Name: _______________________________________________

A STAR ONLINE ACADEMY

normal distribution

Date:

Time:

Total marks available:

Total marks achieved: ______

Questions
Q1.

Jia writes a computer program that randomly generates values from a normal distribution.

He sets the mean as 40 and the standard deviation as 2.4

(a) Find the probability that a particular value generated by the computer program is less than
37

(3)

Jia changes the mean to m but leaves the standard deviation as 2.4

The computer program then randomly generates 2 independent values from this normal
distribution.

The probability that both of these values are greater than 32 is 0.16

(b) Find the value of m, giving your answer to 2 decimal places.

(4)

Jia now changes the mean to 4 and the standard deviation to 8

The computer program then randomly generates 5 independent values from this normal
distribution.

(c) Find the probability that at least one of these values is negative.

(4)

(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q2.

A machine squeezes apples to extract their juice. The volume of juice, J ml, extracted from 1 kg
of apples is modelled by a normal distribution with mean μ and standard deviation σ

Given that μ = 500 and σ = 25 use standardisation to

(a) (i) show that P(J > 510) = 0.3446

(2)

(ii) calculate the value of d such that P(J > d ) = 0.9192

(3)

Zen randomly selects 5 bags each containing 1 kg of apples and records the volume of juice
extracted from each bag of apples.

(b) Calculate the probability that each of the 5 bags of apples produce less than 510 ml of juice.

(2)

Following adjustments to the machine, the volume of juice, R ml, extracted from 1 kg of apples is
such that μ = 520 and σ = k

Given that P(R < r) = 0.15 and P(R > 3r – 800) = 0.005

(c) find the value of r and the value of k

(7)

(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q3.

Xiang is designing shelves for a bookshop. The height, H cm, of books is modelled by the normal
distribution with mean 25.1 cm and standard deviation 5.5 cm

(a) Show that P(H > 30.8) = 0.15

(3)

Xiang decided that the smallest 5% of books and books taller than 30.8 cm would not be placed
on the shelves. All the other books will be placed on the shelves.

(b) Find the range of heights of books that will be placed on the shelves.

(3)

The books that will be placed on the shelves have heights classified as small, medium or large.
The numbers of small, medium and large books are in the ratios 2 : 3 : 3

(c) The medium books have heights x cm where m < x < d

(i) Show that d = 25.8 to 1 decimal place.

(3)

(ii) Find the value of m

(4)

Xiang wants 2 shelves for small books, 3 shelves for medium books and 3 shelves for large
books.
These shelves will be placed one above another and made of wood that is 1 cm thick.
(d) Work out the minimum total height needed.

(2)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q4.

A machine fills bottles with water. The volume of water delivered by the machine to a bottle is X
ml where X ~ N( μ, σ2)

One of these bottles of water is selected at random.

Given that μ = 503 and σ = 1.6

(a) find

(i) P(X > 505)

(5)

(b) Find w such that P(1006 − w < X < w) = 0.9426

(3)

Following adjustments to the machine, the volume of water delivered by the machine to a bottle
is such that
μ = 503 and σ = q

Given that P(X < r) = 0.01 and P(X > r + 6) = 0.05

(c) find the value of r and the value of q

(7)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q5.

The weights of packages that arrive at a factory are normally distributed with a mean of 18 kg
and a standard deviation of 5.4 kg

(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected package weighs less than 10 kg

(3)

The heaviest 15% of packages are moved around the factory by Jemima using a forklift truck.

(b) Find the weight, in kg, of the lightest of these packages that Jemima will move.

(3)

One of the packages not moved by Jemima is selected at random.

(c) Find the probability that it weighs more than 18 kg

(4)

A delivery of 4 packages is made to the factory.

(d) Find the probability that exactly 2 of them will be moved by Jemima.

(3)

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q6.

A manufacturer fills bottles with oil.

The volume of oil in a bottle, Vml, is normally distributed with V ~ N(100,2.52)

(a) Find P(V > 104.9)

(3)

(b) In a pack of 150 bottles, find the expected number of bottles containing more than 104.9 ml

(2)

(c) Find the value of v, to 2 decimal places, such that P(V > v | V < 104.9) = 0.2801

(6)

(Total for question = 11 marks)

The weights, W grams, of kiwi fruit grown on a farm are normally distributed with mean 80
grams and standard deviation 8 grams.

The table shows the classifications of the kiwi fruit by their weight, where k is a positive
constant.

One kiwi fruit is selected at random from those grown on the farm.

(a) Find the probability that this kiwi fruit is Large.

(3)

35% of the kiwi fruit are Jumbo.

(b) Find the value of k to one decimal place.

(4)

75% of Tiny kiwi fruit weigh more than y grams.

(c) Find the value of y giving your answer to one decimal place.

(5)

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q8.

A competition consists of two rounds.

The time, in minutes, taken by adults to complete round one is modelled by a normal distribution
with mean 15 minutes and standard deviation 2 minutes.

(a) Use standardisation to find the proportion of adults that take less than 18 minutes to
complete round one.

(2)

Only the fastest 60% of adults from round one take part in round two.

(b) Use standardisation to find the longest time that an adult can take to complete round one if
they are to take part in round two.

(3)

The time, T minutes, taken by adults to complete round two is modelled by a normal distribution
with mean μ

Given that P(μ − 10 < T < μ + 10) = 0.95

(c) find P(T > μ − 5 | T > μ − 10)

(5)

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q9.

The weights, X grams, of a particular variety of fruit are normally distributed with

A fruit of this variety is selected at random.

(a) Show that the probability that the weight of this fruit is less than 240 grams is 0.8849

(2)

(b) Find the probability that the weight of this fruit is between 190 grams and 240 grams.

(2)

(c) Find the value of k such that P(210 − k < X < 210 + k) = 0.95

(3)

A wholesaler buys large numbers of this variety of fruit and classifies the lightest 15% as small.

(d) Find the maximum weight of a fruit that is classified as small.

You must show your working clearly.

(3)
The weights, Y grams, of a second variety of this fruit are normally distributed with

Given that 5% of these fruit weigh less than 152 grams and 40% weigh more than 180 grams,

(e) calculate the mean and standard deviation of the weights of this variety of fruit.

(5)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q10.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The distances, m miles, a motorbike travels on a full tank of petrol can be modelled by a normal
distribution with mean 170 miles and standard deviation 16 miles.

(a) Find the probability that, on a randomly selected journey, the motorbike could travel at least
190 miles on a full tank of petrol.

(2)

The probability that, on a randomly selected journey, the motorbike could travel at least d miles
on a full tank of petrol is 0.9

(b) Find the value of d

(3)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q11.

A recycling centre measures the weight of glass deposited by the public each day.

The weight of glass, S kg, deposited at the recycling centre in a day during the summer can be
modelled by S ∼ N (700, 502)
(a) Using standardisation and showing your working, find the probability that, in one randomly
selected day during the summer,

(i) more than 640 kg of glass is deposited at the recycling centre,

(2)

(ii) 700 kg of glass, correct to the nearest 50 kg, is deposited at the recycling centre.

(5)

The weight of glass, W kg, deposited at the recycling centre in a day during the winter can be
modelled by W ∼ N (μ, σ2)

(b) Given that P(W > 680) = 0.0668 and P(W < 599) = 0.3

(i) find two equations in terms of μ and σ

(3)

(ii) Hence, showing your working, find the value of μ and the value of σ

(3)

(Total for question = 13 marks)

Q12.

An orchard produces apples.

The weights, A grams, of its apples are normally distributed with mean μ grams and standard
deviation σ grams.

It is known that

P(A < 162) = 0.1 and P(162 < A < 175) = 0.7508

(a) Calculate the value of μ and the value of σ

(5)

A second orchard also produces apples.

The weights, B grams, of its apples have distribution B ~ N(215, 102)

An outlier is a value that is

greater than Q3 + 1.5 × (Q3 – Q1) or smaller than Q1 – 1.5 × (Q3 – Q1)
An apple is selected at random from this second orchard.

Using Q3 = 221.74 grams,

(b) find the probability that this apple is an outlier.

(5)

(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q13.

Kris works in the mailroom of a large company and is responsible for all the letters sent by the
company. The weights of letters sent by the company, W grams, have a normal distribution with
mean 165 g and standard deviation 35 g.

(a) Estimate the proportion of letters sent by the company that weigh less than 120 g.

(3)

Kris splits the letters to be sent into 3 categories: heavy, medium and light, with
of the letters
in each category.

(b) Find the weight limits that determine medium letters.

(4)

A heavy letter is chosen at random.

(c) Find the probability that this letter weighs less than 200 g.

(3)

Kris chooses a random sample of 3 letters from those in the mailroom one day.

(d) Find the probability that there is one letter in each of the 3 categories.

(3)

(Total for question = 13 marks)

The distance an athlete can throw a discus is normally distributed with mean 40 m and standard
deviation 4 m

(a) Using standardisation, show that the probability that this athlete throws the discus less than
38.8 m is 0.3821

(2)

This athlete enters a discus competition.

Given that they qualified for the final and that throws are independent,

(b) find the probability that this athlete qualified for the final on their second throw with a
distance of more than 44 m

(5)

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q15.

The random variable X is normally distributed with mean μ and variance 36

Given that

(a) find the value of k

(4)

The random variable Y is normally distributed with mean μ and standard deviation σ

Given that

(b) find the value of μ and the value of σ

(5)
 (Total for question = 9 marks)

Mark Scheme

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Q5.
Q6.
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Q11.
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Q13.
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Q15.
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