Physics Highweightage Test-7

Questions
7. A sealed tank containing water up to a height of 3 m also
PHY SEC 1
contains air at a gauge pressure of 2.0 × 10 Pa. A small
4

1. Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe of non-uniform hole is made at the bottom. The velocity of efflux is: (
cross-section. At a point where the radius of the pipe is 2
Density of water 3
= 1000 kg/m , g = 10 m/s )
2

cm , the velocity of water is 2 m/s. The velocity of water at

(a) 8 m/s
a point where the radius is 1 cm is:
(b) 10 m/s
(a) 4 m/s
(c) 12 m/s
(b) 8 m/s
(d) 14 m/s
(c) 1 m/s

(d) 16 m/s
8. Assertion (A): Small liquid drops assume a spherical shape.
Reason (R): Due to surface tension, liquids tend to
2. A large open-top water tank has a small hole 5 m below
minimize their surface area for a given volume, and a
the water surface. The velocity of water flowing out of the
sphere has the minimum surface area.
hole is: (Take g = 10 m/s2 )
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(a) 5 m/s
explanation of (A).
(b) 10 m/s (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct
(c) 15 m/s explanation of (A).
(d) 20 m/s (c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
3. A liquid drop of radius R is split into 64 identical smaller
drops. If T is the surface tension of the liquid, the work 9. Water flows through a horizontal pipe. A pressure gauge
done in this process is: attached to the pipe reads 3.0 × 105 Pa when the water
(a) 2
4πR T is stationary. When the water starts flowing, the gauge
reading drops to 2.2 × 10 Pa. The speed of the water is:
5
(b) 2
8πR T

(c) 12πR T
2 (Density of water = 1000kg/m3 )
(d) 16πR T
2 (a) 10 m/s

(b) 12.6 m/s

4. The lift of an airplane wing is based on the principle that: (c) 8 m/s

(a) as the speed of air increases, its pressure decreases. (d) 16 m/s

(b) as the speed of air increases, its pressure increases.

(c) the weight of the air pushed down equals the lift. 10. The excess pressure inside a soap bubble is twice the
(d) the density of air decreases with height. excess pressure inside another soap bubble. The ratio of
the volume of the first bubble to the second bubble is:
5. A large open tank has a layer of oil (density 800 kg/m
3
) (a) 1 : 2

of height 2 m on top of a layer of water (density (b) 1 : 4

1000 kg/m ) of height 3 m . A small hole is made at the (c)

3
1 : 8

bottom of the tank. The initial velocity of efflux of water is: (d) 1 : 16

(Take g = 10 m/s2 )
(a) 8 m/s 11. A stream of water flowing horizontally with a speed of
15 m/s gushes out of a tube of cross-sectional area
(b) 10 m/s

and hits a vertical wall nearby. What is the force

−2 2
(c) √92 m/s
10 m

exerted on the wall by the impact of water, assuming it

(d) 12 m/s
does not rebound?
(a) 1125 N
6. If 1000 identical small water droplets coalesce to form a
(b) 2250 N
single large drop, the ratio of the final total surface energy
to the initial total surface energy is: (c) 3375 N
(a) 10 : 1
(d) 4500 N

(b) 1 : 10

(c) 100 : 1

(d) 1 : 100
12. An open cylindrical tank of water is placed in an elevator 18. A hole is made at the bottom of a tank filled with water. If
that is accelerating upwards at 2 m/s2 . If a small hole is the total pressure at the bottom of the tank is 3 atm (
made in the side of the tank at a depth of 2.5 m below the ), the velocity of efflux is:
5 2
1 atm = 10 N/m

water surface, the velocity of efflux relative to the tank is: (a) 10 m/s

(Take g = 10 m/s2 ) (b) 20 m/s

(a) 5 m/s
(c) 25 m/s

(b) √50 m/s

(d) 30 m/s

(c) √60 m/s

(d) 10 m/s 19. The correct form of the equation of continuity for an
incompressible fluid is:
13. The surface energy of a liquid drop of radius r is U . If this (a) A1 v 1 = A2 v 2

drop is split into 1000 identical smaller droplets, the new (b) P 1 v1 = P 2 v2

total surface energy will be: (c) A1 /v1 = A2 /v2

(a) U (d) ρ 1 A1 v 1 = ρ 2 A2 v 2

(b) 10 U
(c) 100 U 20. Assertion (A): To get a spray from a bottle, one has to
(d) 1000 U press the bulb. Reason (R): Pressing the bulb increases the
air speed inside, which decreases the pressure, allowing
14. The speed of air is 50 m/s below a wing and 60 m/s the liquid to rise and be sprayed out.
above it. The dynamic lift on the wing is proportional to: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(a) 60 × 50
explanation of (A).
(b) 60 − 50 (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct
(c) 2 2 explanation of (A).
60 − 50
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) 60
2 2
+ 50
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
15. The work done in blowing a soap bubble of radius R is W .
The additional work required to double its radius is: PHY SEC 2
(a) W 21. Water enters the wider end of a horizontal conical tube
(b) 2W with a velocity of 2 m/s. The radius of the wider end is 4
(c) 3W cm and that of the narrower end is 2 cm . The velocity of
(d) 4W water at the narrower end is (in m/s).

16. The velocity of efflux of a liquid from an orifice at a depth 22. The flow speeds on the upper and lower surfaces of a
h below the free surface of the liquid in a tank is given by: wing are 120 m/s and 100 m/s respectively. If the area of
(a) √2gh the wing is 10 m2 , the net upward force (lift) on the wing
(b) 2gh is (in kN). (Density of air = 1.2 kg/m3 )
(c) √gh
23. A large liquid drop is formed by coalescing 27 small
(d) gh
identical drops. The ratio of the surface energy of the
large drop to the total surface energy of all the small
17.
Two soap bubbles of radii r1 and r2 (r1 < r2 ) come into drops is 1 : N. The value of N is
contact. An interface is formed between them. Air will flow
from: 24. The reading of a pressure meter attached to a closed
horizontal pipe is 5.0 × 104 N/m2 . On opening a valve,
(a) the larger bubble to the smaller one. water starts flowing and the meter reading falls to
(b) the smaller bubble to the larger one. 3.0 × 10
4
N/m
2
. The velocity of water is found to be
(c) one bubble to another until their sizes are equal. √V m/s . The value of V is
(d) one bubble to another until the interface is flat. (Density of water = 1000 kg/m
3
)

25. The work done in blowing a soap bubble from an initial

radius of 2 cm to a final radius of 3 cm is 600πergs. The
surface tension of the soap solution is (in dyne/cm).
Answer Key

1 2 3 4 5

B B C A C

6 7 8 9 10

B B A B C

11 12 13 14 15

B C B C C

16 17 18 19 20

A B B A A

21 22 23 24 25

8 26 3 40 15
Solutions

1. According to the equation of continuity, A1 v1 = A2 v 2 . Here, A = πr

2
. So, πr21 v1 = πr v2
2
2
.
(2)
2
× 2 = (1)
2
× v2 ⟹ 8 = v2 . The velocity is 8 m/s .

2. According to Torricelli's law, the velocity of efflux from a hole at a depth h below the free surface is given by
2
v = √2gh. v = √2 × 10 m/s × 5 m = √100 = 10 m/s .

3. Let the radius of the small drops be r. By conserving volume,

4
πR
3
= 64 ×
4
πr
3
⟹ R = 4r ⟹ r = R/4 . Initial surface
3 3

area Ai = 4πR
2
. Final surface area Af = 64 × 4πr
2
= 64 × 4π(R/4)
2
= 16πR
2
. Work done
.
2 2 2
W = T ΔA = T (Af − Ai ) = T (16πR − 4πR ) = 12πR T

4. The shape of the wing makes the air travel faster over the upper surface than the lower surface. According to Bernoulli's
principle, higher speed corresponds to lower pressure. This pressure difference between the lower and upper surfaces
creates an upward force, or lift.

5. Using Bernoulli's equation between the top surface and the hole. The pressure at the bottom due to the liquids is
. This gauge pressure is converted to kinetic energy of the effluxing water: Pg .
1 2
Pg = hoil ρoil g + hwater ρwater g = ρwater v
2

2g(hoil ρoil +hwater ρwater ) ρoil

.
1
ρwater v . v = √
2
g (hoil ρoil + hwater ρwater ) = = √2g (hwater + hoil )
2 ρwater ρwater

.
800
v = √2 × 10 × (3 + × 2) = √20 × (3 + 1.6) = √20 × 4.6 = √92 m/s
1000

6. Let R be the radius of the big drop and r be the radius of small droplets. Volume conservation:
. Initial surface energy Ei . Final surface energy
4 3 4 3 2
1000 × πr = πR ⟹ R = 10r = 1000 × (4πr T )
3 3
2
100×(4πr T )

. The ratio Ef /Ei .

2 2 2 100 1
Ef = 4πR T = 4π(10r) T = 100 × (4πr T ) = = =
2
1000×(4πr T ) 1000 10

7. Apply Bernoulli's equation between the top water surface (1) and the hole (2). P1 + ρgh1 = P2 +
1
ρv
2
. Here P1 = Patm + Pgauge
2 2

and P2 = Patm .
1 2 4 1 2 2 2 2
Pgauge + ρgh = ρv .2.0 × 10 + (1000)(10)(3) = (1000)v .20000 + 30000 = 500v ⟹ 50000 = 500v ⟹ v = 100 ⟹
2 2

8. Surface tension is the property of a liquid that makes its surface behave like a stretched membrane, tending to contract to
the smallest possible surface area. For a given volume, a sphere is the geometric shape with the minimum surface area. This
explains why small drops, where gravity is negligible, are spherical.

9. 5
2(3.0×10 −2.2×10 )
5
5
2(P1 −P2 )
√
Using Bernoulli's equation: P1 .
1 2 2×0.8×10
= P2 + ρv . v = √ = = √ = √160 ≈ 12.6 m/s
2 ρ 1000 1000

10. Excess pressure inside a soap bubble is ΔP =

4T
. Given ΔP1 = 2ΔP2 ⟹
4T
= 2
4T
⟹ r2 = 2r1 . The ratio of volumes
r r1 r2
4 3
πr 3 3
V1 r1 r1
is .
3 1 1
= = ( ) = ( ) =
V2 4 3
r2 2r1 8
πr
3 2

11. Δp m(vf −vi ) mvi

Force is the rate of change of momentum. F = = . Since the water does not rebound, vf = 0. F = . The
Δt Δt Δt

mass hitting the wall per second is (Volume per second)

m
=
Δt

×ρ = (Avi ) ρ. F = (Avi ρ) vi = Aρv

2
i
= (10
−2
) (1000)(15)
2
= 10 × 225 = 2250 N .

12. In an upwardly accelerating frame, the effective acceleration due to gravity is geff = g + a geff . = 10 + 2 = 12 m/s
2
. The
velocity of efflux is given by Torricelli's law with the effective gravity: v = √2geff h. v = √2 × 12 × 2.5 = √60m/s .

13. U = 4πr T
2
. Let the new radius be r′ . Volume is conserved:
4
πr
3
= 1000 ×
4
πr
′3
⟹ r = 10r
′
. New total surface energy
3 3
2

.
′ ′2 2 4πr T 2
U = 1000 × (4πr T ) = 1000 × 4π(r/10) T = 1000 × = 10 × (4πr T ) = 10U
100

14. The pressure difference is ΔP =

1
ρ (v
2
− v
2
) . The lift force is F = ΔP × A . Therefore, the lift is proportional to
2 above below

(v
2

above
− v
2

below
) , which is 60 2
− 50
2
.
15. A soap bubble has two surfaces. Work done is W = T × ΔA = T × 8πR
2
. So W ∝ R
2
. To double the radius to 2 R , the
final work done from start is W . The additional work required is
′ 2 2
= T × 8π(2R) = 4 × (T × 8πR ) = 4W

Wadd = W
′
− W = 4W − W = 3W .

16. This is Torricelli's law, derived from Bernoulli's principle. Applying Bernoulli's equation between the free surface (1) and the
orifice (2): P1 . Assuming P1 and v1 , and taking h , we
1 2 1 2
+ ρgh1 + ρv = P2 + ρgh2 + ρv = P2 = Patm ≈ 0 = h1 − h2
2 1 2 2

get ρgh , which simplifies to v2 .

1 2
= ρv = √2gh
2 2

17. The excess pressure inside a soap bubble is inversely proportional to its radius ( ΔP = 4T /r ). The smaller bubble ( r1 ) has
a higher internal pressure than the larger bubble ( r2 ). Therefore, air will flow from the region of higher pressure (smaller
bubble) to the region of lower pressure (larger bubble).

18. The total pressure at the bottom is P = Patm + ρgh = 3 atm . The gauge pressure is
Pg = P − Patm = 2 atm = 2 × 10
5
N/m
2
. This gauge pressure is due to the water column, so ρgh = 2 × 10
5
. The
velocity of efflux is v = √2gh . Squaring gives v 2
= 2gh . So,
2 5

.
v 5 2 2×2×10
ρ = 2 × 10 ⟹ v = = 400. v = √400 = 20 m/s
2 1000

19. The general equation of continuity is ρAv = constant. For an incompressible fluid, the density ρ is constant, so the equation
simplifies to Av = constant, or A1 v1 = A2 v2 .

20. This is a direct application of Bernoulli's principle. Pressing the bulb forces air to move at high speed over the top of the tube
immersed in the liquid. This high-speed air creates a region of low pressure. The higher atmospheric pressure on the liquid
surface in the bottle then pushes the liquid up the tube and into the airstream, creating a spray.

21. From the equation of continuity,

.
2 2 2 2 32
A1 v1 = A2 v2 . πr v1 = πr v2 . (4) × 2 = (2) × v2 .16 × 2 = 4 × v2 ⟹ v2 = = 8 m/s
1 2 4

22. Using Bernoulli's principle, the pressure difference is

.
1 2 2 1 2 2 2
ΔP = ρ (vupper − v ) . ΔP = × 1.2 × (120 − 100 ) = 0.6 × (14400 − 10000) = 0.6 × 4400 = 2640N/m
2 lower 2

Lift Force F = ΔP × A = 2640 × 10 = 26400 N = 26.4kN . Rounding to the nearest integer gives 26 kN .

23. Let R be the radius of the large drop and r be the radius of a small drop. By volume conservation:
. Surface energy is proportional to the surface area. Total initial energy Ei .
4 3 4 3 2
πR = 27 × πr ⟹ R = 3r ∝ 27 × (4πr )
3 3
2
Ef 9×(4πr )

Final energy Ef . The ratio is . So, Ef . Thus,

2 2 2 9 1
∝ 4πR = 4π(3r) = 9 × (4πr ) = = = : Ei = 1 : 3
2
Ei 27×(4πr ) 27 3

N = 3 .

24. Using Bernoulli's equation for a horizontal pipe: P1 +

1
ρv
2
= P2 +
1
ρv
2
. Initially, water is closed, so
2 1 2 2

. Finally, water flows with velocity

4
v1 = 0. P1 = 5.0 × 10
4 4
2(5.0×10 −3.0×10 ) 4
2(P1 −P2 )
. The velocity is √40 .
4 1 2×2.0×10
2 2
v2 . P2 = 3.0 × 10 . P1 = P2 + ρv . v = = = = 40 m/s
2 2 2 ρ 1000 1000

Therefore, V = 40 .

25. A soap bubble has two free surfaces. The work done is equal to the change in surface energy.
. .
2 2 2 2
W = T × ΔA = T × [8πR − 8πR ] 600π = T × 8π (3 − 2 ) = T × 8π(9 − 4) = T × 8π × 5 = 40πT
f i

dyne /cm.
600π
T = = 15
40π