of threat it will start popping out a lot of advertisement. It gathers and transfer to
its distributor personal information of the user.

Scareware - programs designed to trick a user into buying and downloading unnecessary and
potentially dangerous software.

Ransomware - Ransomware is a type of malware that restricts access to your computer. It displays an
image that prevents you from accessing your computer or encrypts files on your system's.

Key logger - keeps a record of every keystroke you made on your keyboard. It’s mainly used to steal
people’s login credential such as username and password.

Phishing - A fake website or email which is designed to look almost like the actual website is a form
of phishing attack. purpose is stealing the identity of the victim.

Spam - more common methods of both sending information out and collecting it from unsuspecting
people.

Spoofing - An email address may even include your own name, or the name of someone you know.

2. What are the basic ways that can be used to protect your PC from Virus.
Ans: Here are five basic ways that you can use to protect your PC from virus.
• Install a virus protection or an antivirus software and perform regular updates
• Create strong passwords
• Be cautious with emails links
• Use a firewall and enhance your browser’s Privacy Settings
• Use pop-up blocker and adjust your User Account Control
II Multiple Choice Questions:

1. What is a computer virus?

a) A type of food.
b) A program that harms your computer.
c) A computer game.
d) A part of the CPU.

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of computer virus?

a) Worm.
b) Trojan horse.
c) Mouse.
d) Spyware.

3. A virus can enter your computer through:

a) Pen drive.
b) Internet.
c) Email attachments.
d) All of the above.

4. What is the software called that’s designed to exploit a computer user and is a broad term
covering computer viruses, worms, Trojan, adware, etc.?
a) Malware
b) Spyware
c) Backdoors
d) Key-logger

5. Which of the following is a program capable of continuously replicating with the little or no user
intervention?
a) Worms
b) Trojan horses
c) Virus
d) none of these

6. Which of the following is the type of software that has self-replicating software that causes
damage to files and system?
a) Worms
b) Backdoors
c) Viruses
d) Trojan horses

7. Which of the following is a type of program that either pretends to have, or is described as having,
a set of useful or desirable features but actually contains damaging code.
a) Bots
b) Trojans
c) Adware
d) Viruses

8. ____________________ are difficult to identify as they keep on changing their type and signature.
a) Polymorphic Virus
b) Multipartite Virus
c) Boot Sector Virus
d) Non-resident Virus