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Oracle AI Vector Search User's Guide

 ] Overview

  ^ Get Started
VECTOR_EMBEDDING
  _ Generate Vector Embeddings
Use VECTOR_EMBEDDING to generate a single vector embedding for diAerent data types using embedding or

  ` Store Vector Embeddings feature extraction machine learning models.

a Create Vector Indexes and Hybrid

  Vector Indexes Syntax
c Use SQL Functions for Vector
  Operations

 Vector Distance Functions and Operators

Description of the illustration vector_embedding.eps

 Chunking and Vector Generation Functions

VECTOR_CHUNKS mining_a'ribute_clause::=
VECTOR_EMBEDDING

Constructors, Converters, Descriptors, and

 Arithmetic Operators

JSON Compatibility with the VECTOR Data

Type

e Query Data With Similarity and Hybrid

 Searches

g Work with LLM-Powered APIs and

 Retrieval Augmented Generation Description of the illustration mining_aHribute_clause.eps

ij Supported Clients and Languages

 ii Vector Diagnostics Purpose

The function accepts the following types as input:
 i] Vector Search PL/SQL Packages

VARCHAR2 for text embedding models. Oracle automatically converts any other type to VARCHAR2 except for
A Python Classes to Convert Pretrained
Models to ONNX Models (Deprecated) NCLOB, which is automatically converted to NVARCHAR2. Oracle does not expect values whose textual
representation exceeds the maximum size of a VARCHAR2, since embedding models support only text that
Glossary
translates to a couple of thousand tokens. An aHribute with a type that has no conversion to VARCHAR2 results in
a SQL compilation error.

For feature extraction models Oracle Machine Learning for SQL supports standard Oracle data types except
DATE, TIMESTAMP, RAW, and LONG. Oracle Machine Learning supports date type (datetime, date, timestamp) for
case_id, CLOB/BLOB/FILE that are interpreted as text columns, and the following collection types as well:

DM_NESTED_CATEGORICALS

DM_NESTED_NUMERICALS

DM_NESTED_BINARY_DOUBLES

DM_NESTED_BINARY_FLOATS

The function always returns a VECTOR type, whose dimension is dictated by the model itself. The model stores
the dimension information in metadata within the data dictionary.

You can use VECTOR_EMBEDDING in SELECT clauses, in predicates, and as an operand for SQL operations
accepting a VECTOR type.

Parameters
model_name refers to the name of the imported embedding model that implements the embedding machine
learning function.

mining_a'ribute_clause
The mining_attribute_clause argument identiVes the column aHributes to use as predictors for
scoring. This is used as a convenience, as the embedding operator only accepts single input value.
USING * : all the relevant aHributes present in the input (supplied in JSON metadata) are used. This is
used as a convenience. For an embedding model, the operator only takes one input value as
embedding models have only one column.
USING expr [AS alias] [, expr [AS alias] ] : all the relevant aHributes present in the comma-
separated list of column expressions are used. This syntax is consistent with the syntax of other
machine learning operators. You may specify more than one aHribute, however, the embedding
model only takes one relevant input. Therefore, you must specify a single mining aHribute.

Example
The following example generates vector embeddings with "hello" as the input, utilizing the pretrained ONNX
format model my_embedding_model.onnx imported into the Database. For complete example, see Import
ONNX Models and Generate Embeddings

 COPY

SELECT TO_VECTOR(VECTOR_EMBEDDING(model USING 'hello' as data)) AS embedding;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[-9.76553112E-002,-9.89954844E-002,7.69771636E-003,-4.16760892E-003,-9.69305634E-002,
-3.01141385E-002,-2.63396613E-002,-2.98553891E-002,5.96499592E-002,4.13885899E-002,
5.32859489E-002,6.57707453E-002,-1.47056757E-002,-4.18472625E-002,4.1588001E-002,
-2.86354572E-002,-7.56499246E-002,-4.16395674E-003,-1.52879998E-001,6.60010576E-002,
-3.9013084E-002,3.15719917E-002,1.2428958E-002,-2.47651711E-002,-1.16851285E-001,
-7.82847106E-002,3.34323719E-002,8.03267583E-002,1.70483496E-002,-5.42407483E-002,
6.54291287E-002,-4.81935125E-003,6.11041225E-002,6.64106477E-003,-5.47

 See also

Data Requirements for Machine Learning

Vector Distance Metrics

Parent topic: Chunking and Vector Generation Functions

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