Cooling System in CIE
What is an Engine Cooling System?
• An Engine cooling system is one of
the necessary systems that are 30%
present in the Internal Combustion
Engine to keep the temperature of
the components inside the engine at 7%
the optimum temperature range
80 : 90 C 37%
The temperature at the combustion
stroke is 1000 C : 2500 C.
Keep Reduce 30%
100%
temperature temperature
Why is Engine Cooling System necessary?
• Engine temperatures can reach up to 2500 degrees Celsius, exceeding
• component melting points (source: How Stuff Works).
• A cooling system is required to dissipate this heat effectively.
• High temperatures affects the properties of lubricating oil.
• A cooling system is essential for maintaining lubrication integrity.
• Excessive heat can result in thermal stresses within the engine.
• Controlling temperature is vital to minimize these stresses
• Higher temperature also lower the volumetric efficiency of the engine
Functions of an Engine Cooling System
01 Regulating the engine temperature
02 Prevents overheating
A
B
03 Prevents damage to engine
C
04 Improves the engine performance D
Types of Engine Cooling Systems
• The following are the two main types of Engine Cooling Systems:
Air Cooled Engine Cooling System ( Direct System )
Water Cooled Engine Cooling System ( Indirect System )
Air Cooling System
The engine’s heat is released directly
into the surrounding air. This system
involves current flowing through the
parts that need heat dissipation. This
process depends on many factors.
This includes metal’s surface area in
contact, the air’s flow rate, and the
temperature difference between the
hot surface and the air. To enhance
the metal’s surface area, fins made
of materials like copper or steel are
added around the cylinder.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Air Cooled System
Advantages Disadvantages
Light in weight This is More noise in
operation.
This system can be used The coefficient of heat
where water scarcity is there transfer of air is less
Simple in design
less efficient in working
Require less space
No pump
Water Cooling System
• This is the most commonly used type of system. In this system, the dissipation
of heat is done by the circulation of water through the jackets around the
cylinder and then this hot water is passed through the radiator where the air
absorbs heat from the water
Classification of Water Cooled System
• Water cooling system is further classified into two main types:
Thermosyphon system
Forced circulation system
Thermosyphon System
There is no pump included in Thermosyphon system. Circulation of water is done due to
the difference in densities of hot and cold water. An important point to note here is that in
this cooling system the rate of cooling is low. It is simple in design and cheap.
Forced Circulation System
•
In this type of cooling system, the
circulation of water is done by
providing a centrifugal pump. Due to
the presence of pump in the system,
the rate of flow of water is more.
Radiator may be fitted at any place that
is convenient to the designer. The
pump is driven by a belt attached to
the crankshaft.
Parts of the Water Cooled Engine Cooling System
• Water Pump
• Radiator
• Fan
• Water Jackets
• Hose Pipe
• Thermostat Valve
• Expansion tank
• Radiator cap
• Coolant Temp- Sensors CTS
• Water pump is centrifugal pump which used for
forced circulation of water inside the engine. The
water pump is driven by a belt which is connected
to the [Link] we call it a mechanical pump
• The electrical pump is driven by an electrical
motor
• The flow rate of the pump changes with the
change of RPM of the engine
Radiator
A radiator is a heat exchanger used in an IC Engine. It consists of
two tanks. One is called an upper tank, and the other one is a
lower tank. A bunch of tubes are connected to both tanks.
Radiator is a heat exchanger between Water and AIR .
The upper tank is connected to the exit channel of the engine
jackets via a hose pipe, and the bottom tank is connected to the
entry channel of the cooling jacket via a water pump.
The hot water comes from the engine cylinder filled in the upper
tank. From the upper tank, the hot water comes to the lower tank
with the help of radiator tubes. By the time of flowing through
the tubes, the hot water is cooled by atmospheric air or
sometimes a fan is fitted at the back of the radiator.
In general radiators are made of the following materials
Cast iron, Mild steel, Stainless steel, Aluminum, Copper &Brass
Radiator sizing is important factor while designing cooling system
We need to reject the largest amount of heat with smallest size
Fan
The fan is used for blowing the air through
the radiator tubes. It is driven by the same belt
which drives the pump ( Mechanical)
Electrical fan controlled by ECT & CTS
Thermostat Valve
A thermostat valve’s role is to control the water flow
between the engine and the radiator. Its design allows
water to flow within the engine cylinder. This happens at
a specific temperature which is around 80: 95 degrees.
When the cylinder’s water temperature falls
below this threshold, the valve restricts the flow from
pathing through the radiator
Expansion Tank
An expansion tank helps maintain a minimal pressure
increase during heated water expansion, helps reduce
coolant hammer, and helps protect the engine cooling
system from stress. Prevent coolant loss due to
overflow Works in conjunction with radiator cap
Radiator Cap
keep the cooling system under constant pressure
Vents when excess pressure to catch can ( Expansion
Tank)
Advantages & Disadvantages of Water Cooled System
Advantages Disadvantages
Some time corrosion takes place
High heat transfer rate. inside the radiator pipe or
storage.
Used at large engine Heat transfer rate goes down
after the long run
Needs regular cleaning and
Thermal Conductivity is more maintenance
High cost , more maintenance
Efficiency of water cooling is and care for parts
more.
Engine coolant
• Engine coolant, also known as antifreeze, is a crucial fluid in a
vehicle's cooling system. Its primary function is to regulate the
temperature of the engine by dissipating heat and preventing it from
overheating. Coolants come in different types and colors, and the
color is often used as a visual indicator of the type of coolant. Here
are some common types of engine coolant and their associated
colors:
Coolant Type Color Composition Common Usage Service Life
Older vehicles 2-3 years
Ethylene Glycol + Water +
Traditional Green Coolant Green or Light Green Corrosion Inhibitors
& or
some modern applications 30,000-50,000 miles
General Motors (GM) vehicles Up to 5 years
Orange or Red Coolant Organic Acids + Corrosion
Orange or Red & or
(Dex-Cool or OAT) Inhibitors
some European cars 150,000 miles
3-5 years
Organic Acids + Silicates + Various manufacturers, including
Yellow Coolant (HOAT) Yellow Corrosion Inhibitors Ford and Chrysler
or
50,000-150,000 miles
2-3 years
Inorganic Additives + Silicates +
Blue Coolant (IAT) Blue Phosphates
Less common in modern vehicles or
30,000-50,000 miles