Adapt
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Powered by AIThe program automatically calculates long-term deflections by allowing inputs for different loading stages and observation days. Users enter applicable factors and can select from options like ‘auto’ for long-term load combinations, leading the program to calculate specific deflection factors without altering ‘user’ defined long-term load combinations .
Creep and shrinkage coefficients for moist curing are calculated using formulas Cr = Cru * (t−t0)^0.6 / (10+(t−t0)^0.6) * 1.25(t0)^-0.118 for creep, and Sr = Sru * (t−tc) / (35+(t−tc)) for shrinkage. For steam curing, the formulas adjust to Cr = Cru * (t−t0)^0.6 / (10+(t−t0)^0.6) * 1.13(t0)^-0.094 for creep, and Sr = Sru * (t−tc) / (55+(t−tc)) for shrinkage .
Immediate deflection is calculated based on the total load applied instantly and momentarily, whereas sustained live load deflection considers only the portion of live load that remains over time. Accurate characterization requires subtracting immediate sustained load deflection from immediate total load deflection to isolate the effect of temporary versus permanent loads .
The observation day impacts which coefficient values are used within the deflection calculations, as these values differ across various stages of concrete behavior beyond initial curing. By specifying an observation day, the system applies the relevant creep and shrinkage coefficients, ensuring that predictions of long-term deformation reflect the concrete’s age and the corresponding behavior expectations at that point in time .
'Cracked deflection' refers to the deflection calculation under sustained loads, accounting for potential changes due to cracking in the concrete. 'Total deflection' encompasses the entire deflection due to all loads, sustained or otherwise, applied over time. These metrics guide the modeling of load combinations by defining which effects are considered at different stages of analysis .
The user-defined long-term multiplier adjusts the calculated ultimate creep and shrinkage coefficients to account for the presence of compression steel, which can alter the expected concrete behavior under sustained loading. This customized adjustment ensures the calculated deflections more accurately reflect the actual performance of the structural element over time .
Staging affects deflection calculations by requiring the analysis of different loading stages separately and considers their cumulative effect over time. The deflections at each stage (e.g., removal of formwork, installation of partitions, and application of live load) are calculated using both immediate and long-term deflection formulas, adjusting for sustained and non-sustained loads. The effects of creeping and shrinkage are modeled via user-defined parameters and calculated coefficients .
Incremental deflection is determined by calculating the difference between deflections at specified observation days (e.g., deflections from day 40 to day 5000). This is modelled by setting the deflection load type to 'User' and entering appropriate factors for combinations such as Incre_defl_40_5000 .
The values Cr (creep coefficient at age t) and Sr (shrinkage coefficient at age t) quantify the long-term deformation behavior of concrete due to sustained stress and moisture loss, respectively. Accurate predictions of structural behavior hinge on these values because they determine how the concrete will continue to deform over time, affecting the overall integrity and safety of the structure .
Deflection coefficients considered include creep and shrinkage coefficients applicable to specific days past casting (e.g., t0 = 20, 40, 180 for different stages). These coefficients are used in combinatorial formulas to predict deflection over critical observation stages such as 180, 360, or even 5000 days. The calculation accounts for now constants like C1, C2, and C3 derived from these coefficients .