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C Programming Assignment

The document provides an overview of dynamic memory allocation in C programming, detailing four key functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free(). It includes example programs demonstrating the use of pointers for various operations such as swapping numbers, summing values, printing array elements, reversing arrays, and solving quadratic equations. Additionally, it covers memory allocation for integers and illustrates the importance of proper memory management.

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7 views5 pages

C Programming Assignment

The document provides an overview of dynamic memory allocation in C programming, detailing four key functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free(). It includes example programs demonstrating the use of pointers for various operations such as swapping numbers, summing values, printing array elements, reversing arrays, and solving quadratic equations. Additionally, it covers memory allocation for integers and illustrates the importance of proper memory management.

Uploaded by

irakoze05divine
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

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C Programming – Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation

Q1. Four Functions Used in Dynamic Memory Allocation


1. malloc()

- Used to allocate a single block of memory.

- Syntax: ptr = (type*) malloc(size);

- It returns NULL if memory is not available.

2. calloc()

- Used to allocate multiple blocks of memory.

- Syntax: ptr = (type*) calloc(number, size);

- It initializes memory with zero.

3. realloc()

- Used to resize previously allocated memory.

- Syntax: ptr = (type*) realloc(ptr, new_size);

4. free()

- Used to release allocated memory.

- Syntax: free(ptr);
Example Program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
int *ptr;
ptr = (int*) malloc(5 * sizeof(int));

if(ptr == NULL) {
printf("Memory not allocated");
return 0;
}

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {


ptr[i] = i + 1;
}

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {


printf("%d ", ptr[i]);
}

free(ptr);
return 0;
}

Q2. Pointer to an Integer

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 10;
int *ptr = &num;

printf("Value of integer: %d\n", num);


printf("Address of integer: %p\n", &num);
printf("Value using pointer: %d\n", *ptr);

return 0;
}
Q3. Swap Two Numbers Using Pointers

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int *a, int *b) {


int temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}

int main() {
int x = 5, y = 10;
swap(&x, &y);
printf("After swap: x = %d, y = %d", x, y);
return 0;
}

Q4. Sum of Two Numbers Using Pointers

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a = 4, b = 6;
int *p1 = &a, *p2 = &b;
int sum = *p1 + *p2;

printf("Sum = %d", sum);


return 0;
}

Q5. Print Array Elements Using Pointer

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int *ptr = arr;

for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {


printf("%d ", *(ptr + i));
}
return 0;
}

Q6. Reverse an Array Using Pointers

#include <stdio.h>

void reverse(int *arr, int n) {


int *start = arr;
int *end = arr + n - 1;
int temp;

while(start < end) {


temp = *start;
*start = *end;
*end = temp;
start++;
end--;
}
}

int main() {
int arr[5] = {1,2,3,4,5};
reverse(arr, 5);

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {


printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}

Q7. Dynamically Allocate Memory for an Integer

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
int *ptr = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int));

if(ptr == NULL) {
printf("Memory not allocated");
return 0;
}

*ptr = 25;
printf("Value = %d", *ptr);

free(ptr);
return 0;
}

Q8. Quadratic Equation Using Pointers

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

void calculateRoots(float a, float b, float c, float *r1, float *r2) {


float d = b*b - 4*a*c;

if(d > 0) {
*r1 = (-b + sqrt(d)) / (2*a);
*r2 = (-b - sqrt(d)) / (2*a);
} else {
printf("Roots are imaginary");
}
}

int main() {
float a, b, c, r1, r2;

printf("Enter a, b, c: ");
scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);

calculateRoots(a, b, c, &r1, &r2);

printf("Root1 = %f\n", r1);


printf("Root2 = %f\n", r2);

return 0;
}

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