Week 3 Notes 9.

Digital Tape Measures Digital display,

Hand Tools Classifications often with memory functions.
Hand tools can be categorized into Measuringdistances with digital readout.
various groups, each serving specific 10. Laser Levels Project a laser line to
purposes. Consequently, these groups establish straight and level lines. Ensuring
are utilized in different situations and for straight
and level lines for construction.
other
tasks. Here are some prevalent 11. Digital multimeters -Digital display:
measure voltage, current, resistance, etc.
classifications you may encounter
Testing and troubleshooting electrical
regarding hand components.
tools.
1. Holding tools – bench vise, pipe vise,
wood lathe machine, clamps
2. Driving tools – hammers, rubber Essentials: Common Hand Tools
mallets, and screwdrivers 1. Hammers – are used to drive nails, fit parts,
3. Measuring tools – push-pull tape, forge metal, and break apart objects.
● Claw Hammer: Most used for driving and
caliper, ruler, measuring wheel, meter removing nails.
stick, ● Ball-peen Hammer: For peening rivets and
wire gauge shaping metal.
4. Guiding tools- plumb bob, level hose ● Sledgehammer: Heavy-duty hammer for
more significant tasks.
5. Tooth Cutting tools – handsaw, 2. Screwdrivers - essential for driving or
hacksaw. coping saw removing screws.
6. Marking tools– pencil, chalk line reel, ● Flat head: For slotted screws.
● Phillips: Cross shaped, for Phillips screws.
divider, scratch awl 3. Wrenches - gripping, fastening, turning, or
7. Edge cutting tools-chisel, plane, loosening objects.
spokeshave, ● Open-end and Box-end Wrenches: For nuts
8. Boring tools- gimlet, bradawl, hand and bolts.
drill ● Adjustable Wrench: Jaws can be adjusted for
9. Gripping and squeezing tools- pliers, various sizes.
4. Calipers - used to measure the distance
vise grip, wrenches between two opposite sides of an object.
Different Types of Hand Tools Hand ● Vernier Caliper: Offers precision
Usage measurements.
1. Hammer ● Digital Caliper: Provides digital reading.
Hammers are versatile tools with a metal head 5. Precision screwdrivers - for delicate tasks
for striking force and a handle for gripping and like repairing electronics or eyeglasses.
control. ● Flathead, Phillips, and Torx: Available in much
They are essential for driving nails, shaping smaller sizes.
metal, and breaking objects apart. 6. Riveters - used to drive rivets.
● Hand Riveter: Manual tool requiring physical
2. Screwdrivers Screwdrivers are hand force.
7. Handsaw - a manual cutting tool with a
tools with a handle and a shaft ending in a tip,
toothed blade designed for cutting wood or
designed to fit into the head of a screw to turn
other materials
it. They come in various types and sizes, each
by hand.
suited for specific screw head types and
applications. Driving or removing screws. ● Rip saw, Crosscut saw, Combination Rip
andCrosscut saw, Hacksaw, Coping saw
3. Wrenches -It comes in different types,
including open-end, box-end, and adjustable
wrenches, each tailored for specific tasks and Power Tools
fastener types. Turning nuts, bolts, and other
fasteners. a combination of two (2) power
4. Calipers Adjustable jaws for measuring sources: hydraulic and pneumatic.
internal and external dimensions. Precise
measurement of Although specific actuators and lifting
physical dimensions. devices may operate solely on
5. Precision Screwdrivers Small-scale electricity
screwdrivers, often with a revolving top for through a screw system, most
ease. Working with tiny screws, often in applications will involve some form of
eelectronics.
fluid power.
6. Riveters -A hand tool used to apply rivets. This leaves you with the option of
Joining two pieces of metal or other materials.
choosing between hydraulics and
7. Handsaw Handheld device to drive metal
staples into materials. Fastening paper, cloth, pneumatics.
or other The distinction between pneumatics
materials together. and hydraulics is based on the
8. Pliers -Pliers are hand tools with two levers medium
joined at a fulcrum, featuring jaws or pincers at used for power transmission.
one end and handles at the other. They are Pneumatics rely on compressible
used for gripping, bending, cutting, and holding
objects. Pliers come in various types, such as gases such as air
needle-nose, cutting, and locking pliers, each or pure gas. At the same time,
suited for specific tasks and materials. hydraulics use incompressible liquids
. like mineral
oil, ethylene glycol, water, synthetic with a lifting mechanism to lift heavy objects. It
fluids, or high-temperature resistant is simple in
structure, light in weight, easy to carry, and
fluids easy to move.
to enable power transmission.
Hydraulic puller—This is an ideal new tool to
Common Pneumatic Tools replace traditional pullers. It has a compact
1. Air impact wrenches -. powerful tools structure, flexible use, convenient carrying and
commonly used for loosening or tightening operation, fewer restrictions on site, etc. It is
bolts and nuts with high torque. suitable for various
maintenance places. If the handle slightly
[Link] drill – a handheld airpowered swings back and forth, the hydraulic starting
tool that drills holes or destroys hard surfaces
lever moves forward, the hook claws retreat
such as rock, concrete, and roads
-220v/
correspondingly, and the object can be pulled
3. Air hammer - It uses compressed air to out.
drive a hammering piston that delivers
repeated impacts to the attached chisel or tool Hydraulic nut cutters - are also called nut
bit. cutters. In some industries, for rusted nuts that
1 cannot be disassembled, a nut cutter can be
Hand tools Uses used to cut the bolt without damage to the bolt
1. Plier/Combination Pliers Cutting and easily, and the bolt can be used next time.
twisting wires Hydraulic press - is a mechanical press that
[Link] inflator—A simple tire inflator is a utilizes hydraulic cylinders to generate
popular air tool, even with general consumers compression force. It uses the hydraulic
(rather than equivalent of a mechanical lever, also known
industrial workshop users). There are several as a Brahma press. Hydraulic crimpers are
tire inflators; some use air pumps (cars and tools used to connect the ends of two cables,
bikes), balls, mattresses, etc., to inflate tires. A wires, or similar flexible materials, such as
tire inflator with a dedicated air compressor will hydraulic
be necessary for heavy workloads and inflating hoses, to match hose ends. The tool allows the
large tires (for trucks and user to create a crimp connection through a
semi-trucks). hydraulic fluid mechanism that transfers force
5. Paint sprayer - Spray painting is another from the user to the tool.
essential application of compressed air. One of
the simplest
paint sprayers is an airbrush. You can use : Instruments (Analog, Digital, and
these sprayers with cars, mural painting, Computer-based) and Equipment
artists, building
models, and even tee shirt painting. A slightly
and Accessories
advanced paint sprayer is a Paint Gun. This What is an Analog Instrument?
paint sprayer has a paint pot at the bottom of An analog instrument shows the
the handle and is often used for painting large measurement results either in a wave or
equipment and surfaces. by the
deflection of a pointer on an analog
The Gravity Feed Paint Sprayer is a trendy
paint gun in the automotive paint industry. A
scale. Analog instruments work on the
paint reservoir is at the top of the handle, and principle
the paint flows through the trigger handle to of electromagnetic induction, consisting
the nozzle. of a magnet (permanent or
electromagnet)
Air Tools make the job easy and fast, and a coil through which the current
whether drilling holes, flows. The measurement is then
tightening/loosening nuts/bolts, performed by
demolishing roads/buildings, inflating the interaction between the magnet's
tires, magnetic field and the magnetic field
painting, etc. They are also known as produced
Pneumatic Tools as they use by the electric current in the coil, and
compressed the results of the measurement are
air as the energy source (in contrast to generally
fuel electricity). We saw the basics of shown by the deflection of a pointer on
a scale.
air
tools, how they work, and different
Hydraulic Tools Pneumatic
types of air tools, along with their
Examples of analog instruments include:
uses. 1. Analog multimeter – a device that
Common Hydraulic Tools measures electrical quantities such as
Hydraulic Wrench - A conventional hydraulic
torque wrench kit generally comprises a
voltage,
hydraulic torque wrench, a particular hydraulic current, and resistance.
pump station for hydraulic torque wrenches, a 2. Analog thermometer – a device that
double high measures temperature using a liquid-
pressure hose, and a high strength heavy-duty filled tube or coil that expands or
socket. contracts in response to temperature
Hydraulic
changes.
Jack - a jack that uses a plunger or a hydraulic 3. Analog pressure gauge – a device
cylinder as a rigid jacking member. Simple used to measure the pressure of gases
lifting equipment is generally only equipped or
liquids using a mechanical mechanism audio engineering, and radio frequency
to display the pressure reading on a dial (RF) testing to analyze and diagnose
physically. signals.
4. Analog oscilloscope – a device used to 4. Logic Analyzer—A logic analyzer is a
measure and display voltage signals device used to capture and analyze
over digital
time using a cathode-ray tube to signals in a system. It is commonly used
represent the signal visually. in computer hardware development
5. Analog caliper – a device used to and debugging to test and diagnose
measure the distance between two digital circuits.
points using 5. Data Acquisition System—A data
a slider with a scale and pointer to acquisition system is a computer-based
indicate the measurement. instrument that measures and records
physical phenomena such as
What is a Digital Instrument? temperature, pressure, or vibration. It
A digital instrument is a measuring typically consists of sensors, signal
instrument that represents the output in conditioning hardware, and software for
the data analysis.
form of digits on a screen (LCD or LED). 6. Power Quality Analyzer—A power
The principle of a digital instrument is quality analyzer is a device used to
based measure
on the binary number system where two and analyze electrical power quality in a
binary digits (0 and 1) denote two system. It is commonly used in
distinct industrial and commercial applications
values. Digital instruments are made of to monitor voltage sags, harmonics, and
solid-state devices such as diodes, other power disturbances.
transistors, MOSFETs, LEDs, etc. The 7. Temperature Calibrator—A
results shown by the digital instruments temperature calibrator is a device that
are calibrates
straightforward and accurate. Some and tests temperature sensors and
common examples of digital instruments instruments. It can simulate different
are temperature ranges to ensure the
digital multimeters, digital ammeters accuracy of temperature measurement
and voltmeters, digital energy meters, devices.
digital 8. Pressure Gauge Calibration System –
speedometers, etc. a pressure gauge calibration system is a
Examples of Digital instruments include: computer-based instrument to calibrate
1. Digital Caliper : hand, tool, and test pressure gauges and sensors.
meter, measuring instrument, digital It can generate and measure pressure
caliper, vernier caliper, calipers levels to verify the accuracy of pressure
[Link] Multimeter measurement devices.
Source: Cjp24. (2011, November Equipment and Accessories:
10). Français : Multimètre à 1. Construction services—Equipment
affichage numérique (modèle and accessories could include concrete
Voltcraft 401).English: Digital mixers, dump trucks, loaders, cranes,
multimeter (model Voltcraft scaffolding, and safety gear.
2. Electro-mechanical services—
3. Digital Measuring
Equipment and accessories could
Tape
include
4. Digital Weighing
electronic components such as circuit
Scale boards, machinery parts such as gears
Some examples of computer-based and motors, and tools such as soldering
instruments in industrial arts include: irons.
1. Car Scanner – a car scanner is a 3. Electrical services—Equipment and
common tool in the automotive industry accessories could include wiring,
used by automotive technicians and switches,
engineers to read trouble codes outlets, and tools such as wire cutters
generated by the vehicle system
and voltage testers.12
2. Oscilloscope—An oscilloscope is a
4. Automotive and small engine services
device that measures and displays
– equipment and accessories could
voltage
include diagnostic tools such as OBD
signals as a waveform. It is commonly
scanners, replacement parts such as
used in electronics and
spark plugs and filters, and maintenance
telecommunications to analyze and
tools such as wrenches and socket
diagnose circuit problems.
sets.
3. Spectrum Analyzer—A spectrum
analyzer is a device used to measure
the
frequency spectrum of a signal. It is
commonly used in telecommunications,