[Link].

com

Movement in and
out of Cells
Question Paper

Level IGCSE
Subject Biology
Exam Board CIE
Topic Movement in and out of Cells
Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper
Booklet Question Paper

Time Allowed: 68 minutes

Score: /56

Percentage: /100
 [Link]

1 Some students investigated osmosis in raw potato sticks.

(a) Define the term osmosis.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) The students measured the mass of four of the potato sticks using an electronic balance.

Fig. 4.1 shows an electronic balance.

Fig. 4.1

The students left each potato stick in one of four different liquids for 5 hours:

• distilled water
3
• 0.1 mol per dm sodium chloride solution
3
• 0.5 mol per dm sodium chloride solution
3
• 1.0 mol per dm sodium chloride solution.

After 5 hours they measured the mass again and calculated the change in mass.
 [Link]

(i) Predict which of the liquids would cause the largest decrease in mass of a potato stick.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) The students dried the potato sticks with paper towels before putting them on the
electronic balance.

Suggest why.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) After the experiment the students noticed that the potato stick with the lowest mass was soft
and floppy.

Explain why the potato stick had become soft and floppy.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) The students followed the same experimental procedure with boiled potato sticks and found
no overall change in mass in any of the solutions.

Suggest why the mass of the boiled potato sticks remained the same.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]
 [Link]

A student investigated the diffusion of substances through Visking tubing, an artificial membrane
which has some of the properties of cell membranes.

The student made a bag of Visking tubing as shown in Fig. 4.1.

top of syringe

elastic band test-tube

Visking bag bag filled with starch

starch solution solution
and placed into a
test-tube of water
water
knot

Fig. 4.1

The student added some iodine solution to the water in the test-tube.

After 30 minutes at room temperature, the contents of the Visking bag were stained blue-black, but
the water outside remained a yellow colour.

(a) (i) Explain these results.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [4]
 [Link]

(ii) State three factors that influence the movement of molecules through membranes.

1 .............................................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................................

[3]
 [Link]

(b) Fig. 4.2 is an electron micrograph of a red blood cell within a capillary.

muscle cell

magnification ×6500

Fig. 4.2

(i) Molecules of carbon dioxide that are produced in muscle cells are transported to the
blood.

Describe the pathway taken by these molecules of carbon dioxide.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]

(ii) Explain how capillaries are adapted for their functions.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [3]
 [Link]

Some plants can be grown in water using the technique of hydroponics. The roots are in water and
supplied with the ions that they need at the concentrations that support maximum growth. Some
ions can be absorbed both by diffusion and by active transport.

(a) (i) State two features of diffusion that do not apply to active transport.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain how roots are adapted to absorb ions.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

A group of students investigated the effect of soaking small onion bulbs in different concentrations
of sodium chloride solution. They peeled off the outer papery leaves of the onion bulbs and divided
the onions into 6 batches, each with 10 onions.

The onions were surface dried with paper towels and weighed. The mean mass of the onions in
each batch was calculated. The onions were then left in sodium chloride solutions for three hours.

After three hours the students surface dried the onions and weighed them again. Their results are
given in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

concentration of mean mass of onions / g

percentage
sodium chloride solution before after soaking change in mass
/ g dm–3 soaking for 3 hours
0 147 173 +17.7
25 153 165 +7.8
50 176 172 –2.3
100 154 149 –3.2
150 149 142 –4.7
200 183 175
 [Link]

(b) (i) Calculate the percentage change in mass of the onions that were in the most concentrated
solution of sodium chloride. Show your working. Write your answer in Table 2.1.

[2]

(ii) Explain why the students calculated the percentage change in mass of the onions.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The students plotted a graph of the results as shown in Fig. 2.1.

20
percentage change in mass

15

10

0
0 50 100 150 200
–5

–10
concentration of sodium chloride solution / g dm–3

Fig. 2.1

(i) Complete the graph using your answer to (b)(i). [1]

(ii) Use the graph in Fig. 2.1 to estimate the concentration of the sodium chloride solution
that has the same water potential as the onions.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
 [Link]

(d) Using the term water potential, explain why the onions:

gained mass when soaked in dilute solutions of sodium chloride

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

lost mass when soaked in concentrated solutions of sodium chloride.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 15]
 [Link]

The pressure in the lungs of a student before and during the start of a volleyball match was
recorded.

The results are shown in Fig. 2.1.

lung pressure
/ arbitrary units

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Use the results in Fig. 2.1 to calculate the breathing rate before the start of the match.
Express your answer to the nearest whole number.

Show your working.

..................................breaths per minute

[2]
 [Link]

(ii) Use the results in Fig. 2.1 to describe how the pattern of breathing during the match is
different from the pattern of breathing before the match starts.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Describe the process of inhalation.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Carbon dioxide is excreted from the body through the lungs.

(i) Explain why this process is termed excretion.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Name the part of the blood in which most carbon dioxide is transported.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Describe the effect of increased carbon dioxide concentration on blood pH.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
 [Link]

osmosis '

Red blood cells from humans were placed into three test-tubes. Each test-tube contained a salt
solution of a different concentration. A sample was taken from each test-tube and viewed using a
microscope. The results are shown in Fig. 3.2.

salt concentration / mol dm–3 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

Fig. 3.2

(c) (i) Describe the appearance of the red blood cells in the 0.15 mol dm−3 salt solution and the
red blood cells in the 0.20 mol dm−3 salt solution.

0.15 mol dm−3 .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

0.20 mol dm−3 .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) The red blood cells in the 0.10 mol dm−3 salt solution burst.

Explain why the red blood cells burst.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Suggest why a plant cell in 0.10 mol dm−3 salt solution would not burst.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]
 [Link]

(d) Some people in accidents lose a lot of blood. Doctors give patients fluid to replace lost blood.
osmosis
(i) Use the information in Fig. 3.2 to predict and explain the concentration of fluid replacement
given to patients who have lost blood.

prediction ...........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

heart. (ii) Describe the process of blood clotting.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 14]
 [Link]

(b) The cells were kept in a dilute salt solution. They were then transferred to distilled water.
osmosis
Explain what will happen to each of these two cells when they are placed into distilled water.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Magnesium is a plant nutrient. Scientists think that magnesium is involved in the transport of
sucrose from the leaves to the rest of a plant.

(i) Name the tissue that transports sucrose in plants.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

The scientists grew some tomato plants with their roots in a solution that contained all the
mineral nutrients that plants require. After a while, the plants were divided into two groups.

• Group A continued to receive the solution containing all the nutrients.

• Group B received a solution that did not contain any magnesium.

After 12 days, measurements were made on the leaves and the results are shown in Fig. 1.2.

3.5 120

3.0 100
rate of movement of 2.5 sucrose concentration
sucrose out of the leaves in the leaves 80
/ arbitrary units 2.0 / arbitrary units
60
1.5
40
1.0

0.5 20

0.0 0
A B A B
group group

Fig. 1.2