Genex Computer
Academy
DCA & DCA-A
Diploma in Computer Application-
Accounting
Kanishk Gupta
GENEX COMPUTER
1. Fundamental of Computer 1-6
2. Computer System
3. Computer Hardware
4. Storge Unit of Computer
5. Computer Essentials
6. Structures of Computer
7. History of Computer
8. Artificial Intelligence
9. Number System
10. User Interface
11. Operating System
12. Shortcut of Computer
13. MS Word 365
14. MS Excel 365
15. MS PowerPoint 365
16. Accounting
17. Introduction to Tally Prime
18. Goods & Services Tax
19. Payroll in Tally Prime
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Computer :- A Computer is an electronic device that accepts raw data as Input, processes it
according to a set of instructions (program), and produces the result as Output. It also has the
ability to Store data for future use.
The word "Computer" is derived from the Latin word "Computare," which means to calculate.
However, modern computers do much more than just calculations; they handle logic, data
management, and communication.
1. Speed :- Speed is one of the main characteristics of a computer. It refers to the time taken by a
computer to perform a specific task. A computer works much faster than a human being. It can
perform millions (1,000,000+) of calculations in just one second.
➢ Units of Speed (Frequency): The speed of the processor is measured in Hertz (Hz).
• Hz: 1 Cycle per second.
• MHz (Megahertz): Millions of cycles per second.
• GHz (Gigahertz): Billions of cycles per second (Most modern computers work in GHz).
Units of Time (Processing Time):
In diploma exams, it is important to mention how small the time units are. Computers process data
in:
• Millisecond (ms): $1/1000$ of a second (10-3)
• Microsecond (ms): $1/1,000,000$ of a second (106)
• Nanosecond (ns): $1/1,000,000,000$ of a second (10-9)
• Picosecond (ps): $1/1,000,000,000,000$ of a second (10-12)
2. Arithmetical and logical Operation
These are the mathematical calculations performed by the computer. The data is processed using
standard mathematical operators.
• Function: To calculate values.
• Result: The output is always a number.
• Basic Operations:
o Addition (+): Adding two numbers (e.g., 5 + 5 = 10).
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o Subtraction (-): Finding the difference (e.g., 10 - 4 = 6).
o Multiplication (*): Multiplying numbers (e.g., 5 * 4 = 20).
o Division (/): Dividing numbers (e.g., 20 / 2 = 10).
[Link]:- Accuracy refers to the degree of correctness. Computers are 100% accurate
machines. If a computer is provided with the correct data and instructions, the result produced will
always be perfectly correct.
Unlike humans, computers do not make calculation errors due to tiredness, boredom, or lack of
concentration.
(i). Zero Errors: A computer can perform millions of complex calculations (like dividing 10-digit
numbers) without making a single mistake.
(ii). Consistency: If you ask a computer to calculate 2 + 2 one million times, it will give the answer
"4" every single time. It will never make a mistake on the 99th time.
(iii). Source of Errors: If an error occurs, it is likely due to:
• Wrong Input (Typing mistake by user).
• Wrong Formula (Logic mistake by programmer).
• Hardware Malfunction (Rare cases like a damaged chip).
4. Diligence :- Diligence means the capacity to work for a long time without getting tired. A
computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration, and fatigue. It can work continuously for
hours or even days without taking a break.
(i).No Fatigue (Tiredness): Unlike human beings, a computer never gets tired. You can work on a
computer for 24 hours continuously, and it will not complain or demand rest.
(ii). No Lack of Concentration: Humans tend to lose focus after doing the same work repeatedly. A
computer performs every task with the exact same focus and accuracy, whether it is the first
calculation or the millionth one.
(iii). Consistent Speed and Accuracy: If a computer has to print 1,000 pages:
• The speed of printing the 1st page will be the same as the 1,000th page.
• The accuracy will remain 100% throughout the process.
(iv). Monotony: Computers do not suffer from boredom (monotony). They can repeat the same
boring task again and again without any error.
5. Versatility:- Versatility refers to the ability of a computer to perform completely different types of
work at the same time or one after another. The word "Versatile" means capable of doing many
things competently.
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A computer is not limited to just one job. It can switch from a complex scientific calculation to
playing a movie in an instant.
(i) Multiple Roles: The same computer can be used for:
o Education: To type notes or learn coding.
o Entertainment: To play games or watch videos.
o Business: To maintain accounts and print bills.
o Communication: To send emails and chat.
(ii) Adaptability: A computer adapts to the software you are using.
o If you open Excel, it becomes an accountant.
o If you open Photoshop, it becomes a painter/designer.
o If you open a Media Player, it becomes a music system.
(iii) Multitasking: Modern computers can perform several tasks simultaneously. For example,
you can download a file from the internet, listen to music, and type a letter in MS Word all at
the same time.
Comparison:
• A Calculator can only do math. It is not versatile.
• A Typewriter can only type. It is not versatile.
• A Computer can do both and much more. It is versatile.
6. Storage. Storage refers to the capacity of a computer to store data, instructions, and
information. A computer has a built-in memory where it can hold a large amount of data.
This data can be stored temporarily (while working) or permanently (for future use).
Unlike humans, who may forget information over time, a computer can store data for years
without losing a single bit of information.
(i) High Capacity: Computers can store a massive amount of data in a very small physical
space. A small pen drive can hold thousands of books, millions of documents, or hundreds
of hours of video.
(ii) Permanent Storage (Secondary Memory): Data stored in secondary storage (like a Hard
Disk, SSD, or Pen Drive) is permanent. It remains safe even when the computer is switched
off. This is called Non-Volatile memory.
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(iii) Temporary Storage (Primary Memory): The computer also has working memory (RAM)
used to hold data while it is being processed. This is Volatile memory, meaning data is lost
when the power is turned off.
(iii) Easy Retrieval: Storage is not just about keeping data; it is about finding it. A computer
can recall/retrieve any file from its storage within seconds, no matter how old the file is.
7. Automation:- Automation refers to the ability of a computer to perform tasks
automatically without human intervention. Once a user provides the instructions (program)
and data, the computer can continue the work on its own until it is finished.
A computer is an automatic machine. You do not need to guide it at every step of the
process.
(i) No Human Intervention: Once a program is loaded into the computer's memory and the
execution starts, the computer controls the entire process. The user does not need to press
a button for every single calculation.
(ii) Program-Driven: The computer works according to the "Program" (set of instructions)
stored in its memory. It follows these instructions one by one automatically.
(iii) Efficiency: Because the process is automatic, it saves human time and effort. A human
can start a long task on the computer and go do other work while the computer finishes the
job.
[Link]:- Communication refers to the ability of a computer to connect with other
computers to exchange data, instructions, and information. This connection of computers
is called a Network. Through communication, computers can share resources and
information instantly across the globe.
(I) Connectivity: Computers can be connected to each other using wires (cables, fiber optics) or
wirelessly (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Satellite). This allows them to "talk" to one another.
(ii) Resource Sharing: Communication allows multiple computers to share expensive hardware.
• Example: In a computer lab, 10 computers can share one printer. You don't need to buy 10
printers.
(iii) Speed of Information: Through the Internet (the largest network), a computer can send a
message or a file to another computer on the other side of the world in seconds.
(iv) Remote Access: Communication allows you to access data stored on a computer that is not
physically near you (e.g., accessing your bank account details from your phone).
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9. Diligence:- Diligence refers to the ability of a computer to work continuously for hours or days
without getting tired or losing concentration. A computer is free from tiredness, fatigue, and lack of
concentration.
(i) No Fatigue (Never Gets Tired): Unlike humans, a computer does not need rest. It can work 24
hours a day, 7 days a week with the same speed and efficiency.
(ii) No Boredom (Monotony): Humans get bored doing the same work again and again. A computer
can perform the same task (like printing 1,000 bills) repeatedly without getting bored.
(iii)Consistent Accuracy: Even if a computer has to do millions of calculations, the last calculation
will be just as accurate as the first one. It does not make mistakes due to tiredness.
10. Consistency:- Consistency means that a computer produces the same result for the same input
every single time. If you feed the exact same data into a computer multiple times, it will produce the
exact same output without any variation.
Unlike humans, whose performance can change based on mood or environment, a computer's
performance is constant.
(i ) Repeatability: If you ask a computer to solve a specific problem (e.g.,55 \times 24) today, it will
give a specific answer. If you ask the same question next week or after 10 years, it will give the exact
same answer.
(ii) No Emotional Effect: A computer does not have emotions, feelings, or moods.
• It does not get angry, happy, or sad.
• It does not matter if it is morning or night.
• These factors never affect the result of the processing.
(iii) Standard Performance: Because of consistency, we can trust computer systems for critical
tasks (like flying airplanes or managing bank accounts) because we know exactly how they will
behave.
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