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Science Gen Ed

The document contains a comprehensive overview of various scientific concepts and terminologies relevant to general education science, aimed at BEED and BSED September 2025 LET takers. It includes topics such as genetics, anatomy, ecology, and fundamental biological processes, along with definitions and explanations of key terms. Additionally, it provides contact information for Sir Ikel and encourages following for free discussions on the subject.

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5 views14 pages

Science Gen Ed

The document contains a comprehensive overview of various scientific concepts and terminologies relevant to general education science, aimed at BEED and BSED September 2025 LET takers. It includes topics such as genetics, anatomy, ecology, and fundamental biological processes, along with definitions and explanations of key terms. Additionally, it provides contact information for Sir Ikel and encourages following for free discussions on the subject.

Uploaded by

v5pffr7r44
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
SIR cunine, Contact Number: 09365132210 IKEL SCIENCE HUB Email: sylv.ikel21@gmailcom General Education Science Bullets by Sir Ikel (For BEED AND BSED SEPTEMBER 2025 LET TAKERS) [Follow Sir Ikel for FREE General Education Science Discussion] of electrons Most commonly used for eleciricity and steel production | Bituminous More protons than electrons Positive charge (Cation) Hottest gas ‘Acetylene Human genetic blueprint DNA ‘Number of Protons & Number of Electrons ‘Atomic Number ‘When the number of electrons does not equal the number | lonized Atom of protons More electrons than protons Negative charge (Anion) Replicates or photocopies genetic information | Protein RNA synthesis Heart pumps ___ through blood vessels, carrying oxygen | Blood and removing CO? Largest artery in the body, carries blood from the heart td) | Aorta the body ‘Atomic Number + Neutrons Mass Number Permanent alteration (e.g. burning) ‘Chemical Change ‘Most stable group in the periodic table duet full valence | Noble Gases, electron shell ‘When number of protons is always equal with thenumber | Newtral Atom Elements in Carbohydraiesi@iuipids ‘Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) Fats & Lipids Hydrophobic (water-resistant) Universal Donor O- Building blocks@F protein y ‘Amino acids Building blocks of lipids Fats Building blocks of carbohydrates Monosaccharide (sugar) Coolest a) Helium ‘Carbohydrateiaproveing Nucleic Acids Hydrophilic (water-loving) lungs > Heart Pulmonary Veins Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart Carry ‘oxygen-rich blood away from the heart ‘Gaffy oxygen-pobr blood back to the heart Veins Towest rank; alse) known as brown coal Lignite Heart > Lungs: Pulmonary Artery Noichange‘in composition (e.g. crumpling paper} Physical Change Universal Recipient ‘ABS Highest rank; hard coal with the highest carbon content| Anthracite Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart Arteries Function of Vitamin A (Retinol) Vision, immunity Function of Vitamin B Energy, brain function Function of Vitamin C ‘Antioxidant, skin, immunity Function of Vitamin D (Cholecalciferal) Bone health, calcium absorption SIR Contact Number: 09365132210 IKEL SCIENCE HUB Email: sylv.ikel21@gmailcom central Africa. Hot Air Habagat Tropical Grasslands ‘Savanna ‘Converts short-term memories to long-term; essential for | Hippocampus learning. Cause. Independent Variable “Grasslands with short grasses. ‘Steppe Hot, dry areas with scattered trees and shrubs, foundin | Savanna Internal body functions. Physiological Adaptation Ability to jump high to escape predators. Frogs Releasing antifreeze proteins in cold environments. ‘Temperaturdlhegulation: Grasslands with tall grasses, moderate temperatures, moderate rainfall, and few trees. Prairies ‘Winter sleep to survive cold weather ination ‘Summer sleep to survive hot and dry weather ‘Aestivation The factor that is manipulated or controlled. Independent Wariable Example: Sleep duration in a study on memory performance. Dry areas with rainfall less than 50 cm (20 inches) per year. | Desert Consists of multiple/interconnected/ intertwingdhfood Food Web chains. i ‘coldest biome Tundra Targest hot desert in the world . ‘Sahara Plants growing toward sunlight. Son Refers to all the different kinds of life found in an area. Biodiversity ‘Actions to survive. Behavioral Adaptations One of the largest and hottest deserts in North America Sonoran Desert a treeless region in the’Aretie and, mountain tops, with extremely harsh conitions. Tundra Body features thataid survival, ‘Structural/Physical Adaptation ‘Separation of populations dué to physical barriers. ‘Geographical isolation Responsible for fruit rioening and shedding of leaves Self-regulating procass tosmaintain Internal stability. Homeosta: Leads t@ brittle bones aid fractures. Collagen Includes bothifreshwaterand marine biomes ‘Aquatic Biomes Highest Frequeney, associatedwith cognition and ‘Gamma fifforihation processing. largest cold desert tathe world ‘Antarctica ‘Wave pattems of the ele@troencephalogram (EEG) ofan __| Sensorimotor Rhythm and Beta | awake adult. Waves Ethylene ‘Waste products of cellular respiration Carbon Dioxide, Energy, Water ‘A linear sequence of organisms, showing energy transfer. Food Chain Regulate plant growth and development (Cytokinins & Auxins Regrowth of lost body partst Regeneration Long necks to reach leaves. Giraffes Found in animal cells but not in plant cells Perform the work of lysosomes in plants ‘Centrosomes and Lysosomes Cell Walls and Vacuoles Basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cell ‘Slowest frequency; deep sleep, resiorali Delta The control center of the cell Nucleus SIR IKEL SCIENCE HUB Contact Number: 09365132210 Email: sylv.ikel21@gmailcom fragmentation Starfish Different structure, same function (e.g., bird wing and ‘Analogous Structures insect wing). Multicellular Organisms (With a true nucleus) Eukaryotes Found in animals, Fungi, protists, and plants, but not in Eukaryotic Cells bacteria (which are prokaryotic) runners Bamboos Plant biotic universal solvent ‘Water Largest planet in the Solar System Jupiter ‘New offspring from a single parent. Both physically and | genetically, they are identical to their parent cell (clones). Pine, spruce, fir, ginkgo ‘organism is split into fragments upon maturation and the splited part becomes the new individual In multicellular or colonial organisms is a cloning, where an Female reproductive structure (stigma, style, ovary) 4 Petals, Sepals, Stamens, Pistils (has all four parts). dissolves more substances than any other liquid. I (one seed leaf) Narrow, parallel veins ‘Monocots Results from the outgrowth of a part of a c iudding, region leading to a separation from the original . into two individuals. ‘capable of regrowing certain parts of its body when I Regeneration them Octopus Regeneration ‘Stamen Gymnosperms: Dicots ‘Stomata Dicots Perfect flower Phloem Lenticels Angiosperms Xylem Dicots Green pigment in plants. Chlorophyll into chemical energy. The process by which green plants transform light energy | Photosynthesis Rice, corn, sugarcane, onions, orchids ‘Monocots Site of photosynthesis in a plant.t Chloroplast Mostly unicellular eukaryotes, e.g. algae, amoeba Protists Flora (Photosynthetic auzotrophs) Plants SIR IKEL SCIENCE HUB Contact Number: 09365132210 Email: sylv.ikel21 @gmailcom ‘Saprotrophs (Decomposers) Fungi Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms Bacteria Fauna (Heterotrophic consumers) ‘Animals ‘Waste products of photosynthesis ‘Glucose and Oxygen Lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. ‘Troposphere Breathing organs of plants in the roots, beneath the Roots ground, Phobos and Deimos Mars ‘ozone layer Stratosphere protein shell ofa virus Capsid oil spill Bioremediation the nearly straight-line configuration of three celestial Syevev bodies in a gravitational system. ‘Smallest planet, no moons. Mefeury help form blood dots Platelets Jets and weather balloonst Stratosphere Measures temperature. Thermometer Measures blood pressure Sphygmomanometer Transport CO2 to be exhaled Red Blood Cells/erythrocytes Hottest planet, no moons. ‘Venus Prevents bleeding Platelets, Hot air balloons and passenger planes flyin this layat, ‘Troposphere Ringed Planet, has the most moons. ‘Saturn protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Hemoglobin protects Earth from UV rays. @ione layer The only planet where life exists Earth utermost layer Exosphere ‘Spacecraft and satelite Exosphere ‘weather occurs ‘Troposphere Materials repelléd by a magnetiefield Diamagnetic. Locates earthquakes. Seismograph blood pressure 120/80 mmHg deliver“oxygen to the tissues Red Blood Cells Coldest planebin the Solar System. Uranus Listens to heathslungs, intestifies, and blood flow ‘Stethoscope iwatefy fluid portioniof blood Plasma ‘coldest layer. Mesosphere Hottesnlayemiog the atmosphere ‘Thermosphere Measures blood sugar levelst ‘Glucometer Materials weaklyattracted by a magnetic field Paramagnetic The origin of ah Earthquake inside the Earth's crust.t Focus (Hypocenter] ‘Contains maibly oxygen and hydrogen atoms Exosphere ‘The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. Epicenter Measures oxygen saturation level ‘Oximeter ‘Outermost planet from the Sun, Neptune Measures earthquake size (P-S charming). Magnitude Materials strongly attracted by magnetst Ferromagnetic meteors burn up (shooting stars). Mesosphere time when mammals evolved Triassic Period SIR IKEL SCIE NCE HUB Contact Number: 09365132210 Email: sylv.ikel21@gmailcom ‘Automation and smart machines. Artificial Intelligence & Robotics ‘Scientific knowledge is open to change and revision Provisional Heat transfer occurs without direct contact. Radiction ‘essential for human survival. ‘Air, food, and water Are North Pole Based on experiments, observation, and evidence. Empirical ‘Antarctic region, South Polet Ethical considerations in Al development. Inclusivity & Al Governance ‘Sunlight heating homes. Radiation ‘divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Prime Meridian Results should be repeatable under the same conditions. _| Replicable: divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. | Equator Organized and follows a logical process. Systematic ‘Webbed feet for swimming Ducks, {type of fungus that feeds on dead and decaying matter -g)| Yeast (decomposer). Vertical longitude line at O° Prime Meridian, Northeast Monsoon ‘Amihan Amyedala Emotions Free from bias, based on observable phenomena Objective Effect Dependent Variable Down Syndrome Trisomy 22, Horizontal latitude line at O° Equator Dominated by trees Forest Extra Chromosome Down Syndrome Cold Air ‘Amihan Large areas characterized by thet vegetation, soll, climate, | Biomes and wildlife. Regulates hungét thirst, body temperature, and vital bodily | Hypothalamus functions. © Processes fear, apiressionand emotions. “Amyadala ‘The méastired outcome in response to the independent variable, Dependent Variable ‘The areas between the EquatOrand the North & South Poles. Zones Regulates emotions,memory, and behavior LIMBIC SYSTEM [Link]-thifd/of the Earth Forest ‘Causes heavy tains, typhoons, and floods. Habagat The largest forestin the world ‘Amazon Memories. Hippocampus ‘SouthwestMonsoon Habagst A typei6f tropical rainforest with high biodiversity. Dipterocarp Marine biomes with the greatest biodiversity. Coral Reefs Love Hypothalamus Open regions dominated by grass with a warm, dry climate. | Grasslands Brings ight rains and cold temperatures ‘Amihan’ lungs of the Earth ‘Amazon ‘Controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Medulla Oblongata (@ siR IKEL SCIENCE HUB Contact Number: 09365132210 Email: sylv.ikel21@[Link] The spreading out of light. Diffraction ‘Lunit of glucose & 1 unit of galactose Lactose Father of Medicine Hippocrates: Father of Rabies and Anthrax Vaccine Louis Pasteur Father of Behaviorism John B. Watson Father of Germ Theory Robert Koch Father of Modern Science / Telescope Galileo Galilei Father of Modern Psychology Withelm Wundt Father of the Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev! Father of Mathemati ‘Archimedes Father of Neo-Behaviorism Edward C. Tolman Father of Penicillin ‘Alexander Bleming Father of Linear Programming Georgé Dantzig Father of History Herodotus Father of Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham Father of Evolution / Natural Selection Theory Charles Darwin Father of Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud ‘genetic mutation is from mother. Hemophilia Table sugar. Sucrose "A mental disorder involving lost contact with reality Schizophrenia (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking). = Motor learning difficulties affecting coordination and) Dyspraxia movement. Trouble paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. "ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) Difficulty with social interaction and communications ‘Autism (Autism Spectrum der) Difficulty with math Dyscalculia Difficulty with spelifigand writing) Dysgraphia Difficulty reading basicsight words. Dyslexia ‘A progressive eondltion that.éauseslimemory loss and Alzheimer's Disease ‘cognitive decline. : Indigestiofs discomfortlin the upper abdomen. Dyspepsia Nearsightedness (

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