Task 1
(i) Identify the domain and range.
Domain
The domain of a function is the set of all possible input (x) values for which the function is input
(x) values for which the function is defined.
In this graph, the red curve extends continuously along the x-axis. Therefore, the domain appears
to be all real numbers:
Domain= (−¿ , ¿)
Range
The range is the set of all possible output (y) values. Based on the graph, the curve covers y-
value from approximately -10 to positive infinity, , as it stretches infinitely upwards:
Range= (−10 , ¿)
(ii) Does this graph represent a function and a one-one function. Why/Why not? Provide a
detailed explanation/justification.
Yes, this graph represents a function because it passe the vertical line test.
No, this graph is not a one-to-one function because it does not pass the horizontal line test.
Task 2
(i) Draw the graph of E(P)
(ii) Yes, E(P) is a function of P.
Reasoning: For every value of Production ($P$), there is exactly one unique value of
Export ¿(E ¿). If you draw a vertical line anywhere on the graph ¿(where ¿ ¿10 ¿) ¿it
intersects the blue line at only one point. This confirms it is a function.
(iii) Domain and Range of E(P)
Domain: Since the graph starts at P ¿ ¿ (the minimum production required) and
extends to the right indefinitely:
Domain = (1000 , ¿)
Range: Since the line starts at E(P)=0 ¿when P=10 , 00 and extends upward
indefinitely:
Range = (0 , ¿)
(iv) Given the function:
(a) For Production of 70,000:
Substitute P ¿ ¿ into the equation
E(70,000)¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
E¿¿
Answer: The export is 60,000.
(b) For Production of 20,000:
Substitute P ¿ ¿ into the equation:
E(20,000)¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
E¿¿
(v) Independent variable: P (production in thousands of thousands of avocados).
Dependent variable: E(P) (export in thousands of avocados).
These variables are described as such because the export E(P) depends on the level of
production P (Yoshiwara, 2020).
Task 3
The following graph (representing f and g) illustrates the relationship between the weights (y in
tons) of two animals and their respective lengths (x in feet).
(i) In the event of intersection on the graph, determine the rates of change in length
concerning weight for both categories. What conclusions can be drawn from this?
Solution:
By calculating the derivatives of the functions with respect to weight, we can
determine the rates of change in length for both functions at the intersection with
respect to weight.
Given
Function for f: y = x2
Function for g: y = 5x
Let's calculate the derivatives at the intersection of (5, 25).
¿ {dy }{dx } ¿ ¿ ¿ ast ¿ ¿ ¿
Therefore, at the point of intersection, the rate of change in length with respect to
weight for function f is 10 feet per ton.
For g:
g(x) = 5x
¿ {dg }{dy }¿ ¿
At the point of intersection (5, 25):
¿ {dg }{dy }¿ ¿
Therefore, at the point of intersection, the rate of change in length with respect to
weight for function g is 5 feet per ton.
Conclusion:
When it comes to weight, the quadratic function f represents a faster growth in length than
the linear function g. This implies that, in comparison to the animal represented by function
g, the animal represented by function f may experience a faster increase in length as its
weight increases.
(ii) Select any two points on each of the graphs f and g (designated as C and D on f, and
E and F on g, excluding O and A), and calculate the slopes of the lines CD and EF
connecting them. What insights can be inferred about their slopes within the context
of the problem? Please discuss your findings.
Solution:
For function f (y = x2)
Let point C be (2,4)
Let point D be (4,16)
Slope for CD:
yD− yC
mCD =
x D −x C
16−4
mCD =
4−2
12
mCD =
2
mCD =6
For function g( y=5 x ):
Let point E be (1, 5)
Let point F be (3, 15)
Slope for line EF:
yF− y E
m EF=
x F −x E
15−5
m EF=
3−1
10
m EF=
2
m EF=5
Slope of line CD connecting two points on function f ( y=x 2) is 6
Slope of line EF connecting two points on function g( y =5 x ) is 5
Function f has a steeper slope than function g, meaning that compared to function g, function f
increases in weight with length at a faster rate during the specified intervals. This implies that, in
the context of the issue, animals represented by function f may grow longer than animals
represented by function g for a given increase in weight.
Task 4
Use the following graph to explain the local extrema of the function at the given points. Explain
clearly how they differ from maximum and minimum values of function. Determine the intervals
of all extrema shown in the graph (mention the intervals with the names Ex: (A, B) and specify
whether they are increasing or decreasing).
The graph appears to be oscillating or periodic, switching between peaks and valleys, based
on the coordinates provided. Every point alternate between the function's maximum and
minimum values.
Local Extrema:
The function appears to reach a local maximum at points A, C, E, and G, where it does so
within a specific interval.
The function appears to reach a local minimum at points B, D, F, and H, where it reaches
its lowest point within a specific interval.
Difference from Maximum and Minimum Values:
Points within a given interval where the function's value is either higher or lower than its
neighboring points are known as local extrema. They don't always indicate the highest
point or lowest point of the graph.
Conversely, maximum and minimum values denote the function's exact highest and
lowest points over its entire domain.
Intervals of Extrema:
The segments that occur at increasing and decreasing intervals between successive
extrema alternate.
Here are the intervals between the extrema:
Between A and B: decreasing interval
Between B and C: increasing interval
Between C and D: decreasing interval
Between D and E: increasing interval
Between E and F: decreasing interval
Between F and G: increasing interval
Between G and H: decreasing interval
(Abramson, 2023).
Task 5
a. Individuals earning up to $2200 are taxed at a flat rate of 10% of their income.
b. For those with incomes exceeding $2200 and up to $8945, the taxation scheme is
bifurcated:
The first $2200 of income is taxed at 10%.
The remainder, above $2200 and up to $8945, is taxed at a rate of 18.5%.
c. If an individual's income surpasses $8945, the taxation policy is delineated as follows:
The initial $2200 of income is taxed at 10%.
The subsequent income, above $2200 and up to $8945, is taxed at 18.5%.
Any income exceeding $8945 is taxed at a rate of 30%.
Based on the above scenario, answer the following questions:
(i) Represent the above rule that country W has made as a piecewise function
mathematically using the symbol ≤ or any other relevant symbol.
The following is an expression for the piecewise function that represents country W's taxation
policy:
{
0.10 x if x ≤ 2200
f (x)= 0.10× 2200+0.185 x−2200 if 2200 , x ≤ 8945
0.10 × 2200+0.185 × ( 8945−2200 ) +0.30 ( x−8945 ) if x >8945
(Stitz & Zeager, 2013).
(ii) Take any income that comes in each slab from the country W and calculate the tax for each
segment.
Solution:
For income up to $2200:
Tax rate: 10%
Income: $2000
Tax = 0.10 * $2000 = $200
For income exceeding $2200 and up to $8945:
First $2200 taxed at 10%
Remaining income taxed at 18.5%
Income: $5000
Tax on first $2200 = 0.10 * $2200 = $220
Tax on remaining ($5000 - $2200) = 0.185 * ($5000 - $2200) = $477.50
Total tax = $220 + $477.50 = $697.50
For income exceeding $8945:
First $2200 taxed at 10%
Income between $2200 and $8945 taxed at 18.5%
Remaining income taxed at 30%
Income: $10000
Tax on first $2200 = 0.10 * $2200 = $220
Tax on income between $2200 and $8945 = 0.185 * ($8945 - $2200) = $1387.25
Tax on remaining ($10000 - $8945) = 0.30 * ($10000 - $8945) = $166.50
Total tax = $220 + $1387.25 + $166.50 = $1773.75
References
Yoshiwara, K. (2020). Modeling, functions, and graphs. . American Institute of Mathematics.
Abramson, J. (2023). Algebra and trigonometry (2nd ed.). OpenStax.
[Link] licensed under CC 4.0
Stitz, C., & Zeager, J. (2013). College algebra. Stitz Zeager Open Source
Mathematics. [Link]