After the penetration resistance was measured, the samples were
reconsolidated together with the protruded cone rod to the same initial
effective confining stress. In all cases the resulting volume
change during reconsolidation was negligible, as indicated from
the variations in relative densities before penetration/liquefaction
tests listed in Tables 3 and 4. The specimens were then cyclically
loaded under undrained conditions with the minicone still inserted
in the sample. The load was stress-controlled and applied by a pneumatic
actuator at frequency of 0.1 Hz. The cell pressure and the porewater
pressure were measured with electric piezometers that had a
maximum capacity 500 kPa, and the axial deformation was measured
with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) that
was outside the cell and had a maximum stroke of 50 mm. As shown
in Kokusho et al. (2005), the cyclic stress ratio for liquefaction wasAfter the
penetration resistance was measured, the samples were
reconsolidated together with the protruded cone rod to the same initial
effective confining stress. In all cases the resulting volume
change during reconsolidation was negligible, as indicated from
the variations in relative densities before penetration/liquefaction
tests listed in Tables 3 and 4. The specimens were then cyclically
loaded under undrained conditions with the minicone still inserted
in the sample. The load was stress-controlled and applied by a pneumatic
actuator at frequency of 0.1 Hz. The cell pressure and the porewater
pressure were measured with electric piezometers that had a
maximum capacity 500 kPa, and the axial deformation was measured
with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) that
was outside the cell and had a maximum stroke of 50 mm. As shown
in Kokusho et al. (2005), the cyclic stress ratio for liquefaction wasAfter the
penetration resistance was measured, the samples were
reconsolidated together with the protruded cone rod to the same initial
effective confining stress. In all cases the resulting volume
change during reconsolidation was negligible, as indicated from
the variations in relative densities before penetration/liquefaction
tests listed in Tables 3 and 4. The specimens were then cyclically
loaded under undrained conditions with the minicone still inserted
in the sample. The load was stress-controlled and applied by a pneumatic
actuator at frequency of 0.1 Hz. The cell pressure and the porewater
pressure were measured with electric piezometers that had a
maximum capacity 500 kPa, and the axial deformation was measured
with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) that
was outside the cell and had a maximum stroke of 50 mm. As shown
in Kokusho et al. (2005), the cyclic stress ratio for liquefaction wasAfter the
penetration resistance was measured, the samples were
reconsolidated together with the protruded cone rod to the same initial
effective confining stress. In all cases the resulting volume
change during reconsolidation was negligible, as indicated from
the variations in relative densities before penetration/liquefaction
tests listed in Tables 3 and 4. The specimens were then cyclically
loaded under undrained conditions with the minicone still inserted
in the sample. The load was stress-controlled and applied by a pneumatic
actuator at frequency of 0.1 Hz. The cell pressure and the porewater
pressure were measured with electric piezometers that had a
maximum capacity 500 kPa, and the axial deformation was measured
with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) that
was outside the cell and had a maximum stroke of 50 mm. As shown
in Kokusho et al. (2005), the cyclic stress ratio for liquefaction was