St.
Nicholas Catholic School of Anda
High School Department
Anda, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2021-2022
Learning Module
In
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS SERVICING
NAME:_____________________________________________________
Grade/Strand:__________________________________________
Teacher: JOMAR A. MANZANO
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Lesson 1: Consumer Electronics Servicing
Introduction
The field of electronics is a branch of physics and electrical engineering that deals with the emission, behavior and
effects of electrons using electronic devices. Electronics uses active devices to control electron flow by amplification and
rectification, which distinguishes it from classical electrical engineering, which only uses passive effects such as
resistance, capacitance and inductance to control electric current flow.
As you go through this module, keep on thinking this question: Why it is that electronics is very important in our modern
word?
Learning competencies
1. Prepare hand tools
2. Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment
3. Select measuring instruments
4. Carry out measurements and calculations
5. Maintain measuring instruments
6. Identify different kinds of technical drawings
7. Interpret technical drawing
8. Prepare/Make changes in electrical/electronic schematics and diagrams
9. Identify health hazards and occupational risks
10. Observe occupational and safety practices
11. Maintain hand tools and equipment
12. Perform basic preventive maintenance of electronic tools and equipment
Module Map
Electronics Equipment
Good or defective EC
Hand tools
Electronics Component
Explore:
ACTIVITY 1. 4 PIC 1 WORD
Identify the word that describes the 4 pictures. Use the jumbled letters as your clue
SCINORTCELE
ACTIVITY 2. Map of Conceptual Change
In this activity, you’re going to give your initial ideas about our lesson. Please be guided with the essential question.
Write your answer in the before session column.
Before Session Essential Question After Session
Why it is that electronics is very
important in our modern word?
End of EXPLORE: Now that you already have an initial insight about our lesson, in the next section of the lesson, you are
going to learn the basic foundation of electronics.
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FIRM - UP
ACTIVITY 3. USE HAND TOOLS
Definition of Terms
Accidental - occurring unexpectedly,
unintentionally, or by chance.
Alternating current - an electric current that is
continually varying in value and reversing its
direction of flow at regular interval
Anode - a positive electrode of semiconductor
device
Capacitance - a property that exists whenever two
conductors are separated by insulating material,
permitting the storage of electricity
Capacitor - a component designed intentionally to
have a definite amount of capacitance
Circuit - an arrangement of one or more complete
paths of electron flow.
Conductor - a wire, cable, or other body or medium
that is suitable for carrying electric current
Current - the rate of transfer of electricity from one
point to another
Desoldering - a process of unsoldering unwanted
parts or components in the circuit with the support of
soldering tool
Dielectric material - a material that serves as insulator because it has poor electric conductivity
Direct current - an electric current that flows in one direction
Discrete components- separated or individual components
Electronics - a branch of science and technology that deals with the controlled flow of electrons
Flammable - tending to burn quickly
Hazards - risks; dangers
Malfunction - not in normal functionality
Ohmmeter - an instrument that measures the amount of resistance in certain component or circuits
Resistance - the opposition that a component or material offers to the flow current
Resistor – a component designed intentionally to have a definite amount of resistance
Soldering - a process of joining two metals caused by heat
Soldering technique - a right process in which the solder (lead) is being applied in a connection or in the
printed circuit board
Splicing – connecting two lengths of conductor
Technician - a person skilled in mechanical or industrial techniques or in a particular technical field
Tool kit - a small bag or box equipped with hand tools
Troubleshooting - identifying and repairing faults in equipment
Voltage - the electrical pressure that existed between two points and capable of producing a flow of current
when a close circuit is connected between the points.
Voltmeter - an instrument that measures the amount of electromotive force in a component or circuit.
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
VOM – Volt-Ohm-Millimeter
Basic Hand Tools
Driving of Tools
1. Screwdrivers are hand tools specifically designed to insert
and tighten, or to loosen and remove screws.
a. Slotted Screwdriver is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws.
b. Phillips Screwdriver – used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is a screwdriver that could take
greater torque and could provide tighter fastenings.
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Soldering Tools
1. Soldering Iron – is a device for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal parts. A soldering iron is
composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to
printed circuit boards, other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (20-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.
2. Soldering Tool Stand – is a place where the soldering iron is placed during
usage. This will keep the soldering iron away from flammable materials. The
stand often comes with a sponge used in cleaning the tip of the soldering iron.
3. Desoldering tool is used in removing soldered wires and components on
printed circuit boards for troubleshooting and repair purposes.
Splicing Tools
1. Long Nose is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic
component or connecting wires.
2. Side Cutter is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn
anything, but are used to cut wires.
3. Wire Stripper is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters.
The addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire.
Boring Tools
1. 12V Mini-Drill – is used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit board (PCB) with sizes from 1/32” – 1/16”.
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2. Portable Electric Drill is used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the used of drill bits having
sizes from 1/6” to approximately 1/4”.
Exercise A. Direction: Match the different hand tools with their actual pictures. Write the letter on the blank.
______1. Desoldering tool
______2. Soldering iron
______3. Soldering stand
______4. Long nose pliers
______5. Portable electric drill
______6. Paint brush
______7. Hacksaw
______8. Side-cutter
______9. Wire splicer
_____10. Magnifying glass
ACTIVITY 4. Electronic equipment
Aside from hand tools, equipment are also needed for more accurate and quality output. In this connection,
three of the most used equipment are presented here for you to be familiar with their uses and the proper way
of maintaining them.
a. Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter (VOM). It is an equipment that combines three functions: as a voltmeter that
measures both ac and dc voltages; an ohmmeter that measures resistance; and milliammeter that measures
small amount of dc current.
b. Oscilloscope. An oscilloscope (commonly abbreviated CRO, for cathode-ray oscilloscope, or scope) is a
piece of electronic test equipment that allows signal voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-dimensional graph
of one or more electrical potential differences (vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some other
voltage (horizontal axis).
c. Signal generator. A signal generator is a device which produces simple wave forms.
Common Faults in Using Hand Tools
Pliers:
Do not increase the handle length of pliers to gain more leverage. Use a larger pair of pliers or bolt cutters if
necessary.
Do not substitute pliers for a wrench when turning bolts and nuts. Pliers cannot grip these items properly
and might cause a slip and create an accident.
Never use pliers as a hammer on the handle. Such abuse is likely to result in cracks or breaks.
Cut hardened wires only with pliers designed for that purpose.
Always cut the wires in right angle. Never rock from side to side or bend wire back and forth against the
cutting edges.
Screwdrivers:
Never use screwdrivers as a pry bar, chisel, and punch stirrer or scraper.
Never use screwdrivers with broken or worn-out handles. Screwdrivers of these kinds should have tags to
indicate that it is defective.
Never use pliers on a screwdriver for extra leverage. Only use wrench or screwdrivers specifically designed
for purpose.
Utility Knives/ Blades:
Do not use dull blades because they require more force, thus are more likely to slip.
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Replace the blade when it starts to “tear” instead of cut.
Never leave a knife unattended with the blade exposed.
Don’t bend or apply side loads to blades by using them to open cans or loosen tight cover of containers.
Blades are brittle and can snap easily.
Exercise A. Direction: Match Column A with Column B
A B
____1. Cut the insulation without cutting the wire a. Screwdriver
____2. Drill holes in the printed circuit board b. Long nose
____3. Tighten, loosen or remove screws c. Wire stripper
____4. Remove soldered wires d. 12 V Mini-drill
____5. Hold, bend, stretch the lead of electronic
component or connecting wires e. Desoldering tool
____6. Cut metals f. Paint brush
____7. Clean dirty parts of an object g. Hacksaw
____8. Produce a magnified image of an object h. Signal generator
i. Magnifying glass
ACTIVITY 5. Disassembly and assembly of the circuit
Desoldering
At some stage, you will probably need to desolder a joint to remove or
reposition a wire or component. The easiest and most common way is the
use of desoldering pump. Shown below is the proper way of removing
electronic components from the circuit using a desoldering tool.
Removing components in PCB using a desoldering pump (solder
sucker)
1. Set the pump by pushing the spring-loaded plunger down until it locks.
2. Apply both the pump nozzle and the tip of your soldering iron to the joint.
3. Wait a second or two for the solder to melt.
4. Then press the button on the pump to release the plunger and suck the molten solder
into the tool.
5. Repeat if necessary to remove as much solder as possible.
6. The pump will need emptying occasionally by unscrewing the nozzle.
SOLDERING
Step 1 – Melting the Solder - This is the very first step in the entire wave soldering
process. It is the basic requirement of the process to melt the solder. The wave soldering
machine has solder contained in a tank.
Step 2 – Cleaning the Components - This is a very crucial step to be carried out. The
components to be soldered are cleaning thoroughly in this step. If any oxide layers are
formed on the components, then they are removed. This is done by the process called
fluxing. There are two main types of fluxing – corrosive (high acidity) and noncorrosive
(high acidity).
Step 3 – Placement of the PCB - After melting the solder and cleaning the
components to be soldered, the printed circuit board is placed on the melted solder. The
board is held with the metal clasps of the machine, which ensure the firm positioning
and placement of the PCB.
Step 4 – Application of Solder - Now that the PCB is placed properly, molten solder is
applied, and is allowed to settle. Sufficient time is given to this step to allow the solder to
settle into the joints completely, and ensure no bumps are formed.
Step 5 – Cleaning- This is the final step in the wave soldering process. Any flux
residues formed during the process are cleaned in this step. The circuit board is washed
and cleaned with the help of deionized water and solvents.
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Exercise A. ACTUAL DEMONSTRATION : Perform using soldering iron
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Score
Proper use of tool
Quality of work
Speed
Total
Exercise B. ACTUAL DEMONSTRATION: Perform desoldering of electronics component
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Score
Proper use of tool
Quality of work
Speed
Total
ACTIVITY 6. ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS
Definition of Terms
Ampere - basic unit of current
Current - the flow of electrons moving in a given direction
Electronic measuring instrument - portable instruments used to measure electrical quantities such as
current, voltage, and resistance
Ohmmeter - an electronic instrument used to measure resistance of a component or the entire circuit
Ohmmeter scale - section of the ohmmeter where the value of the resistance is being indicated
Range multiplier - a portion in the ohmmeter where the actual reading is multiplied by the range value
Resistance - the opposition to the flow of electrons
Resistor - an electronic component that is used to offer opposition to current in an electrical circuit
Resistor color coding - a scheme to determine the value of resistors by color bands printed on their bodies
as code
Test Probes - connectors connected to terminals of the VOM and component’s terminals or test points in a
circuit to be tested. They are oftentimes red and black in color
Tolerance - the fourth color in the 3-band color coding that indicates the percentage of deviation from its color
coded value
Volt - basic unit of voltage
Voltage - an electrical pressure that pushes current to flow within a load through a conductor
Zero-ohm adjuster - part of the ohmmeter that is used in adjusting the pointer of the ohmmeter to zero before
resistance measurements or continuity tests are made.
1. Resistor is a discrete component that offers opposition to the flow of current. Resistors have different types
in accordance with the material used like carbon-composition and the wirewound resistor. According to
construction, we have the fixed resistor and the variable resistor.
Types of resistor
Carbon-composition Resistors in band
resistors
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Variable Resistor (Slide Variable Resistor (Rotary
type) type)
One distinct feature of this resistance -
giving component is the way its value is determined. It uses a set of colors which follows a code for its
assumed resistance expressed in OHMS.
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EXAMPLE: 2. Yellow – Violet – Yellow - Silver
1. BROWN - BLACK - BROWN - GOLD
4 7 x 10000 ± 10%
1 0 X 10 ± 5% 47 x 10000 = 470,000 Ohms ± 10%
10 X 10 = 100 OHMS ± 5% or 470K ohms ±10%
Exercise A. Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. Write the letter only.
1. What is the value of a resistor with the following colors:
Green - Black- orange - Gold?
A) 500 Ohms ± 5% C) 50K ohms ± 5%
B) 5K Ohms ± 5% D) 500 K Ohms ± 5%
2. What is the color of the tolerance representing ± 5%?
A) Gold B) Black C) Orange D) Silver
3. 5 in the second band of the resistor color coding means
A) Brown B) Green C) Red D) Yellow
4. Which component is a discrete type?
A) Power IC B) Regulator IC C) Resistor D) Digital IC
5. Resistor is a component that resists the flow of _____________.
A) Current B) Capacitance C) Power D) Voltage
CAPACITORS
A capacitor is a device that consists essentially of two conducting surfaces separated by a dielectric material
like air, paper, mica, ceramic, glass, or Mylar. It makes it possible to store electric energy. Electrons are
detained within a capacitor. This, in effect, is stored electricity. It is known as electrical potential or an
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electrostatic field. Electrostatic field hold electrons. When the increase of electrons becomes great enough, the
electrical potentials are now ready to be discharged.
The component is designed intentionally to have a definite amount of capacitance. This capacitance is a
property that exists whenever insulating material permits the storage of electricity. It is measured in Farad (F)
micro Farad (μF), nano Farad (nF), and
picoFarad (pF).
Types of capacitors
Aluminum Electrolytic Ceramic Capacitors
Capacitors (polarized)
Variable capacitors
Semiconductor Diodes
Diodes – allows the flow of current in one direction only.
Rectifier Zener LED
2. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT)
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Transistors are one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semiconductor
material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.
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NPN PNP
Symbol
Picture
3. Integrated Circuit (IC)
Exercise B. Match the electronic and electrical symbols in Column A with the corresponding descriptions in
column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
A B
A. Capacitor
_______1.
B. Transistor
_______2.
C. Transform
_______3.
D. Fuse
E. Resistor
_______4.
F. Diode
_______5.
ACTIVITY 5. IDENTIFY ELECTRONICS COMPONENT IN A CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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The following are the equivalent diagram of electronics component.
Exercise A. Identify the electronic components which are encircled in the given circuit diagram of a power amplifier
below.
4.
1.
5.
2.
3.
End of Firm-up
Now that you already know the basic electronics component, in the next part of the lesson, you are going deepen that
knowledge by undertaking actual demonstration activities.
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ACTIVITY 6. ACTUAL DEMONSTRATION
Direction: Identify electronics component in a circuit Board
Observation Checklist
Students name:
Teachers name:
Date of observation
Description of Identify Electronic Components in a Circuit board
assessment
Location of assessment
activity
The Student can…… If yes, put a check
identify resistors
2. identify capacitors
3. identify diodes
4. identify transistors
5. identify transformers
Score
Feedback to student
Teachers signature: Date:
ACTIVITY 7. DEMONSTRATE PROPER USE OF (VOM) Volt-Ohm-Miliammeter
Parts of VOM
Proves Scale
Zero Ohm
Adjust
POINTER
Range
Multiplier
1. Pointer. It is the most important part of the ohmmeter. It indicates the value of electrical quantity that has
been measured.
2. Ohmmeter Scale- Nonlinear scale where reading of the resistance is based. It is usually found in the
uppermost part of the VOM.
3. Range Multiplier- The portion of the ohmmeter where the actual reading is being multiplied.
4. Zero Ohm Adjustment – It is the portion of the ohmmeter where it is adjusted when the pointer of the
ohmmeter fails to point to zero.
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EXERCISE A. ACTUAL DEMONSTRATION
Observation Checklist
Students name:
Teachers name:
Date of observation
Description of Demonstrate Proper use of VOM
assessment
Location of assessment
activity
The Student can…… If yes, put a check
identify the appropriate scale to use
2. set up the multiplier to the proper range
3. can read accurate measurement
Score
Feedback to student
Teachers signature: Date:
ACTIVITY 2. Map of Conceptual Change
In this activity, you’re going to give your final ideas about our lesson. Please be guided with the essential question. Write
your answer in the after session column.
Before Session Essential Question After Session
Why it is that electronics is very
important in our modern word?
End of Deepen: Now that you already deepen your skills in electronics circuit, you are going to apply that skills to
identify good and defective electronics component.
TRANSFER: Actual Demonstration
Identify Good or Defective Electronics Component
Observation Checklist
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Students name:
Teachers name:
Date of observation
Description of Identify Good or Defective Electronics Component
assessment
Location of assessment
activity
The Student can…… If yes, put a check
Score
Feedback to student
Teachers signature: Date:
Reference
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum
Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module
CONSUMER
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