CURRICULUM

OF

BS/MS

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

(Revised 2017)

HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION

ISLAMABAD
 CURRICULUM DIVISION, HEC

Prof. Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Chairman

Prof. Dr. Arshad Ali Executive Director
Mr. Muhammad Raza Chohan Director General (Academics)
Dr. Muhammad Idrees Director (Curriculum)
Syeda Sanober Rizvi Deputy Director (Curriculum)
Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque Assistant Director (Curriculum)

2
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction 7

2. Framework/Template for BE/BS in Environmental

Engineering 18

3. Scheme of Studies for BE/BS (4-year) in Environmental

Engineering Programme 19

4. Scheme of studies (Semester Wise)

Bachelor in Environmental Engineering 24

5. Matrics of the Course Mapping With Program Learning

Outcomes 28

6. Detail of Courses for BE/BS Environmental Engineering 31

7. Scheme of studies for Masters in Environmental

Engineering 98

8. Detail of Courses ME/MS (2-Year) in Environmental

Engineering (Core Courses) 99

9. Elective Courses 107

10. Annexures 120

3
 PREFACE

The curriculum, with varying definitions, is said to be a plan of the teaching-

learning process that students of an academic programme are required to
undergo to achieve some specific objectives. It includes scheme of
studies, objectives & learning outcomes, course contents, teaching
methodologies and assessment/ evaluation. Since knowledge in all
disciplines and fields is expanding at a fast pace and new disciplines are
also emerging; it is imperative that curricula be developed and revised
accordingly.

University Grants Commission (UGC) was designated as the competent

authority to develop, review and revise curricula beyond Class-XII vide
Section 3, Sub-Section 2 (ii), Act of Parliament No. X of 1976 titled
“Supervision of Curricula and Textbooks and Maintenance of Standard of
Education”. With the repeal of UGC Act, the same function was assigned
to the Higher Education Commission (HEC) under its Ordinance of 2002,
Section 10, Sub-Section 1 (v).

In compliance with the above provisions, the Curriculum Division of HEC

undertakes the revision of curricula regularly through respective National
Curriculum Revision Committees (NCRCs) which consist of eminent
professors and researchers of relevant fields from public and private
sector universities, R&D organizations, councils, industry and civil society
by seeking nominations from their organizations.

In order to impart quality education which is at par with indigenous needs

and international standards, HEC NCRCs have developed unified
framework/ templates as guidelines for the development and revision of
curricula in the disciplines of Basic Sciences, Applied Sciences, Social
Sciences, Agriculture and Engineering.

It is hoped that this curriculum document, prepared by the respective

NCRC’s, would serve the purpose of meeting our national, social and
economic needs, and it would also provide the level of competency
specified in Pakistan Qualification Framework to make it compatible with
international educational standards. The curriculum is also placed on the
website of HEC

[Link]
[Link]

(Muhammad Raza Chohan)

Director General (Academics)

4
 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

STAGE-I STAGE-II STAGE-III STAGE-IV

CURRI. UNDER CURRI. IN FOLLOW UP

CONSIDERATION DRAFT STAGE FINAL STAGE STUDY

COLLECTION OF APPRAISAL OF 1ST PREP. OF FINAL QUESTIONNAIRE

DRAFT BY EXP. OF CURRI.
REC COL./UNIV

FINALIZATION OF INCORPORATION OF COMMENTS

CONS. OF CRC. DRAFT BY CRC REC. OF V.C.C.

PREP. OF DRAFT APPROVAL OF PRINTING OF

BY CRC CURRI. BY V.C.C. CURRI. REVIEW

Abbreviations Used:
IMPLE. OF CURRI. BACK TO STAGE-I
CRC. Curriculum Revision
Committee
VCC. Vice Chancellor’s Committee
EXP. Experts
COL. Colleges
UNI. Universities
PREP. Preparation ORIENTATION
REC. Recommendations COURSES

5
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

6
INTRODUCTION
The final meeting of HEC National Curriculum Revision Committee (NCRC)
in the discipline of Environmental Engineering was held from May 10-12,
2017, (03 days) at the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Regional
Centre Peshawar. The aim was to finalize the preliminary draft, prepared
during first meeting held from February 07-09, 2017. Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque,
Assistant Director, Academics Division, HEC acted as Coordinator of the
meeting. Following honourable members attended the meeting:

Sr. Name & Address Status

No
1. Dr. Farhat Abbas, Convener
Professor/Dean,
Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Environmental Sciences &
Engineering, Government College
University, Faisalabad.
2. Dr. Qaisar Mahmood (TI) Secretary
Associate Professor,
Department of Environmental Engineering,
COMSATS Institute of Information
Technology, Abbottabad.
3. Dr. Khan Muhammad Brohi, Member
Director / Professor,
Institute of Environmental Engineering &
Management, Mehran University of
Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro
4. Dr. Taj Ali Khan Member
Professor/Chairman,
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Peshawar.
5. Dr. Daulat Khan, Member
Professor,
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Peshawar.
6. Dr. Sajid Rashid Ahmed, Member
Professor/Principal,
College of Earth & Environmental Sciences,
University of the Punjab, Lahore.
7. Dr. Asif Ahmed Shaikh, Member
Professor / Chairman,
Department of Environmental Engg,

7
 NED University of Engineering & Tech,
University Road, Karachi.
8. Dr. Naseem Irfan Member
Professor / Dy. Chief Engineer,
Department of Nuclear Engineering,
Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied
Sciences, P. O Nilore, Islamabad.
9. Engr. Dr. Nasir Mahmood Khan Member
Additional Registrar (Accreditation)
Pakistan Engineering Council HQ,
Ataturk Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad
10. Dr. Naeem Ejaz Member
Associate Professor,
Department of Environmental Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Taxila.
11. Engr. Dr. Sher Jamal Khan Member
Associate Professor
Institute of Environmental Sciences &
Engineering (IESE),
National University of Science &
Technology,
Islamabad.
12. Dr. Sheeraz Ahmed Memon Member
Associate Professor/Director,
Institute of Environmental Engineering &
Management, Mehran University of
Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro
13. Dr. Muhammad Daud Khan Member
Assistant Professor,
Department of Biotechnology & Genetics
Engineering, Kohat University of Science &
Technology, Kohat,
14. Engr. Dr. Naeem Shahzad Member
Assistant Professor,
Department of Water Resource
Engineering, Military College of
Engineering, Risalpur.
15. Engr. Khurram Sheraz Member
Assistant Professor,
Department of Agricultural Engineering,
University of Engineering & Technology,
Peshawar.
16. Mr. Riaz-Ul-Haque, Coordinator
Assistant Director (Curriculum),
8
 Higher Education Commission,
Sector H-9, Islamabad.

The Following members attended the Preliminary meeting but

could not attend the Final meeting due to personal engagements:

[Link]. Name & Institution Status

1. Prof.
3 Dr. Badar Munir Khan Ghauri Member
Department of Remote Sensing & GIS,
Institute of Space Technology, SUPARCO
HQ, Karachi
2. Dr.
7 Bushra Khan Member
Chairperson / Associate Professor,
Department of Environmental Sciences,
University of Peshawar, Peshawar.
3. Engr.
9 Prof. Dr. Zahir-ud-Din Khan Member
Institute of Environmental Engineering &
Research, UET, Lahore. (Nominee of
PEC)
4. Dr.
1 Arjumand Z. Zaidi Member
3 Senior Research Fellow
US Pakistan Centers for Advanced Studies
in Water USPCASW, Mehran University of
Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro

The meeting started with recitation from the Holy Quran by Prof.
Taj Ali Khan. Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque, Assistant Director, Academics Division,
HEC, Islamabad welcomed the participants. All the participants introduced
themselves highlighting their qualification, experience and area of
expertise within the discipline of Environmental Engineering.
Prof. Dr. Farhat Abbas, Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Department
of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College
University, Faisalabad and Dr. Qaisar Mahmood (TI) Associate Professor,
Department of Environmental Engineering, COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology, Abbottabad continued to perform as Convener
and Secretary of the final meeting, respectively.
Mr. Riaz-ul-Haque presented the agenda and objectives of the
NCRC. He highlighted the importance of this meeting and emphasized for
adaptation of general rules of curriculum development and revision like
scope of the subject/programme, horizontal & vertical alignment, rule of
flexibility and adaptability keeping in view the futuristic approach, market
value/job market and societal needs. He also shared a template for
revising/updating the curricula. The template was unanimously accepted
to be followed.
9
 In the next session Prof. Dr. Farhat Abbss, Convener opened the
discussion on the nomenclature of the discipline, vision, mission,
objectives of the programmes, Programme Learning Outcomes (PLOs),
methods of instruction and learning environment, assessment and
operational framework. After long deliberation, the committee finalized the
above said segments of the curriculum. Similarly, framework/scheme of
studies of undergraduate 4-years programme for Environmental
Engineering was discussed keeping in view the duration of the
programme, number of semesters, number of weeks per semester, total
number of credit hours, number of credit hours per semester, weightage
of engineering and non- engineering courses and weightage of theory and
practical. Furthermore, list of courses (core & elective) and semester wise
breakup of courses were also discussed thoroughly and the same was
unanimously finalized.
In the afternoon session, admission criteria/intake criteria were
discussed and finalized. After that the list of courses was distributed
among the committee members keeping in view the experience and
expertise in the field for reviewing course objectives, adding learning
outcomes, updating list of contents, adding teaching-learning methods
and assessment, and updating bibliography/ references/ suggested
books.
On the second day, the task assigned to the groups was displayed
and the addition/deletion and revision of the courses were discussed. After
thorough deliberation, draft curriculum of the Bachelor of Environmental
Engineering was finalized.
On the third day, the courses of Master in Environmental
Engineering was reviewed and after thorough discussion, the courses
were finalized. In the end, Mr. Riaz-Ul-Haque thanked the Convener,
Secretary and all members of the Committee for sparing their precious
time and for their contribution to finalize the revision process of the
curriculum. He further stated that their efforts will go a long way in
developing workable, useful and market oriented comprehensive degree
programs in Environmental Engineering. Prof. Dr. Farhat Abbas also
thanked the Secretary and members of NCRC for their inputs in
revising/updating the curriculum to make it more practical, competitive,
efficient and realistic.
The committee highly appreciated the efforts made by the officials
of HEC Regional Centre, Peshawar for making arrangements to facilitate
the committee and their accommodation. The meeting ended with a vote
of thanks to and from the Chair.

10
VISION
Ever increasing world population and the resultant expansion of
anthropogenic activities demand engineering talent to devise sustainable
development procedures. This is possible through promoting
Environmental Engineering that is multi-disciplinary in nature; combining
the basic principles of Sciences and Engineering and a brand of creative
design, invention and innovation supported by the use of advanced
techniques and engineering technologies.

MISSION STATEMENT
Engineering disciplines play a vital role in addressing the various
challenges facing our societies worldwide. Among others, the major
issues include; clean air & water, natural resource management and
recovery in the context of climate change, tackling the coupled issues of
energy, natural and man-made disaster mitigation, environmental
protection, public health and safety. Producing competent Environmental
Engineers to effectively delivering real products and services of benefit to
society, especially in the developing world, is a responsibility of
universities/DAIs. The Environmental Engineering Curriculum is designed
to provide necessary knowledge, critical thinking, and ethical values to the
graduates for meeting the aforementioned large-scale challenges.

11
PREAMBLE
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
The program offered by the institution should also have well defined
program objectives. Program educational objectives (PEO) are broad
statements that describe what graduates are expected to achieve a few
years after graduation. It should be ensured that the program objectives
are aligned with the vision/mission of the institution. Program objectives
should be articulated and made known to everyone in the institution
through institutional publications and websites.
The successful pursuit and realization of the mission and objectives, and
the means adopted to accomplish them bring out the quality of the
institution and its programs. Program educational objectives are based on
the needs of the program’s constituencies and are linked to student
learning outcomes and assessment process.
The objectives should be clear, concise, realistic and measurable within
the context of the committed resources. A process should be developed
to assess the level of attainment of the program objectives to evaluate
effectiveness of the academic programs. It should include feedback from
faculty, employers, alumni and other stakeholders. The evaluation results
should be utilized for redefining/improving the program objectives.
The program must demonstrate that following are in place:

a) Well-defined and published Program Mission

b) Program’s educational objectives defined and consistent with the
mission
c) Program’s educational objectives based on the stakeholder’s needs
d) A process in place to evaluate the attainment of educational
objectives
e) Evaluation results used for continual improvement of the program

The program of Environmental Engineering will achieve the following

PEOs; PEO-01: Apply engineering knowledge to identify and address the
technical and societal problems; PEO-02: Enhance students’ intellectual
and analytical abilities in taking initiative and/or developing innovative
ideas for technological and professional growth in the field of
environmental engineering; PLO-03: Work effectively as a team member
or lead multidisciplinary teams while determining / demonstrating the
interpersonal and management skills and ethical responsibilities.

Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)

Program outcomes are the narrower statements that describe what
students are expected to know and can do by the time of graduation.
These relate to the knowledge, skills and attitude that the students acquire
while progressing through the program.
The program must demonstrate that by the time of graduation the students
have attained a certain set of knowledge, skills and behavioral traits, at
12
least to some acceptable minimum level. Specifically, it is to be
demonstrated that the students have acquired the following graduate
attributes:
The Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) of Environmental Engineering
will cover PLO 01-12. PLO-01: Engineering Knowledge: Ability to apply
knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems. PLO-02: Problem Analysis: Ability to identify, formulate,
research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural
sciences and engineering sciences. PLO-03: Design/Development of
Solutions: Ability to design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design systems, components, or processes that meet specified needs
with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations. PLO-04: Investigation:
Ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a methodical way
including literature survey, design and conduct of experiments, analysis
and interpretation of experimental data, and synthesis of information to
derive valid conclusions. PLO-05: Modern Tool Usage: Ability to create,
select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling, to complex
engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations. PLO-06:
The Engineer and Society: Ability to apply reasoning informed by
contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural
issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional
engineering practice and solution to complex engineering problems. PLO-
07: Environment and Sustainability: Ability to understand the impact of
professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts
and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
PLO-08: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics
and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice. PLO-09:
Individual and Team Work: Ability to work effectively, as an individual or
in a team, on multifaceted and/or multidisciplinary settings. PLO-10:
Communication: Ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in
writing on complex engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentations, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions. PLO-11: Project
Management: Ability to demonstrate management skills and apply
engineering principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a
team to manage projects in a multidisciplinary environment. PLO-12:
Lifelong Learning: Ability to recognize importance of, and pursue lifelong
learning in the broader context of innovation and technological
developments.

13
In addition to incorporating the graduate attributes (i) to (xii) listed above
as the program learning outcomes, the educational institution may also
include any additional outcomes if adopted.
Specific details relating to the processes adopted for assessing, evaluating
and reviewing the program outcomes should be provided. The institution
can also present the internal quality assessment cycle adopted by its
Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC).
In particular, the program must demonstrate the following:
a) Well-defined and published Program Outcomes
b) Program Outcomes linked to the Program Objectives
c) Program Outcomes encompass desired outcomes listed above
d) Mapping of Program Outcomes to Course Learning Outcomes
(CLOs)
e) Teaching-learning and assessment methods appropriate and
supportive to the attainment of Course Learning Outcomes
f) Quality of assessment mechanism to evaluate achievement levels
for all the Program Outcomes by each student
g) Process in place by which assessment results are applied to further
refine the assessment mechanism and/or redefine the program /
course outcomes, thus leading to continuous improvement of the
program
The courses included in Environmental Engineering programs are based
on Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) that necessitate that upon
successful completion of the course, the student will i) Recognize the
measurement systems and describe the concept of techniques,
accuracy, precision, and errors in all measuring instruments, ii)
Implement procedures with the instruments used to measure different
parameters; e.g., pressure, temperature, force, motion, torque, flow etc.,
iii) Show the fundamentals of measurement systems by designing the
protocol and necessary tools for this task, iv) Operate measuring
instrument and follow signal of the instrument, and v) Demonstrate the
working principles of instruments and techniques for a particular
application. The underline verbs would be used in Question papers as it
is. With the help of this linkage we can find out achievement report of each
CLO in final results.

14
RATIONALE
The Curriculum of Environmental Engineering has vertical and horizontal
alignments. The vertical alignments include placing/offering of basic
and/or prerequisite courses in the initial semesters of a degree and those
comprising advanced contents in the senior level semesters. The vertical
alignments also address the issues of flow or linear advancement of
knowledge from intermediate, undergraduate and graduate level degrees.
The horizontal alignments include coherence of Environmental
Engineering with other Engineering disciplines.
Evaluation of students’ performance will be based on Bloom's Taxonomy
of Learning Domains comprising Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor.
Evaluation scores of a course are proposed to carry 50% of the total marks
in Final exam and the remaining 50% of the marks accordingly distributed
for Mid exam and semester work (including quiz, complex engineering
problems, assignment, presentation, etc...). The lab part of the course will
be evaluated based on RUBRICS for Lab that will include i) Lab Reports,
ii) Lab Demonstrating skills of students to perform experiments, iii)
introduction of open-ended labs to solve complex engineering problems,
and iv) Viva Voce. The lab part of the course may also be assessed,
covering the psychomotor (skills) and affective (attitude) domains, as a
total of 100 to be converted to the ratio of actual lab score, for the number
of specified credit hours. The following table proposes typical calculations
for scores/marks for a course.

Activity Proportional Score

Mid 25-30% of the total theory
part
Sessional (quiz, complex engineering 20-25% of the total theory
problems through class projects and part
assignments, presentations etc...)
Lab 100% of the total lab part
Final 50% of the total theory part
Total 100%; 40, 60, and 80 for 2, 3
and 4 credit hours courses,
respectively.
Field visits and their reports may be the part of sessional marks wherever
deem fit.

15
SCOPE
The scope of Environmental Engineering Curriculum is based on existing
needs of this discipline and a cushion for accommodation of courses /
contents to address emerging / futuristic trends in the discipline of
Environmental Engineering. The role for Government-Industry-Academia
linkage to address problems facing industry and their indigenous solutions
is also in the scope of this curriculum.

INTAKE/ADMISSION CRITERIA
Engineering Education Regulations of Pakistan Engineering Council
should be adhered to for admission criteria and intake policy. Generally,
the following criteria should be observed as: i) For Bachelor of
Environmental Engineering: Intermediate Pre-Engineering or equivalent,
securing at least 60% marks and ii) Admission criteria for Master of
Environmental Engineering: Bachelor in the relevant Engineering
disciplines accredited by the Pakistan Engineering Council.

CURRICULUM AND LEARNING PROCESS

The genesis of any engineering program is the fusion of its stakeholders’
perceptions. The academic curriculum of the program is designed to
facilitate / ensure the achievement of program outcomes by all students.
This is achieved by offering a balanced combination of technical and non-
technical contents coupled with appropriate assessment and evaluation
methods. This has a well-defined core of essential subjects supported by
requisite compulsory as well as elective courses. It also invokes
awareness and comprehension of societal problems amongst the students
and motivating them to seek solutions for improving the quality of life. The
theory content of the curriculum is supplemented with appropriate
experimentation / laboratory work.
The program structure is covering the essential fundamental principles at
the initial stages, leading to integrated studies in the final year of the
program, in consonance with the approach and levels defined in Bloom’s
taxonomy, particularly in breadth & depth courses.
The hallmark of a curriculum is to infuse original thinking, resourcefulness
and entrepreneurial spirits among students. This program is embodying
foundation courses as well as the general and specialized professional
content of adequate Breadth and Depth, including appropriate Humanities
and Science components. The program scheme is designed to ensure
acquisition of knowledge and skills, encouraging necessary exposure to
inter-disciplinary areas.
The contents of each constituent courses of the curriculum has been
updated to absorb recent technological and knowledge developments as
per international practices and to meet the national needs. Efforts are also
made that there should also be an effective relationship between the
curricular content and practice in the field of specialization.

16
It is expected that the graduates are able to demonstrate professional
ethics and competence in oral communication, scientific & quantitative
reasoning, critical analysis, system design, logical thinking, creativity and
capacity for life-long learning.
The delivery of subject matter and the assessment process employed is
expected enabling the students to develop intellectual and practical skills
effectively, as deemed essential in program outcomes assessment.
Complex engineering problems which are not easily quantifiable, e.g.
communication skills (oral / written), critical thinking, ethics, team work,
etc. often require rubrics as a tool for their assessment (both in direct or
indirect methods).
In addition to regular teaching / learning activities such as classroom
interaction, PBL assignments, lab experimentation and faculty
consultation, other aspects of student learning such as tutorial system,
research / design projects, seminar / workshops and exposure to industrial
practice should form an integral part of curriculum. Internal reviews of
quality assurance procedures should be carried out periodically.

17
FRAMEWORK FOR BACHELOR IN ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Duration: 4 years
Semester: 8
Number of weeks per semester: 18 (16 for
teaching and 2 for examination)
Total number of Credit Hours (CH): 130 (minimum)
Number of CH per semester: 13 - 18
Engineering Domain Courses: 65 - 70%
Non-Engineering Domain Courses: 30 - 35%
Number of Contact Hours: 199

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SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR BS/BE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Non-Engineering Domain
Knowledge Subject Lec Lab CH Total Total % %
Area Area Name of Course CH CH Courses Credits Area over
all
Communication Skills 3 0 3
English Technical Writing & 2 5 12.50 4.3
2 0 2
Presentation Skills
Islamic Studies 2 0 2
Culture 2 4 10.00 4.3
Pakistan Studies 2 0 2
Humanities
Environment & Anthropology
Sociology of development
Social Sciences Env. & Human Interaction 2 0 2 1 2 5.00 2.1
Psychology
Sustainable Urban Planning
11 0 11 5 11 27.50 10.7
Engineering Economics 2 0 2
Management
Sciences Project Planning &
2 0 2 3 6 15.00 6.52
Management
Entrepreneurship 2 0 2
6 0 6 3 6 15.00 6.52

19
 Engineering Calculus 3 0 3
Natural Linear Algebra &
Sciences Ordinary Differential 3 0 3
30.0
Math Equations 4 12 8.70
0
Numerical Analysis 3 0 3
Probability and Statistical
3 0 3
Analysis
Physics Environmental Physics 2 0 2 1 2 5.00 2.1
Chemistry Environmental Chemistry 3 0 3 1 3 7.5 2.1
Introduction to
Microbiology, 3 0 3
Biology and 15.0
2 6 4.3
Microbiology 0
Environmental
2 1 3
Microbiology
Sub-Total-I 39 1 40 16 40 100 35

20
 Engineering Domain
Knowledge Subject Name of Course Lec Lab Total Total Total % %
Area Area CH CH CH Courses Credits Area overall
Computer Aided Learning 2 1 3
Fundamental
Computing Introduction to Computer 2 6 4.5 4.3
Programing 2 1 3
Programming
4 2 6 2 6 4.5 4.3
Surveying and Leveling 2 1 3
Engineering Mechanics 2 1 3
GIS 2 1 3
Remote Sensing 2 1 3
Engineering Fluid Mechanics 3 1 4
9 29 22.14 19.56
Foundation Soil Mechanics 3 1 4
Engineering Drawing &
1 2 3
CAD
Introduction to
3 0 3
Environmental Engineering
Elective 3 0 3
21 8 29 9 29 22.14 19.56
Core
Water Treatment 2 1 3
(Breadth) 10 31 23.66 21.73
Wastewater Engineering 2 1 3

21
 Water Supply and
Wastewater
Collection/Water Pollution 2 1 3
Control/Ground Water
Pollution Control
Energy Conservation and
3 0 3
management
Industrial and Hazardous
3 0 3
Waste Management
Hydrology 3 0 3
Air & Noise Pollution
3 1 4
Control
Solid Waste Engineering &
3 1 4
Management
Environmental Laws and
2 0 2
Policies
Elective 3 0 3
26 5 31 10 31 23.66 21.27
Environmental
Major Based 3 0 3
Health &Safety
Integrated Water
Core (Depth) Resources 3 0 3 5 14 11.45 10.86
Management
Environmental
3 0 3
Impact Assessment

22
 Cleaner Production
3 0 3
Techniques
Ecological
2 0 2
Management
14 0 14 5 14 11.45 10.86
Inter- Professional Ethics 2 0 2
disciplinary
Engineering Thermodynamics 2 1 3 2 5 3.82 4.34
Breadth
(Electives)
4 1 5 2 5 3.82 4.34
Final Year Final Year Project-I 0 3 3
2 6 6.67 5.00
Project Final Year Project-II 0 3 3
0 6 6 2 6 4.58 4.34
Internship Optional 0 0 0 0 0 - -
Sub-Total-II 69 22 91 32 91 100 65
Grant Total (I+II) 108 23 131 46 131 100
NOTE:
Universities have the option to add course of 3 credit hours in the engineering foundation and breadth domain.

23
 SCHEME OF STUDIES (Semester wise)
Bachelor in Environmental Engineering
Semester-1
Course Course Title Lec.-CH Lab- Total- CH
No. CH
1 Communication Skills 3 0 3
2 Linear Algebra and Ordinary 3 0 3
Differential Equation
3 Introduction to Environmental 3 0 3
Engineering
4 Computer Aided Learning / 2 1 3
Fundamentals of ICT
5 Islamic Studies 2 0 2
6 Environmental Physics 2 0 2
Total 15 1 16

Semester-2
Course Course Title Lec.- CH Lab - Total- CH
No. CH
1 Engineering Calculus 3 0 3
2 Environmental Chemistry 3 0 3
3 Engineering Mechanics 2 1 3
4 Pakistan Studies 2 0 2
5 Introduction to Computer 2 1 3
Programing
6 Surveying and Leveling 2 1 3
Total 14 3 17

Semester-3
Course Course Title Lec. -CH Lab - Total –
No. CH CH
1 Introduction to Microbiology 3 0 3
2 Environment and 2 0 2
Anthropology/ Sustainable
Urban Planning
3 Probability and Statistical 3 0 3
Analysis
24
 4 Fluid Mechanics 3 1 4
5 Engineering Drawing & CAD 1 2 3
(Computer Aided Design)
6 Engineering Economics 2 0 2
Total 14 3 17

Semester-4
Course Course Title Lec.- CH Lab - Total –
No. CH CH
1 Water Supply and Wastewater 2 1 3
Collection
2 Environmental Microbiology 2 1 3
3 Ecological Management 2 0 2
4 Numerical Analysis 3 0 3
5 Hydrology 3 0 3
6 Thermodynamics 2 1 3
Total 14 3 17

Supervised Internship (To be carried out after 2 years of the study

period with total duration of 4 to 8 weeks as an independent study or with
a consultancy group).

Semester-5
Course Course Title Lec. - Lab - Total- CH
No. CH CH
1 Water Treatment 2 1 3
2 Soil Mechanics 3 1 4
3 Professional Ethics 2 0 2
4 Solid Waste Engineering & 3 1 4
Management
5 Geographical Information 2 1 3
System
Total 12 4 16

Semester-6
Course No. Course Title Lec.- CH Lab - Total –
CH CH
1 Project Planning & 2 0 2
Management
2 Wastewater Engineering 2 1 3

25
 3 Environmental Impact 3 0 3
Assessment
4 Air & Noise Pollution Control 3 1 4
5 Remote Sensing 2 1 3
6 Environmental Health & 3 0 3
Safety
Total 15 3 18

Semester-7
Course No. Course Title Lec. - Lab - Total –CH
CH CH
1 Integrated Water Resources 3 0 3
Management
2 Elective Course I 3 0 3

3 Technical Writing and 2 0 2

Presentation Skills
4 Environmental Laws and 2 0 2
Policies
5 Industrial and Hazardous 3 0 3
Waste Management
6 Final Year Design Project – I 0 3 3
Total 13 3 16

Semester-8
Course No. Course Title Lec. - Lab - Total –
CH CH CH
1 Cleaner Production 3 0 3
Techniques
2 Energy Conservation & 3 0 3
Management
3 Entrepreneurship 2 0 2
4 Elective II 3 0 3
5 Final Year Project – II 0 3 3
Total 11 3 14

Total Credit Hours 131

Elective Course:
 Marine Pollution Control (3-0)
 Environmental Modeling (3-0)
26
 Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation (3-0)
 Hazard and Disaster Risk Management (3-0)
 Green Engineering Technologies (3-0)
 Membrane Technology (3-0)
 Environmental Nanotechnology (3-0)
 Natural Resources Management (3-0)

27
 MATRICS OF THE COURSE MAPPING WITH PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES
Course Title 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Semester-1
Communication Skills √
Linear Algebra and Ordinary Differential √ √
Equation
Introduction to Environmental Engineering √ √
Computer Aided Learning / Fundamentals of √
ICT
Islamic Studies √ √
Environmental Physics √ √
Semester-2
Engineering Calculus √
Environmental Chemistry √ √
Engineering Mechanics √ √
Pakistan Studies √
Introduction to Computer Programing √
Surveying and Leveling √ √ √
Semester-3
Introduction to Microbiology √ √ √
Environment and Anthropology/Sustainable √ √ √ √
Urban Planning

28
Probability and Statistical Analysis √
Fluid Mechanics √ √
Engineering Drawing & CAD √ √ √ √
Engineering Economics √ √
Semester-4
Water Supply and Wastewater Collection √ √ √
Environmental Microbiology √
Ecological Management √ √ √ √
Numerical Analysis √
Hydrology √ √
Thermodynamics √ √ √
Semester-5
Water Treatment √ √ √
Professional Ethics √ √
Soil Mechanics √ √
Solid Waste Engineering & Management √ √ √
GIS (Geographical Information System) √ √ √
Semester-6
Project Planning & Management √ √ √

29
Wastewater Engineering √ √ √ √ √
Environmental Impact Assessment √ √ √ √ √
Air & Noise Pollution Control √ √ √
Remote Sensing √ √ √
Environmental Health & Safety √ √ √
Semester-7
Integrated Water Resources Management √
Elective Course -I
Technical Writing and Presentation Skills √
Environmental Law and Policies √ √ √
Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management √ √ √
Final Year Project – I √ √ √
Semester-8
Cleaner Production Techniques √ √
Energy Conservation & Management √ √ √ √
Entrepreneurship √ √
Elective II
Final Year Project – II √ √ √ √ √ √

30
 DETAIL OF COURSES
Bachelor of Environmental Engineering
SEMESTER 1

COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3+0)

Objectives:
 To enable the students to meet their real life communication needs

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Sr. Course Learning Taxonomy
Domain Learning
No Outcomes level
Outcome

1 10

Contents:
 Paragraph writing
o Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph
 Essay writing
o Introduction
 CV and job application
 Translation skills
o Urdu to English
 Study skills
o Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed
reading, summary and précis writing and comprehension
 Academic skills
o Letter / memo writing and minutes of the meeting, use of
library and internet recourses
 Presentation skills
o Personality development (emphasis on content, style and
pronunciation)

Note: Documentaries to be shown for discussion and review

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet.
Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press 1986. ISBN 0 19
431350 6.

31
 Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Chrisitine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand
and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth
Impression 1993. ISBN 019 435405 7 Pages 45-53 (note taking).
 Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 435406
5 (particularly good for writing memos, introduction to presentations,
descriptive and argumentative writing).
 Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19 453403 0.
 Reading and Study Skills by John Langan
 Study Skills by Riachard Yorky.

LINEAR ALGEBRA & ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS 3(3+0)
Objectives:
To make the students aware of the existence, classification, solutions and
applications of different types of Differential Equations

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Sr. Course Learning Taxonomy
Domain Learning
No Outcomes level
Outcome
1 2

2 4

Contents:
 Introduction and Classification of Differential equation (DE):
 Linear Differential equations. , Classification of DE, Implicit, Explicit
and Initial Value Problems.
 Existence of a Unique Solution:
 Analytical Methods to solve First Order DEs; Separable Equation.
 Linear Equations:
 Exact Equation; Methods to make a Non-exact as Exact DE
 Solution by Substitutions:
 Homogeneous DE, Bernoulli’s DE, Reduction to Separation of
Variable.
 Difference between linear and Non-linear Differential equations.
Applications of First Order Linear Des.
 Miscellaneous Problems and Applications.
 Basic Theory of Higher order DEs; Linear DEs. Homogeneous Des.
32
 Homogeneous linear DEs with constant coefficients.
 Non-Homogeneous linear DEs with constant coefficients, and
variable coefficients.
 Variation of Parameters.
 The Laplace Transform:
Basic Theory and its properties, Inverse Transforms.
 Transforms of Derivatives, Solving DEs,
 Partial Differential Equations (PDEs); Basic Theory, Method of
Separation of Variables. Heat equation.
 Wave Equation and vibration problems. Laplace Equations.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

Text-Books:
 Textbook: Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems (6th
Edition)
 Author: Dennis G. Zill, Micael R. Cullen
 Publisher: Brooks Cole, Thomson Learning, 2006
 Referred as: Zill

Reference Books: (Latest Editions where possible)

 Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems (3rd Edition)
 Author: C. Henry Edwards, David E. Penny, 2007
 Publisher: Pearson Education
 Referred as: Penny

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 3 (3+0)

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Sr. Course Learning Taxonomy
Domain Learning
No Outcomes level
Outcome
Describe basic
knowledge
1 towards Cognitive 1 1
environment and
its surrounding
Understand
fundamental
principles,
2 concepts and Cognitive 2 6
applications of
environmental
engineering
33
Course Outlines:
 Introduction to environmental engineering
 Identification of the factors affecting the environment.
 The causes and effects of environmental pollution (water, air and
land).
 An overview of national environmental problems
 Global environmental issues (acid rain, global warming, ozone
depletion and green house gases).
 Point source and non-point source pollution
 Basic understanding of natural resources characteristics, ecology
and ecosystems
 Urban planning and sustainable development, definition and inter-
relationship between its components.
 Overview of safety and environmental risk assessment

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Mackenzie L. Davis, and Susan J. Masten, Principles of
Environmental Engineering and Science, Third Edition, 2002,
McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0073122351
 Mackenzie Davis, and David Cornwell, Introduction to
Environmental Engineering, Fifth Edition, 2006, McGraw-Hill, ISBN:
0072424117Tom D. Reynolds, Paul A. Richards, Unit Operations
and Processes in Environmental Engineering, Second Edition,
1995, CL-Engineering, ISBN: 0534948847
 Masters, G.M. and W.P. Ela. Introduction to Environmental
Engineering and Science, third edition, 2007, published by Pearson
Education, ISBN 13: 9789332549760

COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING/FUNDAMENTALS OF ICT 3 (2+1)

Objectives:
Teach the structure, operation, programing, and applications of
computers.

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Sr. Course Learning Taxonomy
Domain Learning
No Outcomes level
Outcome
Describe basic
1 knowledge of Cognitive 1 1
ICT

34
Contents:
 History, classification, basic components,
 CPU, memory, peripheral devices, storage media and devices,
 Physical and logical storage, data organization, file storage,
 Programs and software, system software, application software,
 Operating systems, programing languages, compilation and
interpretation,
 Problem specification, algorithms, flow chart, pseudo code,
 Basic programming techniques, data types and declaration, header
file and linkage,
 Variables and constants, arrays, input/output,
 Termination, remark, control structures, branching,
 Conditional structures, repetition and loops,
 Basic library functions, social impact of computer age,
 Computers in office, industry and education.

Lab Outline:
 Computation of number system,
 Implementation of Boolean functions,
 Basic machines organization including motherboard,
 Memory, I/O cards, networking devices,
 Use of flow charts, introduction to office tools, overview of different
browsers including open-source browsers,
 Introduction to various operating systems, coding, executing and
debugging simple programs,
 Implementation of simple control structures,
 Implementation of simple functions, implementation of different
function styles.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Brian Williams and Stacey Sawyer, “Using Information Technology,”
Ninth Edition, 2010, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0073516775
 William Stallings, “Computer Organization and Architecture:
Designing for Performance,” Ninth Edition, 2012, Prentice Hall,
ISBN: 013293633X

ISLAMIC STUDIES 2 (2+0)

Objectives:
 To provide basic information about Islamic Studies and to enhance
understanding of the students regarding Islamic civilization
 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues
related to faith and religious life.

35
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Sr. Course Learning Taxonomy
Domain Learning
No Outcomes level
Outcome

1 1 1

2 2 12

Contents:
 Introduction to Quranic studies: basic concepts of Quran, history of
Quran, Uloom-ul-Quran

INTRODUCTION TO QURANIC STUDIES

 Basic concepts of Quran
 History of Quran
 Uloom-ul -Quran

STUDY OF SELECTED TEXT OF HOLY QURAN

 Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith (Verse No-284-286)
 Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18)
 Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful
(Verse No-1-11)
 Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No. 63-
77)
 Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154)

STUDY OF SELECTED TEXT OF HOLY QURAN

 Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.
6,21,40,56,57,58.)
 Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of
Judgment
 Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar, Tadabar (Verse No-
1,14)

SEERAT OF HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W) I

 Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah (Before Prophet Hood)
 Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah

36
 Important lessons derived from the life of Holy Prophet (SAW) in
Makkah

SEERAT OF HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W) II

 Life of Holy Prophet (SAW) in Madina
 Important events of life of Holy Prophet (SAW) in Madina
 Important lessons derived from the life of Holy Prophet (SAW) in
Madina

INTRODUCTION TO SUNNAH
 Basic concepts of Hadith
 History of Hadith
 Kinds of Hadith
 Uloom–ul-Hadith
 Sunnah & Hadith
 Legal position of Sunnah

SELECTED STUDY FROM TEXT OF HADITH

INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC LAW & JURISPRUDENCE

 Basic concepts of Islamic law & jurisprudence
 History & importance of Islamic law & jurisprudence
 Sources of Islamic law & jurisprudence
 Nature of differences in Islamic law
 Islam and sectarianism

ISLAMIC CULTURE & CIVILIZATION

 Basic concepts of Islamic culture & civilization
 Historical development of Islamic culture & civilization
 Characteristics of Islamic culture & civilization
 Islamic culture & civilization and contemporary issues

ISLAM & SCIENCE

 Basic concepts of Islam & science
 Contributions of muslims in the development of science
 Quranic & science

ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM

 Basic concepts of Islamic economic system
 Means of distribution of wealth in Islamic economics
 Islamic concept of riba
 Islamic ways of trade & commerce

37
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM
 Basic concepts of Islamic political system
 Islamic concept of sovereignty
 Basic institutions of government in Islam

ISLAMIC HISTORY
 Period of Khlaft-e-Rashida
 Period of Ummayyads
 Period of Abbasids

SOCIAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM

 Basic concepts of social system of Islam
 Elements of family
 Ethical values of Islam

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Hameedullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam” , IRI,
Islamabad
 Hameedullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State”
 Hameedullah Muhammad, ‘Introduction to Islam
 Mulana Muhammad YousafIslahi,”
 Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic
Law” leaf Publication Islamabad, Pakistan.
 Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic
Research
Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
 Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of
Crimes”
 Islamic Book Service (1982)
 H. S. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep &
Deep Publications New Delhi (1989)
 Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia”
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (2001)

ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS 2 (2+0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =32 Theory =2
Practical =0 Practical = 0
Total =32 Total =2

38
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
Ser CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND how to apply Cognitive 2 1
the basic thermodynamics to
the human environment, the
basic composition, structure
and dynamics of the
atmosphere,

2. DISCUSS specific Cognitive 3 2

environmental problems related
to physics such as noise
pollution, ozone depletion and
global warming in the context of
an overall understanding of the
dynamics of the atmosphere

Contents:
 Laws of Thermodynamics and the human body,
 Human environment and energy transfers,
 Noise pollution,
 Structure and composition of the atmosphere,
 Ozone in the atmosphere,
 Greenhouse effect,
 Global warming,
 Hydrosphere and hydrologic cycle,
 Water in the atmosphere and clouds,
 Cyclones and anticyclones, global convection and global wind
pattern,
 Physics of ground, and
 Energy for living.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Nigel Mason and Peter Hughes: Introduction to Environmental
Physics: Planet Earth, Life and Climate,Taylor and Francis, 2001
 David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, “Fundamentals
of Physics,” 7th Edition, 2005, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN:
0471465097.
 Arthur Beiser, “Schaum's Outline of Applied Physics,” 4 th Edition,
2004, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0071426116

39
SEMESTER 2

ENGINEERING CALCULUS 3 (3+0)

Objective:
To learn fundamentals of mathematics, calculus and analytical geometry
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Sr. Course Learning Taxono
Domain Learning
No Outcomes my level
Outcome
Describe basic
knowledge towards
1 Cognitive 2
environment and its
surrounding

Contents:
 Review of vectors, scalar and vector products, Definition of limit
and continuity, techniques of finding limits.
 Complex Numbers: Basic Operations, Graphical Representations,
Polar and Exponential Forms of Complex Numbers, De’Moivre’s
Theorem.
 Functions: Hyperbolic Functions, Hyperbolic and Trigonometric
identities and their relationship, Exponential Functions.
 Differentiation: Differentiation and Successive Differentiation
and its
 Application to Rate, Speed and Acceleration, Leibritze’s
Theorem, Equations of Tangents and Normals, Curvature, Radius
and Centre of Curvature, Centre of mass.
 Maxima and Minima of Function of One Variable and its Applications,
Convexity and Concavity, Points of Inflexion.
 Concept of Infinite Series, Taylor’s and Mclaurin’s Series and
Expansion of Functions.
 Partial Differentiation: Partial Differential Coefficient and Chain Rule,
Partial Differentiation of an Implicit Function, Total Differential,
Euler’s Theorem, Statement of Taylor’s Theorem of Two
Independent Variable and its Applications.
 Integral Calculus: Standard Integrals, Integration by Substitution,
by Partial Fractions and by Parts, Integration of Trigonometric
Functions, Definite Integrals and their Properties.
 Co-ordinate Systems in Three Dimensions, Direction Cosines,
Plane (Straight Line) and Sphere.

40
Text/ Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)
 Murray Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, John Schiller, Dennis Spellman
Schaum’s series, Complex, Schum’s series, 2010, McGraw Hill
Publishers, New York, USA.
 Antom, H. Calculus and Analytic Geometry, John Wiley and Sons.
 Talpur, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, Ferozsons
 Yousuf, S. M. Mathematical Methods, Ilmi Kutab Khana
 G. B. Thomas Jr. & MR. L. Finney, Calculus & Analytical Geometry.
 E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, D. Pence, Calculus

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 3 (3+0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =48 Theory =3
Practical =0 Practical = 0
Total =48 Total =3

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. Develop Cognitive 2 1
UNDERSTANDING of
chemistry and its
applications in
environmental engineering
2. PREPARE students to deal Cognitive 3 2
with chemical principles
operation in natural and
altered environment.

Course Outline

1. Introduction to environmental chemistry, its scope, importance and

brief history.
2. Basic concepts of various branches of chemistry related to
environmental chemistry:
a. general chemistry,
b. physical chemistry,
c. inorganic chemistry,
d. organic chemistry,
e. biochemistry,
f. photochemistry and
g. colloidal chemistry
h. nuclear chemistry
41
 i. nanochemistry
3. Basic concepts (Acids and bases: pH diagrams, pH buffers,
Precipitation and dissolution, Ion association and dissociation
reactions, Redox reactions).
4. Main components of environment (air, water and soil)
5. Air chemistry (important physical and chemical properties of air)
6. Water chemistry (important physical and chemical properties of
water)
7. Soil chemistry (important physical and chemical properties of soil).
8. Emerging environmental pollutants
9. Transfer and fate of pollutants in soil, air and water

Recommended Books:
1. Ronald A. Hites, Jonathan D. Raff., 2012. Elements of
Environmental Chemistry, John Willey Publishers, USA.
2. Clair N. Sawyer, Perry L. Mc Carly & Geve F Partern, Chemistry for
Environmental Engineering and Science. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
3. Harrison R. M., De Mora S. J., Introductory Chemistry for the
Environmental Sciences, Cambridge Environmental Series No. 17,
Latest Edition, Macmillan Press Ltd.
4. Brimblecombe, P., Jickells T. D., Liss, P. S., An Introduction to
Environmental Chemistry, Latest Edition.
5. Stumm, W. and Morgan J., Aquatic Chemistry, Chemical Equilibria
and Rates in Natural Waters, Latest Edition, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., ISBN 0-471-51185-4.
6. Stanley E. Manahan. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry,
2008, CRC Press

ENGINEERING MECHANICS 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =32 Theory =2
Practical =48 Practical=1
Total =80 Total =3

Prerequisites

NIL

Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

42
 [Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. Recognize the basic Cognitive 1 1
concepts and laws of
kinematics and
dynamics
2. Analyze and solve Cognitive 2 2
problems in mechanics

COURSE OUTLINE:

Statics
1. Vectors
a) Scalars and vectors
b) Components in two dimensions
c) Dot products
d) Cross products
2. Forces
a) Forces, equilibrium and free-body diagrams
b) Two-dimensional force systems
3. Systems of Forces and Moments
a) Two-dimensional description of the moment
b) The moment vector
c) Moment of a force about a line
d) Couples
e) Equivalent systems
4. Objects In Equilibrium
a) Two-dimensional applications
5. Centroids
a) Centroids of areas
b) Composite areas
c) Distributed loads
6. Moment of Inertia
a) Definitions
b) Parallel-axis theorem
c) Polar moment of inertia
d) Radius of gyration
7. Friction
a) Theory of dry friction
b) Frictional forces on screw
c) Frictional forces flat belt
8. Truss
a) Method of joints
b) Method of section

43
Dynamics
1. Rectilinear and curvilinear motion
2. Newton’s equation of motion
3. Projectile motion (Derivation & Numerical)
4. Numerical involving linear and angular momentum
5. Numerical involving work-energy principle

TEXT BOOKS
Engineering Mechanics – Statics by R.C. Hibbeler (13th edition), 2013
Engineering Mechanics – Dynamics by R.C. Hibbeler (13th edition), 2013

PAKISTAN STUDIES 2 (2+0)

Objectives:
 To develop vision of Historical Perspective, Government, Politics,
Contemporary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan.
 To study the process of governance, national development, issues
arising in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan.

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
[Link] Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Understand
fundamental
principles,
1 concepts and Cognitive 2 6
applications of
environmental
engineering

Contents:
 Historical Perspective: ideological rationale with special reference to
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 Factors leading to Muslim separatism
 People and Land: Indus civilization, Muslim advent, location and
Geo-physical features.
 Government and Politics in Pakistan, political and constitutional
phases:
a. 1947-58
b. 1958-71
c. 1971-77

44
 d. 1977-88
e. 1988-99
f. 1999 onward
 Contemporary Pakistan
a. Economic institutions and issues
b. Society and social structure
c. Ethnicity
d. Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
e. Futuristic outlook of Pakistan

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Akbar, S. Zaidi. Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
 Amin, Tahir. Ethno-National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad:
Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad.
 Ziring, Lawrence. Enigma of Political Development. Kent England:
Wm Dawson& sons Ltd, 1980.
 Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III.
Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and cultural Research,
1998.
 Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Military Perspective.
Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural
Research, 1993.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMING 3 (1+2)

Objectives:
 To learn computer languages,
 To enhance skills of computer programming applications.
 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
 After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
[Link] Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Describe basic
knowledge
1 towards Cognitive 1 4
environment and
its surrounding

Contents:
 Introduction to computer programing, Programme structure and flow
charts.

45
 Programing Fundamentals: Arithmetic operations and functions,
input/output statements,
 Decision making statements and loop functions and subroutines.
 Data and Data Files.
 Computer Languages: Fundamentals of FORTRAN, Visual BASIC
and/or Visual C++ Programing.
 Applications: Programing of simple and elementary environmental
engineering problems.
 Internet: Use of web as an academic tool.

Recommended Books:(Latest editions where possible)

 Gottfried, B. S. Programming with Structured Basics (Schaum
Series), First Edition 1992, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0070238995
 Steve Holzner and Steven Holzner, C++ Black Book: A
Comprehensive Guide to C++ Mastery, 2002, Paraglyph Press,
ISBN: 1932111263
 Evangelos Petroutsos, Mastering Visual Basic 6, Second Edition,
1998, Sybex Computer Books Inc. USA, ISBN: 0782122728

SURVEYING AND LEVELING 3(2-1)

Contact Hours: Credit Hours:

Theory =32 Theory =2
Practical = 48 Practical =1
Total = 80 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Course learning outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. ACQUIRE the basic Cognitive 2 2
knowledge of maps and
drawings and
UNDERSTAND contours
and be able to correlate
them on ground.
2. SOLVE and ANALYZE setting out Cognitive 4 4
of engineering works, geometric
design of roads plot longitudinal
sections and work out quantity of
earthworks etc.
3. DEMONSTRATE in small Psychom 3 9
groups handling and use of otor

46
 survey equipment like total
station levels etc for effective
monitoring of accuracy and
quality of work in the field.

Course Outlines:

Basic Concepts
Definitions of Surveying and Maps, Types of Maps: Small Scale/ Large
Scale Maps, Topographic Map/ Photo Map/ Relief Map, Sign Convention,
Index to Map, Map Grid System, Graticules, Geographic Coordinate
System, Types of North, Magnetic Declineation, The Concept of Bearing
and Directions, Scale: Definition, Methods of expressing scale

Introduction to Survey and Instruments used in Survey

Definitions, Types of survey, Principles of survey, Instruments used for
angle measurements i.e. Theodolite, Total Station. Instruments used for
distance measurements i.e. chains, steel band, metallic tape, electronic
distance measuring equipment, GPS receivers, Measurement of a
Baseline and applying corrections.

Traverse with a Total Station

Advantages of traverse over other methods of establishment of survey
control points, Measurement of angles and distances with a Total Station,
Sources of errors in angle measurements and procedures to nullify errors,
Planning the scheme of a closed traverse, computation of bearings of
traverse lines from given coordinates and observed angles, adjustment of
bearings of a traverse, computation of coordinates, Adjustment of errors
in coordinates of a traverse, Plotting the coordinates of traverse stations
on a graph/drawing sheet to establish network of control points for drawing
map of an area.

Mapping with a Total Station and Computer Software

Traversing with Total Station, recording field data for topographic mapping
using total station, Post processing field data and making a topographic
map using computer software

Leveling and Contouring

Basic definitions, Introduction to instruments used in leveling i.e.
Automatic Level/ Electronic Level, Leveling Staves etc. Setting up and
making measurements with an automatic level, observation and booking
of field work, reduction of levels, adjustment of misclosures, Definition of
Contours, characteristics of contours, uses of contours, methods of
contouring.
47
Books Recommended
1. Surveying principles and Application 9th Edition (2013) by
Kavanagh, B, Mastin, T, Pearson.
2. Surveying and Leveling Vol I & II (1998) by T.P Kanetkar, T. P,
Kulkarni, S. V, Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, India

SEMESTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY 3(3-0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =48 Theory =3
Practical =0 Practical = 0
Total =48 Total =3

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 1
bacterial cell
2 INTERPRET the Cognitive 3 3
beneficial uses and
diseases caused by these
microbes

Course Contents:
1. General introduction and scope: history, basic classifications of
microbes)
2. Microbial anatomy
3. Microbial biochemistry
4. Microbial genetics
5. Microbial growth curves and kinetics
6. Microbial isolation, screening, culturing and maintenance
7. Pathogenicity, immunology, immunogenetics, etc.
8. Various microbial diseases
9. Applications of microbes in various fields (environment, industry,
food)

Recommended Books:
 Microbiology: An Introduction, by Tortora, Funke, and Case
Publisher: 2016, 12th Ed. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
Company.

48
 Pelczar, J.; Michael, Chan, E. C. S.; Kerg, R. (5th Edition).
Microbiology concepts and applications. (Ed. International).
McGraw-Hill. International.
 Microbiology, 7th Edition, by Prescott, Harley and Klein, 2007,
McGraw-Hill Publishers.
 Atlas. M. Ronald. (1st edition). Principles of Microbiology. 1995,
Mosby Year Book, Inc.
 Atlas. M. Ronald. (1st edition). Microorganisms in our world. 1995,
Mosby-Year Book, Inc.

ENVIRONMENT AND ANTHROPOLOGY 2 (2+0)

Theory = 32 Theory =2
Practical =0 Practical = 0
Total = 32 Total =2
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 3
concept of environment
2. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 6
concept of anthropology
3 7

Objectives:
 To introduce anthropological concepts and research techniques for
promoting participation of major groups in environmental
management
 To apprise potential engineers about social factors that contribute
towards enhancing their professional performance for the good of
society and the country
 To enhance understanding about the determinants of human
behavior, which ultimately will result in improved individual efficiency

Contents:
 Introduction to cultural anthropology and its relationship with other
social sciences
 Participatory approaches to environment and development;

49
 Participation of major groups: women, youth and others in the
management of various types of ecosystems
 Culture and Related Concepts
o Definition of Culture
o Types of Culture
o Elements of Culture
o Role of Culture in Organization
o Socialization and Personality
 Population Dynamics
o World Population Growth and Distribution
o Population Dynamics in Pakistan
o Causes and Consequences of Urbanization
o Population Policy in Pakistan
o Population and Development
o Population Forecasting

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Helen K, Eleanor S-O. (2016).” Routledge Handbook of
Environmental Anthropology” Routledge ISBN-13: 978-
1138782877
 Shepherd A., (1998) “Sustainable Rural Development”, St. Martin
Press, Inc.,
 Dr. Khan M I, Tahir B A, Amir S, and Akhtar N, (2004). “Toward
Participatory Management”, Allama Iqbal Open University.36
Curriculum Division.
 Hafeez, S., Changing Pakistan Society. Karachi, Royal Book
Company.
 Maser, C., (1997) Sustainable Community Development: Principles
and Concepts. St. Lucie Press,
 Syed, S. H., The State of Migration and Multiculturalism in Pakistan:
The Need for Policy and Strategy. Islamabad, UNESCO Report,
2003

SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING 2(2+0)

Theory = 32 Theory =2
Practical =0 Practical = 0
Total = 32 Total =2
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
50
 [Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 3
concept of environment
2. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 6
concept of anthropology
3 7

Contents:
1. Introduction
a. Terms and Definitions
b. Introduction to Sustainable Urban Planning
c. Scope of Urban Planning
2. The Distribution and Hierarchy of Settlements
a. Provincial Capitals
b. Local Capitals
c. Fully-fledged Towns
d. Urban Villages or Major Rural Centers
e. Hamlets
f. Isolated Farmhouses
3. Sustainability and Compatibility of Land Use
a. Roads
b. Town Center (Central Business District)
c. The Industrial Area
d. The Residential Neighborhood
e. Open Spaces and Parks
f. Neighbourhood Centre and Sub-Centers
4. Farm and Pattern of Urban Spaces
a. Linear City
b. Grid Iron Pattern
c. Ribbon Development and Growth
d. Radial City
5. Urbanization and Sustainable Development
a. Spatial Growth Pattern
b. Urban Sprawl
c. Slums and squatter settlements
6. Development Plans in Pakistan
a. Master Plans
b. Structure Plans
c. Guided Development Plans
d. Local Plan
e. Action Area Plan
f. Subject Plan

51
7. Urban Planning and Environment
a. Urban Planning and Flooding
b. Impact of Urban Planning on Water Resources
c. Urban Heat Island
8. Strategies for Improvement of Urban Environment
a. Urban Agriculture
b. Shifting of Land Uses

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

Textbook
City planning for civil engineers, environmental engineers, and surveyors
(2009), Kurt W. Bauer

Reference Book
Town Planning in Third World

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 3 (3+0)

Objectives:
 To learn the fundamentals of probability
 To introduce basic concepts and techniques of statistical analysis
and their application in environmental engineering To introduce
statistical packages/software

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able
to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 1
concept of environment
2. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 2
concept of anthropology

Contents:
 Introduction to statistics
 Descriptive Statistics
 Probability and probability distribution
 Random variables
 Sampling statistics
 Hypothesis testing
 Analysis of variance
52
 Linear regression
 Simulation and other statistical methods
 Statistical packages (e.g. SAS, S-PLUS, SPSS)

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Introduction to probability and statistics for engineers and scientists
By Sheldon M. Ross, Elsevier Academic Press, 2009
 Schaum's outline of theory and problems of probability and statistics
By Murray R. Spiegel, John J. Schiller, R. Alu Srinivasan, McGraw-
Hill; 2nd Edition, 2000.

FLUID MECHANICS 4(3+1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours
Theory = 48 Theory =3
Labs = 48 Labs =1
Total = 96 Total =4
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL

Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
Taxonomy
[Link] CLO Domain PLO
level
Apply the fundamental
principles of fluid
1 Cognitive 3 1
mechanics in
environmental systems
Identify and analyze
2 problems in engineering Cognitive 4 2
fluid mechanics

Contents:
 Introduction to fluid mechanics, hydrostatics, kinematics,
hydrodynamics, and hydraulics
 Fluid Statics, pressure intensity and pressure head
 Buoyancy and floatation, equilibrium of floating and submerged
bodies.
 Fluid Kinematics, steady and unsteady flow, laminar and turbulent
flow, uniform and non-uniform flow
 Hydrodynamics, Bernoulli's equation, Energy equation and its
application
53
 Flow Measurement, Venturimeter, Orifices, Mouthpieces and
Nozzles, Pitot tube, Weirs, Notches and Flumes
 Flow in pipes, Darcy-Weisbach equation for flow in pipes, Losses in
pipelines, pipes in series and parallel, transmission of energy
through pipes, Pipes network
 Uniform flow in open channels, Chezy’s and Manning’s equations.
Bazin’s and Kutter’s Formula, Most economical rectangular and
trapezoidal section

Labs:
1. Demonstration of various parts of Hydraulic Bench
2. Experimental study of laminar and turbulent Flow
3. Experimental study of tube gauges and dead weight pressure
gauges
4. Calibration of Orifices
5. Calibration of Venturimeter
6. Calibration of Rectangular and Triangular Notch
7. Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem
8. Determination of Metacentric Height
9. Study of various losses through piping arrangements
10. Measurement of velocity and discharge in open channels

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 E. Finnemore and Joseph Fanzini, Fluid Mechanics with
Engineering Applications, Tenth Edition, 2011, McGraw-Hill
Education, ISBN: 1259002276
 Irving Shames, Mechanics of Fluid, Fourth Edition, 2002, McGraw-
Hill, ISBN: 0072472103
 R. K. Bansal, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, S.I. Units,
Revised Ninth Edition, 2010, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd, New Delhi,
ISBN: 8131808157

ENGINEERING DRAWING & COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 3(1+2)

Contact Hours: Credit Hours:

Theory =16 Theory = 1.0
Practical = 96 Practical = 2.0
Total =112 Total =3.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course outcome:
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

54
 [Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. ANALYZE and Cognitive 6 2
EVALUATE the problems
using imagination while
observing different multi-
view objects.

2. DEMONSTRATE Psychomot 3 3
individually the drawings of or
plan, elevation and cross
sections of buildings and
machine parts
3. 5

Course outline:

1. Introduction
a. Introduction to Engineering Graphics
b. S. specification for preparation of drawings
c. Use of drawing instruments and materials.
d. Basic Tools- classification and brief description
e. Lines, Types of lines, configuration of lines and their
application, Selection of line thickness
f. Selection of Pencils, Drawing sheets, different sheet sizes
and standard layouts.
g. Practicing to draw various types of lines, border lines and title
block.

2. Lettering, Numbering and Dimensioning

a. Vertical and inclined single stroke letters
b. Lettering type A and type B, rules for lettering
c. Dimensioning terminology and method of execution.
Dimension lines, projection lines, leaders or pointer lines,
Arrow heads
d. General rules for dimensioning
e. Methods of dimensioning, Arrangement of dimensions.

3. Geometric Construction
a. Drawing simple geometric objects & introduction to different
types of scales.
b. Drawing simple geometric objects (polygon, pentagon and
hexagons etc).
c. Introduction to Auto Cad Application of its various tools for
Geometric Construction.

55
4. Orthographic Projection
a. Projection theory, 1st& 3rd angle of Projection
b. Projection of principle views from 3D models
c. Projection of the 3rd principle view from other two principle
views
d. Application of various tools of Auto Cad for drawing
orthographic views in 1st and 3rd angle of projection, of 3-D
objects.
5. Sectional views and Auxiliary views
a. Types of section views & Sectioning techniques

6. Building Drawing
a. Basic terminologies regarding building materials,
Understanding of basic stages and elements of Architectural
drawing, introduction & characteristics of diff. types of
drawings developed for any Civil Engg project., Design of
boundary wall
b. Building Architecture and Planning, Definitions Importance
and Applications of Section, Elevation and plan of building,
Architectural design of a building. 2-D views development
based on simple assembly drawings, machine parts and
building components
c. Application of various tools of Auto Cad for Building Drawing

Text and reference books:

1. A Textbook of Engineering Drawing: Along with an Introduction to
AutoCAD (2015) by Roop Lal, Ramakant Rana
2. Engineering Drawing and Graphics Using Autocad, 3/e by T
Jeyapoovan
3. Basics of Engineering Drawing by Z. A. Siddiqui, Dr M. Ashraf and
S. A. Siddiqui.
4. Engineering Drawing with an introduction to AutoCAD by D. A. Jolhe
5. Civil Engineering Drawing by Gurcharan Singh.

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS (2+0)

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
After studying this course, the learners will be able to:- .

Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
S. No Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Describe
fundamental
1 concepts of Cognitive 3 7
economics and
Apply appropriate
56
 economic theories
in the field of
engineering
Illustrate
engineering project
2 according to Cognitive 2 11
economic
perspective.

Course outlines:
 Introduction to economics and its importance in engineering field.
 Basic principles of engineering economics
 Engineering costs & estimates
 Externalities and market failure
 Marginal willingness to pay
 Cost benefit analysis, discounting and present value of net benefit.
 Rate of return and incremental analysis
 Environmental pollutants according to economic criteria
 Economic benefits of renewable and non-renewable resources.
 Pollution control, targets and economic instruments.
 Economics of trans-boundary pollution problems

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks and C. Patrick Koelling, 2015,
Engieering Economy, 16th edition, ISBN: 978-0133439274.
 Hanley, N. J., F Shogren and B White, 2002, Environmental
Economics in theory and practice, Palgrave Macmillan
 David W. Pearce Environmental Economics: An Elementary
Introduction
 Perman, R, Ma, Y, McGilvray, J. 1996. Environmental and Natural
Resource Economics. Longman, London and New York.
 Chan S. Park, Contemporary Engineering Economics, 5th ed.,
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2016,
 James R. K. 1998. The Economic Approach to Environmental and
Natural Resources. Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
 Tietenberg, T, Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 2nd
Edition, 1998, Harper Collins Publishers.

SEMESTER 4

WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER COLLECTIONS 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory = 2
57
Labs = 48 Practical = 1
Total = 80 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL
Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Taxonomy
[Link] CLO Domain PLO
level
IDENTIFY the concepts
and DESCRIBE the 1
1 Cognitive 2
process for the design of
water supply schemes
ANALYSIS and DESIGN of
water supply and
2 Cognitive 5 2
wastewater collection
systems

DEMONSTRATE design of
Psychom
3 water distribution network 3 5
otor
using modern softwares

Course Contents:

Part I: Water Supply Network

 Introduction to water supply schemes: Brief history of water supply
system, Basic terms and definitions, Components of water supply
schemes, Types of water supply schemes, Rural and urban water
supply schemes
 Water Demand and Supply: Population forecast (linear method,
geometric growth method and curve fitting method etc.), Water uses
and consumption, Types and variation in water demands (peak flow,
maximum flow, average flow etc.), Factor affecting water demand
 Preliminary Investigations: Concept of design periods of water
supply components, Factor affecting design period of water supply
component design, Criteria of water source (ground water or surface
water) selection, Source investigation including electric resistivity
surveys, electric well logging etc., Installation of test tube wells to
ascertain safe yield of the aquifer, Safe inter tube well distance

58
 Hydraulics of Water Supply Schemes: Layout of water supply
schemes, Hydraulic design of water transmission lines from source
to point distribution, Description of Hardy Cross method and its
application, Discussion on complete design criteria
 Pipes, Joints & Valves: Type of piping materials, joints and valves
(air relief values, altitude valve, sluice valves etc.), Characteristics
of piping materials, Design life of pipe
 C values of pipes, joint types and their life
 Tube Well and Overhead Reservoir (OHR): Introduction, Design
parameters of tube well, Detailed design of tube well, Capacity of
OHR, Location of OHR, Concept of balancing reservoir
 Concept of water hammer in the big transmission lines and methods
to avoid water hammer

Part II: Wastewater Collections

 Introduction to Sewerage System: Basic terms and definitions, Basic
definitions and terms, Components of wastewater collection system,
Types of wastewater collection systems, Urban and rural
wastewater collection systems
 Wastewater Generation: Estimation of wastewater (average flows,
peak flows), Wastewater characteristics
 Design of sanitary and storm sewers: Concept of self-cleansing
velocity, Hydraulic design of sewer, Development of complete
hydraulic statement for the sewer network for sanitary and storm
sewer, Sewer profiles, Concepts and calculations of Invert levels,
Jointing of sewer, Inflow and infiltration problems into the waste
water systems, Steps involved in the construction of sewers, Sewer
bedding and its types, Various appurtenances in sewer system
(manholes, drop manholes etc.)
 Pipes, Joints & Valves: Type of piping materials, joints and valves,
Characteristics of piping materials, Design life of pipes
 Disposal Station: Components of sewage disposal station (wet well,
dry well, screens), Design criteria for sewage disposal station,
Types of pumps and its characteristics, Concept and design of
septic tank and soakage pits for individual houses
 Health risks/problems associated with faulty design and
configurations of Water Supply and Sewage Network

Labs:
 EPA NET (Software): Introduction of EPA NET, Definition of basic
components, Detailed design of water distribution network using
EPA NET

59
Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)
 Nazih K. Shammas, Lawrence K. Wang, Water Supply and
Wastewater Removal, 3rd Edition, 2010, Wiley, ISBN: 978-
0470411926
 Mark. J. Hammer, Water and Waste Water Technology, Seven
Edition 2011 Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0135114047
 Terence J. McGhee and E. W. Steel, Water Supply and Sewerage,
Sixth Edition, 1991, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0070609381
 Paul Bizier, Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, 2007,
2nd Edition (ASCE)

ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory =2
Practical =16 Practical =1
Total =48 Total =3

Pre-Requisite:
Introduction to Microbiology

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1. Apply the basic principles Cognitive 2 4
of microbial metabolism
for environmental
remediation.

Contents:
1. Brief overview of microbiology (basic classification, microbial
growth)
2. Relationship of microbiology with environmental engineering.
3. Biosafety rules and regulations during isolation and processing of
microbes
4. Microbes-microbes interaction
5. Microbes-environment interaction
6. Microbial role in biogeochemical cycles
7. Microbial pathogens in the environment
8. Rhizobacteria, endophytic and symbiotic bacteria
9. Role of microbes in reclamation of the polluted environment
10. Role of microbes in aerobic and anaerobic biological waste
treatment.

60
Lab work:
1. Microscopy
2. Microbial isolation from soil and water
3. Microbial identification using various chemical and microscopic
methods
4. Microbial dilution and plating methods
5. Coliform MPN Test
6. Bioremediation

Recommended Books:
1. Ian PepperCharles GerbaTerry Gentry, 2014. Environmental
Microbiology. Elsevier Publishers, Netherlands.
2. Ralph Mitches and Ji-Dong Gu., 2010 Environmental Microbiology,
McGraw-Hill Inc.
3. Prescott L. M., Harley G. P., Klei C. A. 1992. Microbiology (4th
edition), McGraw-Hill Inc.
4. Telezar M. A., Chan E. C. S. Microbiology: Concepts and
Applications, McGraw-Hill Inc.
5. Denyer S. P., Gorman S. P. Microbial Bioskills: Formation and
Control, McGraw-Hill Inc.
6. Mitches, R., Environmental Microbiology. McGraw-Hill Inc.
7. Denyer, S.P., Gorman, S.P. Microbial Bioskills: Formation and
Control, 1st edition, 1993, McGraw-Hill Inc.

ECOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT 2 (2+0)

Theory = 32 Theory =2
Practical =0 Practical = 0
Total = 32 Total =2
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites

NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 6
Importance of
Ecological Management
3. APPLY the concepts of Psychomotor 3 7
Ecology in
environmental
engineering
61
Objectives:
 To provide basic concepts of ecosystems
 To learn management techniques for sustainable development of
ecosystem and environment

Contents:
 Basic concepts in ecology
 Structure of ecosystem
 Energy and material flow within ecosystem. Succession: (only basic
concepts). Ecosystem productivity , food webs and food chains
 Types of ecosystems and their management
 Biodiversity and ecological sustainability
 Nutrient cycles and Eutrophication
 Populations / communities and their dynamics and interaction.
 Species, and extinction,
 Impact of unsustainable development activities on man and
ecosystem.

Recommended Books:
 Project Management Institute Project Management Institute 2017. A
Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Third Edition
(PMBOK Guides) - 589 pages
 Garton C, and McCulloch, E., 2012. Fundamentals of Technology
Project Management. MC Press, LLC, 2012 - Computers - 705
pages
 Scott Berkun, 2005, The Art of Project Management. O'Reilly, 488
pages

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS 3 (3+0)

Objective:
 To introduce and acquaint the various techniques for solving linear
and non-linear equations using various numerical methods

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able
to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 2
concept of environment
62
Contents:
 Solution of Non-Linear Equations: Simple interaction, Bisection
method, Newton's method, Secant method, Method of false
position.
 Finite Differences: Difference operations and tables, differences of
polynomials, Newton's and Gauss interpolating technique for
equally spaced data, simple theorems on divided differences,
Newton's formulation for unequal intervals, Lagrange's formulation
of interpolation, numerical differentiation, curve fitting by the method
of least squares.
 Numerical Integration: Review of integration concept and their
physical significance for engineering, Trapezoidal and Simson's rule
numerical integration techniques.
 Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations: Jacobi's method,
Gauss-Settle method, Sparse matrices, solution of differential
equations, Euler and modified Euler methods, Runge Kutta and
Kutta Merson methods.
 Eigen-values and Eigen-vectors: Interactive and transformation
methods, Eigen-values of tri-diagonal matrix.
 Solution of Polynomial Equations: Polynomial equations, finding
initial approximations and complete solution of polynomial
regression analysis.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Murray R. S., Schaum's Outline of Complex Variables, 2nd Edition,
2009
 Scheid F. J., Schaum's outline of theory and problems of numerical
analysis, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1989
 Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis by ParvizMoin,
Cambridge University Press, 2010

HYDROLOGY 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory = 2
Labs = 48 Labs = 1
Total = 80 Total = 3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL
Course Learning Outcomes:

63
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Taxonomy
[Link] CLO Domain PLO
level
Apply the knowledge of
hydrological cycle and
1 Cognitive 3 1
hydrological principles for
estimating water balance
Analyze various
hydrological components
2 using appropriate Cognitive 4 2
hydrological techniques
(surface and groundwater)

Contents:
 Definitions: Hydrology, hydrological cycle, importance and
applications of hydrology.
 Atmosphere and its composition, solar radiation as a source of heat,
air temperature. Relative humidity, dew point. Saturation deficit.
Measuring devices for the above mentioned parameters. Global
climate change.
 Precipitation: Types of precipitation, factors required for
precipitation, measurement of precipitation, interpretation of
precipitation data, computation of average rainfall over a basin.
Effects of precipitation on the hydrological regime of a region.
 Evaporation and Transpiration: Factors affecting evaporation,
measurement of evaporation, evapo-transpiration. Humidity-
evaporation / transpiration relationship.
 Stream Flow: Water stage and its measurement, selection of site for
stage recorder, selection of control and metering section, methods
of measurement of stream flow, interpretation of stream flow data.
Instrumentation (analogue & digital), monitoring of flow.
 Runoff and Hydrographs: Rainfall-Runoff relationship, Factors
affecting runoff, estimating the volume of storm runoff.
Characteristic of Hydrograph, components of a hydrograph,
hydrograph separation, estimating the volume of direct runoff,
introduction to unit hydrograph concept, S-curve, Application of
probability in determining maxima/minima of discharge. Types of
histogram and distribution, time of concentration.
 Stream Flow Routing Introduction to floods and its causes,
frequency and duration analysis. Reservoir routing, channel routing.
Flood Control – methods & management.
 Sub-surface / Groundwater: Introduction, sources and discharge of
ground water. Water table and confined and unconfined aquifers,

64
 groundwater hydraulics, pumping test. Drawdown, yield. Methods
for determining subsurface water storage.

Labs:
1. Measurement of relative humidity using Pshychrometer
2. Measurement of rainfall using different rain gages
3. Estimation of average rainfall by using Isohyetal and Theissen
Polygon methods
4. Measurement of evaporation using different types of evaporation
pans
5. Study working of weather station
6. Measurement of water table depth
7. Determination of ground water flow rates and direction
8. Determination of well losses and well efficiency
9. Determination of hydraulic conductivity by laboratory methods
10. Determination of hydraulic conductivity by field methods
11. Determination of aquifer properties
12. Field visits

Recommended Book:
 S.E. Serrano, Hydrology for Engineers, Geologists & Environmental
Professionals, 2nd Edition, 2010, HydroScience, Incorporated;,
ISBN: 0965564347.
 Warren Viessman, Jr. and Gary L. Lewis, Introduction to Hydrology,
Fifth Edition, 2002, Prentice Hall, ISBN: 067399337X
 Victor Miguel Ponce, Engineering Hydrology: Principles and
Practices, First Edition, 1994, Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0133154661

Teaching Methods:
 Lectures
 Demonstration and Hands-on
 Assignments
 Quizzes
 Field Visits

THERMODYNAMICS 3(2+1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory = 2
Practical =0 Practical = 1
Total = 32 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
65
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-

Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
[Link] Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Acquainted with
basic principles of
1 Thermodynamics to Cognitive 1 1
develop an intuitive
understanding
Use of
thermodynamics
2 Cognitive 3 2
applications in
professional practice

Course outlines:
 Thermodynamic systems, properties, state, processes, ideal gas
equation of state, work and heat.
 The first law of thermodynamics, cyclic processes and non-cyclic
processes applied to closed and open systems, stored energy,
internal energy, flow energy, enthalpy, specific heats, and
statements of the second law of thermodynamics.
 Processes in formation of steam, property diagrams; property
tables, Rankine cycle.
 Classification & working of different types of steam generators,
mountings and accessories, performance of steam generators.
 Classification of steam turbines, overall efficiency of steam turbines.
 Gas turbine cycles, applications, combustion process.
 Classification of air compressors, working of reciprocating and
rotary air compressors, performance of compressors.
 Classification and working mechanism of internal combustion
engines.

Practical/Lab. Work:
 Practical related to the topic covered in theoretical section.

Recommended Books:
 Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Daisie D. Boettner, Margaret
Bailey, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, John
Wiley & Sons, 7th Edition, 2010.
 Sanford Klein, Gregory Nellis,” Thermodynamics”, Cambridge
University Press, 1st Edition, 2008.

66
 T. D. Eastop and Ma Conkey, Applied Thermodynamics for
Engineering. 5th Edition, 1993, Pearson Publishers, UK
 Rayner Joel, Technologist Basic Engineering Thermodynamics G.
F. C. Rogers and Y. R. Mayhew Engineering Thermodynamics,
Work and Heat Transfer.
 Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles,” Thermodynamics: An
Engineering Approach”, 7th Edition, 2001, McGraw-Hill, USA.

SEMESTER 5

WATER TREATMENT 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory =2
Practical = 48 Practical =1
Total = 80 Total =3
_____________________________________________________

Prerequisites
Introduction to Environmental Engineering

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. I DENTIFY fundamentals Cognitive 2 1
of water treatment
2. ANALYZE water Cognitive 5 3
treatment unit operations
and processes and
EVALUATE water
treatment unit design
3. Measure and Psychomotor 3 9
INTERPRET water
quality parameters and
Estimate coagulant,
flocculent, and chlorine
dosages

Course Outline

1. Water Quantities and Water Quality

a. Water demand
b. Water quality
2. Preliminary Unit Operations and Processes

67
 a. Pre-treatment unit operations
3. Coagulation and Flocculation
a. Coagulation
b. Flocculation
4. Sedimentation
a. Settling Types
b. Sedimentation Basins
c. Inclined Settling Devices
5. Filtration
a. Single-Medium Filters
b. Multimedia Filters
c. Upflow Filtration
6. Adsorption
a. Column Contacting Techniques and Equipment
b. Fixed-Bed Adsorption Columns
c. Moving-Bed Countercurrent Adsorption Columns
d. Fluidized Beds
7. Ion Exchange
a. Softening and Demineralization
b. Ammonia Removal
8. Disinfection
a. Chlorination
b. Ozonation
c. UV Irradiation

Labs
a. Preparation of solution and their standardization
b. Measurement of temperature, pH and conductivity of water samples
c. Determination of water turbidity using the Standard Method
d. Determination of water alkalinity
e. Determination of water hardness

Text Books (s)

 "MWH's Water Treatment: Principles and Design" by John C.
Crittenden, R. Rhodes Trussell, David W. Hand, Kerry J. Howe,
George Tchobanoglous (Third Edition, 2012)
 “Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering” by
Tom D. Reynolds and Paul A. Richards (Second Edition, 1996)
 Mark M. Benjamin, Desmond F. Lawler “Water Quality Engineering:
Physical / Chemical Treatment Processes” 1st Edition

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 2(2-0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours
Theory = 32 Theory = 2
Practical= 0 Practical = 0
68
Total = 32 Total =2
Prerequisites

NIL

Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1. Identify and describe Cognitive 2 6
relevant theoretical
concepts related to
professional ethics
2. Recognize and apply Cognitive 3 8
ethical principles in
various academic,
professional, social, or
personal contexts.

COURSE OUTLINE:

1. Introduction:
Social Living: Society & its nature, the social structure, culture and
the value system. Important theories. Islamic approach to ethics.

2. Engineering Ethics:
Senses of Engineering Ethics – Variety of moral issues – Types of
inquiry – Moral dilemmas. Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg’s theory –
Gilligan’s theory – Consensus and Controversy – Professions and
Professionalism – Professional ideals and virtues – Theories about
right action – Self-interest – Customs and religion – Use of Ethical
Theories

3. Engineering as Social:
Engineering as experimentation – Engineers as responsible
experimenters – Codes of Ethics – A Balanced Outlook on Law –
The Challenger Case Study.

4. Engineer’s Responsibility for Safety:

Safety and risk – Assessment of safety and risk – Risk Benefit
Analysis – Reducing risk – The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl
Case Studies

69
5. Responsibilities and Rights:
Collegiality and loyalty – Respect for Authority – Collective
Bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest – Occupational
Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights – Discrimination.

6. Global Issues:
Multinational Corporations – Environmental Ethics – Computer
Ethics – Weapons Development – Engineers as Managers –
Consulting Engineers – Engineers as Expert Witnesses and
Advisors – Moral Leadership – Sample code of conduct.

Code of Conduct of Pakistan Engineering Council,

Code of Conduct and Ethics of National Accountability Bureau (NAB)
Islamabad

Recommended Books:
 Morton Winston & Ralph Edelbach (2013), Society, Ethics and
Technology, Fifth Edition, Wadsworth Publishing; ISBN:
1133943551
 Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger (2009), Introduction to
Engineering Ethics (Basic Engineering Series and Tools), Second
Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York, ISBN: 0072483113
 Charles B. Fledderman (2012), Engineering Ethics, Fourth Edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, ISBN: 0132145219
 Stephen L. Carter (1996), Integrity, Basic Books, Harper Perennial;
English Language Edition, ISBN: 0060928077
 Tom Rusk (1993), The Power of Ethical Persuasion: From Conflict
to Partnership at Work and in Private Life, Viking Press, New York,
ISBN: 0670846171
 Code of Conduct (SRO 1463 (1) / 78), Pakistan Engineering
Council, Islamabad
 Code of Conduct and Ethics, National Accountability Bureau,
Islamabad

SOIL MECHANICS 4(3-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 48 Theory = 3
Labs = 48 Labs = 1
Total = 96 Total = 4
__________________________________________________________
Prerequisites

NIL

70
Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Taxonomy
[Link] CLO Domain PLO
level

Identify relationships
between physical
1 characteristics and Cognitive 1 1
mechanical properties
of soil
Develop a
9
2 comprehensive soil Cognitive 4
investigation report

Contents:

 Significance. Soil, rock and their types and formation. Physical

properties of soil: water content, voids ratio, porosity, degree of
saturation, specific gravity, unit weight and their determination
 Mass-volume relationships (density; in-situ, bulk, field)
 Importance of classification tests. Atterberg's limits, grain size
distribution (coarse & fine soils), classification systems (ASTM,
AASHTO, Unified, etc.)
 Soil exploration, purpose and methods of soil exploration.
 Probing, test trenches and pits, auger boring, wash boring, rotary
drilling, and geophysical methods, soil samplers.
 Disturbed and undisturbed samples. Introduction to geotechnical
report writing, Bore log.
 Darcy's law, factors affecting permeability, laboratory and field
determination of permeability, hydraulic conductivity, Surface
tension, capillary and its effects, suction in soils.
 Seepage force. Introduction to flow net. Estimation of seepage
quantity.
 Quick sand condition. Sand boiling, Filters (Slow and Rapid sand
filters).
 Fundamental concepts and definitions moisture-density relationship
(OMC Curve), compaction standards (Proctor Test), factors
affecting compaction, field moisture control and measurements of
in-situ density.
 Field compaction equipment (rolling, tamping, vibratory).
 Mechanics of consolidation, theory of one dimensional
consolidation, assumptions and validity, types of foundation
71
 Compression index, co-efficient of compressibility, time factor,
 Coefficient of volume change and degree of consolidation,
 Primary and secondary consolidation. Normal and pre-consolidated
soils. Creep, Differential Settlement.

Labs:

1. Determination of Moisture Content/water content in soil by oven

drying method
2. Determination of specific gravity of fine soil by pycnometer/relative
density bottle
3. Determination of field density of soil by Sand Cone Apparatus
4. Determination of optimum moisture content and maximum density
by Standard Compaction Test
5. Characterization of coarse grained soil by sieve analysis and
developing particle size distribution curve
6. Characterization of fine grained soil by Hydrometer Analysis and
developing PSD curve
7. Determine fineness of soil
8. Determine liquid limit of soils
9. Determining plastic limit of soils
10. Determine shrinkage limit of soils
11. Determine hydraulic conductivity of fine grained soil by variable
head method
12. Determine hydraulic conductivity of coarse grained soil by constant
head method

Recommended Books:
 R. Whitlow, Basic Soil Mechanics, Fourth Edition, 2000, Prentice
Hall, ISBN: 0582381096
 Karl Terzaghi, Theoretical Soil Mechanics, Seventh Printing, 1954,
John Wiley and Sons, ASIN: B000IN4IUW
 T. William Lambe and Robert V. Whitman, Soil Mechanics,
International Edition, 1979, Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471024910

SOLID WASTE ENGINEERING & MANAGEMENT 4(3-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 48 Theory = 3
Labs = 48 Labs = 1
Total = 96 Total = 4
__________________________________________________________

72
Prerequisites

NIL
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:-

Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
[Link] Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Understand the
sources, composition
1 Cognitive 1 3
and characteristics of
the solid waste
Distinguish the waste
generation & collection
2 requirement and Cognitive 4 4
Analyze optimum
collection system

Design the final

3 disposal/management of Cognitive 5 6
solid waste

Course outlines:
 Sources of solid waste i.e. Municipal, Industrial, Nuclear, and others.
 Solid waste generation.
 Characteristics of solid waste management.
 Waste quantification, waste minimization and waste processes.
 Waste collection, transfer, scavenging, transport and disposal.
 Recycling issues, aluminum, paper and cardboard, plastics, yard
waste, organic wastes, construction and demolition wastes and
others.
 Composting and its types, anaerobic digestion and its types,
Incineration, Gasification & Pyrolysis.
 Landfills types, siting and design considerations, control of landfill
leachate & gases
 Thermal treatment.
 Disposal of Integrated Waste, Underground Storage Tanks
Construction, Installation & Closure.

Practical/Lab. Work:
 Practical related to the topic covered in theoretical section.

73
Recommended Books:
 Solid Waste Engineering: A Global Perspective 3rd Edition (2016)
by William A. Worrell, P. AarneVesilind, Christian Ludwig
 Integrated Solid Waste Management, by John Tchanobaglus,
McGraw Hill
 Shah, Kanti L. Basic of Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
Technology, Prentice Hall.
 Tchobanoglous, G., Theisen, H. and Vigil, S. (1993). Integrated
Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management
Issues
 Tchobanoglous, George and Kreith, Frank (2002). Handbook of
Solid Waste Management, Second Edition

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory =2
Practical = 48 Practical = 1
Total = 80 Total =3
_________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. IDENTIFY Cognitive 2 4
fundamentals of
geographical
information system
(science)
2. ANALYZE geospatial Cognitive 4 2
data
3. APPLY GIS concepts Psychomotor 3 5
and tools for solving
problems

Course Outline
1. Introduction and Overview of GIS
2. Data Types and Data Models/structures

74
 a. Raster Data Models, Vector Data Models
b. Conversion Between Raster and Vector Data Models
c. ArcGIS supported data formats
d. File Geodatabase and tables
3. Earth Model
a. Representing the Earth
b. Map Projections
c. Geographic and projected coordinate systems,
4. Visualization of Spatial data and Basics of Cartography
5. Spatial Data Queries and Analysis
6. GIS Modeling and Modeling Tools
7. Introduction to Global Positioning System (GPS)
8. Spatial Analysis
9. Network analysis
10. 3D analysis
11. GIS Applications in multidisciplinary fields utilizing GIS concepts and
tools

Lab Outline:
Main focus on providing hands-on experience using latest GIS software
(ArcGIS 10x or latest, ILWIS, QGIS) in understanding and applying GIS
concepts introduced in this course including
1. Viewing
2. Projecting
3. Digitizing (editing and creating GIS data)
4. Spatial and non-spatial Queries
5. Processing tabular data
6. Geo-processing
7. Geo-referencing
8. Spatial Analysis
9. Modeling
10. Presenting maps (labeling, layouts)
11. ESRI online courses

Text Books (s)

 Bolstad, P. (2012), “GIS Fundamentals”, 4th Ed, Atlas Books.
 Chang, K. T. (2015), “Introduction to Geographical Information
Systems” Higher Education, McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 1259613445,
9781259613449
 Clarke, K. (2010), “Getting started with Geographic Information
System”, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New York. ISBN –10:
0131494988
 Heywood, I., Cornelius, S. and Carver, S. (2006), “An introduction
to Geographic Information System”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall. ISBN-
10: 0131293176

75
 Huisman, O. and de By, R. A.(2009), “Principles of Geographic
Information Systems: An Introductory Textbook”, ITC Educational
Textbook Series; 1, ISBN 978-90-6164-269-5
 Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., and David, W. R.
(2015), “Geographic Information Systems and Sciences”, 4th EDd.
John Wiley & Sons.
 Kennedy, Michael. The global positioning system and ArcGIS. 3 rd
Ed. CRC Press, 2009.
 Shahab Fazal ”GIS BASIC”. (2008). Copyright © 2008, New Age
International (P) Ltd., Publishers.
 SGorr, Wilpen L., and Kristen S. Kurland. "1Basic Workbook."
(2014). [For Lab]

SEMESTER 6

PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 3(3+0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory = 3
Practical = 0 Practical = 0
Total = 32 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 4
importance of planning and
management of projects
2. EVALUATE key phases of Cognitive 5 11
a project w.r.t. time and
budget
3. APPLY EIA concepts in Psychom 3 3
environmental engineering otor

Course Outline
1. Introduction to project planning and management and
understanding of its need

76
2. Defining project life cycle (process of initiating,
planning/scheduling/cost, executing, controlling and closing the
project)
3. Project approval processes
4. Introduction to contracting and tendering
5. Developing project team, defining role of team players, developing
leadership skills,
6. Responsibility, accountability, and effective communication skills,
and managing conflicts.
7. Managing the project scope, time, work flow (Gantt Charts, Network
diagram, Pert Charts, CPM, etc.), project resources, project quality,
project human resource requirements,
8. Managing project communication (reports, meetings,
correspondence, etc.), management of risk and changes in the
project.
9. Project monitoring guidelines, setting up monitoring and control
process.

Text Books (s)

 A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge ( PMBOK®
Guide )—Fifth Edition (ENGLISH) (New edition will be released in
2017)
 Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling,
and Controlling by Harold, PhD. Kerzner, 11 Ed. 2013
 Saarniniemi, Jose. "Risk management in ERP Projects: Case:
Upgrading to Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2009." (2013).
 The Art of Project Management (Theory in Practice (O'Reilly)) by
Scott Berkun

WASTEWATER ENGINEERING 3(2-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =32 Theory =2
Practical =48 Practical = 1
Total =80 Total =3

Prerequisites

Introduction to Environmental Engineering

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

77
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND Cognitive 2 3
fundamentals of wastewater
generation
2. ANALYZE waste water Cognitive 5 4
treatment unit operations
and processes and
EVALUATE water treatment
unit design.
3. DEMONSTRATE measurement of 3 9
physico-chemical and biological Psychom
wastewater quality parameters otor

Course Outline
1. Wastewater generation and impurities
Strengths and characteristics of wastewater, design criteria, types
of treatment units, sizing of units, reactions and reactors
2. Septic Tank
a. Principles of septic tank
b. Leachfield
c. Design of septic tank
3. Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP)
a. Principles of WSP
b. Types of WSP
c. Arrangement of WSP
d. Design of WSP
4. Preliminary and Primary Treatment Units
o Approach channel, equalization basins, screen chamber, grit
chambers, aerated grit chambers, skimming tank
o Primary settling tank, functions, design criteria, flotation
systems, design considerations
5. Aerobic Biological Treatment of Wastewater
o Concept of biological treatment
o Classification of treatment processes
o Aerobic biological treatment
o bio-kinetic coefficients
o Design considerations
6. Aerobic Suspended Growth Treatment
a. Principles of aerobic suspended growth systems
b. Types of suspended growth systems
c. Conventional activated sludge system
d. Extended aeration system
e. Aerated lagoon system
7. Aerobic Attached Growth Treatment
a. Principles of aerobic attached growth systems
78
 b. Types of attached growth systems
c. Trickling filter system
d. Rotatory Biological Contact Reactors
8. Anaerobic Biological Wastewater Treatment
o Removal concept and system concept, anaerobic reactors
9. Sludge Management
a. Sludge management techniques
b. Design of drying beds
10. Constructed Wetlands
a. Introduction of construction wetlands
b. Types of construction wetland
c. Design of construction wetlands

Labs
a. Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen by Wrinkler Method
b. Estimation of Total and Faecal Coliforms using
c. Determination of Chemical Oxygen demand of wastewater
d. Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand of wastewater
e. Determination of Residual Chlorine by Iodometric Method
f. Determination of Solids (TS, TDS, TSS, SS, TVF and TVS) in
Water /Wastewater Samples
g. Estimation of the Optimum Coagulant Dose by Jar Test
Apparatus
h. Determination of Nitrate-Nitrogen by Spectroscopy

Recommended Book
 Wastewater Treatment: Concepts and Design Approach (2 nd
Edition, 2013) by G.L Karia and R.A. Christian
 -“Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and Resource Recovery”, 5th
Edition by Metcalf & Eddy (2013)
 -“Biological Wastewater Treatment”, Third Edition 3rd Edition by C.
P. Leslie Grady Jr (2011)
 -“Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment”, Ronald
L. Droste (1996)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 3(3-0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory = 32 Theory =3
Practical =0 Practical =0
Total = 32 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL
79
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1 Analyze and Cognitive 4 2
mitigate significant
impacts of any
project on
environment and
society
2 Apply EIA Psychomotor 3 6
concepts on real-
life problems

Course Outline
 EIA Basics
 Principles, Introduction, Definition, Basic Concepts, types of
assessment, Environment Impact Statement (EIS)
 Decision-making theory and practice: EIA as a decisions-making
instrument
 Environmental issues of Pakistan:
 Implementation of EIA: Role of EPAs, EPDs etc.
 EIA Process: Screening, Scoping, Checklist for rapid
environmental assessment (REA) of ADB, Baseline Data,
Identification of Impacts and Evaluation of Alternatives, Assessing
the Impacts (methods and techniques), Assessing the Impacts
(methods and techniques), Mitigation (importance, approaches and
methods) and identification of suitable alternatives, minimization of
pollution and remedial measures, Reporting (Pakistan guidelines for
reporting EIA, required legal documents and guidelines), EIA quality
review, EIA Follow-up (objective, component, regulations, process
and challenges), Public Participation and Consultation, EIA Reports,
Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), Monitoring, Auditing
 EIA Effectiveness: Framework, Criteria, Introduction to Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Text Books (s)
 Environmental Impact Assessment Course Curriculum for Higher
Education Institutions in Pakistan by Fischer, T. B. and Nadeem, O
(2014), IUCN, Pakistan,
[Link]
pdf.

80
 Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment, Fourth Edition
(2012). John Glasson, Riki Therivel, Andrew Chadwick. Publisher:
Routledge (Third Edition Available at
[Link]
iki_Therivel_Andrew_Chadwick_IntBookos.org_.pdf
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Handbook for Pakistan
(2014). Author: Thomas B. Fischer. Publisher: IUCN, Pakistan.
[Link]
 Environmental Impact Assessment by Larry W Cantt (2 nd Chapter of
Environmental Engineers' Handbook by David H.F. Liu, Bela G.
Liptak 1999 CRC Press LLC)
 Environmental Impact Assessment: A Guide to Best Professional
Practices by Charles H. Eccleston, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis
Group, LLC, 2011
 Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment, Third Edition
(2009). Peter Morris and Riki Therivel. Publisher: Routledge

AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL 4(3-1)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =48 Theory =3
Practical =48 Practical =1
Total =96 Total =4
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1 ANALYZE their impacts Cognitive 4 2
on environment and
society
2. PRACTICE air and noise Psychom 3 9
pollution instrumentation otor
and monitoring

Course Outline

1. Introduction
a. Air and noise pollutants (indoor and outdoor)
b. Sources of air and noise pollution (indoor and outdoor)
c. Greenhouse Effect/Global Warming

81
 d. Ground Level Ozone Pollution
e. Ozone Depletion
f. Environmental impact of EM radiation and Radon
g. Acid Rain
h. Natural Cleansing Process in the Atmosphere
i. Health effects of air and noise pollution
2. Basic Meteorological Processes
a. Atmospheric lapse rate and thermodynamics
b. Wind velocity and wind rose
c. Atmospheric stability
d. Boundary layer concept
e. Effect of Meteorology on Plume Rise and Dispersion
3. Air Quality Regulations
a. Air Pollution Index
b. Air Quality Regulations in Pakistan
c. Air Quality Standards (National and provincial)
d. Other international guidelines such as World Bank, WHO,
IFC, ISO and OSHA standards, etc.
4. Air Quality Modeling
a. Types of Plumes
b. Flow Regimes of a Plume
c. Plume Rise
d. Ambient Air Concentration Modeling such as Gaussian
Dispersion Models, Plume Dispersion Parameters
5. Technology for Air and Noise Pollution Control

Lab Outline
Air and noise pollution instrumentation and monitoring of PM10, PM2.5,
COx, NOx, SOx, noise pollution, indoor pollution, Radon, EM radiation

Text Books (s)

 Noel. D. Nevers, Air Pollution Control Engineering, Second Edition,
1999, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0070393672
 Debi Prasad Tripathy, Noise Pollution, 2011, APH Publishing
Corporation, ISBN: 8131303403
 C. David Cooper and F. C. Alley, Air Pollution Control: A Design
Approach, Fourth Edition,.2010, Waveland Pr Inc, ISBN:
157766678X

REMOTE SENSING 3(2-1)

Contact HoursCredit Hours
Theory =32 Theory =2
Practical =0 Practical =1
Total =32 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

82
Prerequisites
NIL

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. ANALYZE and interpret Cognitive 4 2
remote sensing data

2. APPLY remote sensing Psychomo 3 5

concepts in solving tor
problems

Course Outline
1. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing
b. History of remote sensing
c. Electromagnetic radiation
d. Preprocessing and processing of data
e. Basic principles of Photogrammetry
2. Sensors
a. 0, Medium and High Resolution Satellites
3. Image Rectification and Restoration
a. Datum, Projection and Coordinate System
b. Geometric Correction
c. Data Mosaicking
4. Image Interpretation
a. Introduction
b. Interpretation elements
5. Image Enhancements
a. Introduction to digital image processing (DIP)
b. Perception of colors
c. Visualization of image data
d. Color composites
e. Filter operations (noise removal, edge enhancement)
f. Contrast Manipulation
g. Spatial Feature Manipulation (Spatial filtering, convolution,
edge enhancement, Fourier analysis)
h. Multi-Image Manipulation (Spectral ratioing and differencing,
density slicing, Indices)
6. Image Classification
1. Principles of image classification
2. Unsupervised Classification
3. Supervised Classification
7. Maps and their cartographic representation
83
8. Microwave Remote Sensing
9. Remote Sensing data applications

Lab Outline
1. Introduction to basic tools of Image Processing Software (e.g.
ERDAS Imagine, ENVI, IDRISI etc.)
2. Color composites
3. Layer stacking
4. Various sensors data comparison
5. Feature recognition
6. Visual image interpretation
7. Mosaicking
8. AOI
9. Image enhancement
10. Classification (supervised and unsupervised)
11. Spectral signatures and indices

Text Books (s)

 Lillesand, Thomas, Ralph W. Kiefer, and Jonathan Chipman.
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 7th Ed. John Wiley &
Sons, 2014.
 Gibson, Paul. Introductory remote sensing principles and concepts.
Routledge, 2013, ISBN: 0415196469
 Weng, Qihao. An introduction to contemporary remote sensing.
McGraw Hill Professional, 2012., 1st Ed, ISBN: 978007140111
 Campbell, James B., and Randolph H. Wynne. Introduction to
remote sensing. Guilford Press, 2011, 5th Ed., ISBN:
9781609181765.
 Jensen, John R. Remote sensing of the environment: An earth
resource perspective 2/e. Pearson Education India, 2009, ISBN:
9788131716809
 Mather, Paul M., and Magaly Koch. Computer processing of
remotely-sensed images: an introduction. John Wiley & Sons,
2011.4th Ed, ISBN: 9780470742389

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (3+0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =48 Theory =3
Labs =0 Labs =0
Total =48 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites

84
NIL

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-
Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
[Link] Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Demonstrate current
rules and regulations
1 pertaining to Cognitive 3 8
environmental health
and safety
Analyze and
experiment safety
protocols and
2 Cognitive 4 6
equipments in the field
of environmental
engineering

Course outlines:
 Basic principles of public health;
 Communicable & non communicable diseases and their control
measures.
 Vector and Rodent Born Disease Control
 Introduction to Environmental Health and Safety
 Overview of Occupational Safety and Environmental Protection
 Elements of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
(OHSAS-18001)
 ISO 14001
 Housing and Institution Hygiene
 Industrial/nuclear hygiene and safety,
 Accident prevention and elimination plans,
 Role of health and safety personnel
 Industrial-nuclear and occupational rules and regulations in
Pakistan
 Agricultural Pesticides Rules, and ordinance
 Technologies Applied to Integrated Pollution Control, Hazardous
Waste Management
 Radioactivity; transport, storage & use of toxic chemicals-radio
nuclides, occupational health programs

85
Recommended Books:
 Mark A. Friend and James P. Kohn, Fundamentals of Occupational
Safety and Health, Sixth Edition, 2014, Government Institutes,
ISBN: 978-1605907062.
 Sandy Cairncross and Richard G. Feachem, Environmental Health
Engineering in the Tropics: An Introductory Text, Second Edition,
1993, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471938858.
 Joseph A. Salvato, Environmental Engineering. & Sanitation, 4th
edition, 1992, Wiley Interscience, ISBN: 978-0471523772

SEMESTER 7

INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (3+0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =48 Theory =3
Labs =0 Labs =0
Total =48 Total =3
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites

NIL

Course Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Taxonomy
[Link] CLO Domain PLO
level

Apply scientific
principles for water
1 Cognitive 3 7
resources planning
and management

Contents:

 Basic concepts in water resources

 Surface and groundwater resources of Pakistan

86
 Water resources consumption in domestic, industrial, agricultural
sectors and losses due to seepage, evaporation and
evapotranspiration
 Rainwater harvesting
 Planning and development of water resources
 Indus Water Treaty and Water Accord 1991 (IRSA)
 Classification of dams, barrages and head works
 Limnology: phosphorus as the limiting nutrient
 Elementary concept about canal head works, selection of their site
and layout, weirs and barrages, various components and functions
 Sedimentation control in dams, rivers and canals
 Canal head regulators, falls, flumes, canal outlets. Cross drainage
works: types and functions. Canal lining. Maintenance of irrigation
canals. Monitoring of flows-telemetry system
 Design of weirs on permeable foundations, sheet piles and cut off
walls
 Definition and types of irrigation. Merits and demerits of irrigation,
Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)
 Design of irrigation channels, Kennedy’s and Lacey’s Theories.
Rational methods for design of irrigation channels, comparison of
various methods, computer Aided design of irrigation channels
 Irrigation methods (surface, sprinkler, drip) and practices,
 Irrigation scheduling
 Causes and effects of water logging and salinity
 Reclamation of water logged and saline soils, drains and tube wells.
Causes and effects of salinity and alkalinity of lands in Pakistan
 Understanding the concepts of drainage, land reclamation, surface
drainage, subsurface drainage, cross-drainage structures, disposal
of drainage effluents

Recommended Books:
 Iqtidar H. Siddiqui, Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 2003,
Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780195473568
 Ray K. Linsley, Joseph B. Franzini, and David L Freyberg, Water
Resources Engineering, Fourth Edition, 1991, McGraw-Hill, ISBN:
0070380104
 Sharma, R. K. and T. K. Sharma, Text Book of Irrigation
Engineering: Irrigation and Drainage, Vol-I to V. 1991, Oxford and
IBH Pub. Co., ISBN: 8120405080 (Vol-I)

TECHNICAL WRITING AND PRESENTATION SKILLS 2 (2+0)

Objectives:
 To enhance language skills and develop critical thinking
87
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:
 Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able
to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 11
concept of environment

Contents:
1. Presentation skills
 Essay writing
o Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative
 Academic writing
o How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper
o How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis
on style, content, language, form, clarity, consistency)
2. Technical Report writing
3. Progress report writing

Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)
 Patterns of College Writing (12th edition) 2012 by Laurie G. Kirszner
and Stephen R. Mandell. St. Martin’s Press.
 College Writing Skills by John Langan. McGraw-Hill Higher
Education. 2004.
 Writing. Advanced by Ron White. Oxford Supplementary Skills.
Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 435407 3 (particularly suitable for
discursive, descriptive, argumentative and report writing).
Reading
 The Mercury Reader. A Custom [Link] by norther
Illinois University. General Editiors: Janice Neulib; Kathleen Shine
Cain; Stephen Ruffus and Maurice Scharton. (A reader which will
give students exposure to the best of twentieth century literature,
without taxing the taste of engineering students)

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND POLICIES 2(2-0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =32 Theory =2
Practical=0 Practical =0
Total =32 Total =0
__________________________________________________________
88
Prerequisites
Introduction to Environmental Engineering

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. Learn about the means and Cognitive 7
scope of Environmental
Planning and formulation of
the Environmental plans for
controlling the Environmental
issues/problems through
national, international and
global efforts.
2. Educate on international Cognitive 8
treaties, protocols,
Environmental legislation and
policies.

Course Outline

1. International Law and Environment: Introduction; History and

Structure of International Law;
2. State Responsibility in International Law;
3. International Conventions and Conservation Strategies Current
status of the environment in Pakistan, Conservation strategies
(NCS, SPCS).
4. Organizational and Institutional Framework for environmental
conservation and management: scope and status in Pakistan.
5. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997, its regulations,
the Review of IEE/EIA Regulations, 2000, the Environmental
Laboratories Certification Regulations, 2001 and the rules,
6. National Environmental Quality Standards (Self-Monitoring the
Reporting by Industries) Rules, 2001,
7. Administrative Penalty Rules 2005, Hazardous Substances Rules
and the Hospital Waste Management Rules 2000
8. Pakistan Environmental policy 2005; Draft National Environmental
Policy; National and Provincial Climate change Policies; France
Agreement 2017.

Text Books (s)

1. Review of Environmental Protection Agency Regulations, 2000:
(Review of Initial Environment Examination and Environmental
Impact Assessment), National Impact Assessment Program, 2014
IUCN Pakistan
89
2. Environmental Laws and their implementation in Pakistan, Qadar,
S. Law Books House, 2000.
3. Ball, S. and Bell, [Link] Edition. Environmental Law-The law and
policy relating to the protection of the Environment. 2 nd Ed. London
black stone press limited.
4. Barrow, C.J. Latest Edition. Development the Environment:
Problems and management. Essexm London.
5. Bimie, P. W., and Boyle, A.E., “International Law and the
Environment”, Clarendon Press, London, 2009. ISBN:
9780198764229.
6. Hansen, P. E. and Jorgensen, S.E. Latest Edition. Introduction to
Environmental management. Development in Environmental
modeling. 18: Amsterdam, Elsevier.
7. Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (2000). IUCN,
[Link]

INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 3(3-0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours

Theory =48 Theory =3
Practical =0 Practical= 0
Total =48 Total =3

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will demonstrate
competency by being able to:

[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO

level
1. UNDERSTAND the sources, Cognitive 2 2
composition and
characteristics of the waste
and basic concepts of
treatment in terms of
combined or individual
treatment scheme
2. DISTINGUISH the waste Cognitive 4 3
generation & collection
requirement and ANALYZE
optimum collection treatment
mechanism
3. DESIGN the final Cognitive 5 4
disposal/management of

90
 chemical or biological sludge
generated from treatment

Course contents:
1. Definitions of industrial and hazardous wastes
2. Types and characteristics of industrial wastes
3. Industrial waste reduction and reuse
4. Waste audits and their types
5. Liquid waste management
6. Waste to energy from Industrial Waste
7. Pollutant types
8. Waste sources from various processes and their composition
9. Waste sources and composition
10. Sample collection and analysis protocol
11. Waste minimization and recycling potential
12. Stream segregation and waste quantification
13. Types of treatment for various waste streams
14. Types of treatment for various waste streams
15. Gaseous wastes and their treatment
16. Most polluting industries in Pakistan and NEQS
17. Environmental regulations and Penalties
18. Case Study of Textile Waste Management+ Field Trip
19. Case Study of Tannery Waste Management + Field Trip
20. Case Study of paper and sugar Mills Waste Management + Field
Trip

TEXT AND MATERIAL:

Recommended Books (Latest editions where possible):
 Vivek V. Ranade, Vinay M Bhandari, Industrial Wastewater
Treatment, Recycling and Reuse 1st Edition (2014). Elsevier
publishers, Netherlands, ISBN: 978-0-08-099968-5
 W. Eckenfelder Jr., Andrew Englande Jr. Industrial Water Quality
4th Edition, 2008, McGraw-Hill Publishers USA
 Industrial Wastewater Management, Treatment, and Disposal, 3e
MOP FD-3 (WEF Manual of Practice) 3rd Edition by Water
Environment Federation.
 Michael D. LaGrega, Phillip L. Buckingham and Jeffrey C. Evans,
Hazardous Waste Management, Reissue Edition, 2010.

ELECTIVE I
Select from the list of elective courses
FINAL YEAR DESIGN PROJECT I 3(0+3)

SEMESTER 8

91
CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES (2+0)

Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs):

After studying this course, the learners will be able to:-
Program
Course Learning Taxonomy
[Link] Domain Learning
Outcomes level
Outcome
Understand Cleaner
Production
techniques as the
1 Cognitive 2 5
advanced tool for
environmental
improvement
Demonstrate and
Categorize cleaner
2 production plans and Cognitive 4 11
strategies for
implementation

Course outlines:
 Basic concepts of cleaner production and sustainable development;
 Its principles, benefits and phases;
 Introduction to CDMs
 Plans and strategies for implementing CP techniques
 Cleaner production and Eco-efficiencies
 Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production
 Study of various hindrances and barriers during CP implementation
 Closed loop operations,
 Methodology and framework for clean production
 Global clean production network
 Corporate social responsibility by Industry
 Incentives for CP investment
 Case studies from industry where the methods of cleaner production
have been applied.

Recommended Books:
 Kenneth L. Mulholland, Identification of Cleaner Production
Improvement Opportunities, 2006, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN:
0471794406
 Promoting Cleaner Production in Developing Countries: The Role of
Development Co-operation, 1995, Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD), ISBN: 9264146318
 Ruth Hillary, Environmental Management Systems and Cleaner
Production, 1997, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN: 0471966622

92
 Paul M. Randall, Engineer's Guide to Cleaner Production
Technologies, 1997, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., ISBN:
1566764238
 Cleaner Production: Global Status 2002, United Nations
Environment Programme.

ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT 3(3-0)

Contact Hours Credit Hours
Theory = 32 Theory = 3
Practical= 0 Practical= 0
Total = 32 Total = 0
__________________________________________________________

Prerequisites
Introduction to Environmental Engineering

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. Understand and identify Cognitive 11
various sorts of energy
resources

Course Contents:
1. Renewable energy principles;
2. Solar radiation characteristics, measurements and local data.
Passive use of solar energy
3. Photovoltaic; Micro-hydroelectric plants;
4. Wind power; Concept and Principles, evaluating potential to use this
resource,
5. Biofuels; Ethanol from Biomass;
6. Wave and tidal and ocean thermal energy; Geothermal energy;
Energy storage (batteries and fuel cells etc.).
7. Hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Role of energy in Green
Economy.
8. Energy conservation and efficient use of energy
9. Energy Inefficiency
10. Clean energy and alternatives sources of energy:
11. Green architecture and green city
12. Energy technology
13. Value engineering and management
14. Energy economic decision making
15. Energy management and conservation:
16. Steps in energy management
93
Recommended Books:
1. Walisiewicz, M. and Gribbin, J. (1st Edition) 2002, Alternative
Energy (Essential Science Series). D K Publishing, New York, USA.
2. Hoffmann, P. Tomorrow’s Energy: Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and the
Prospects for a Cleaner Planet. MIT Press. (Latest Edition)
3. Cassedy, E.D. Prospects for Sustainable Energy: A Critical
Assessment. Cambridge University Press. (Latest Edition)
4. Trivedi, P.R. and Raj, G. Environmental Energy Resources. Akas
deep Publishing, New Delhi. (Latest Edition).
5. Kleindorfer, P et al., (Eds.) Energy, Environment, and the economy:
Asian perspectives .
6. Cheltenham,UK : Edward Elgar.1996. Leitmann, J. Energy ‐
environment linkages in the urban sector. Washington, D.C.
7. World Bank. 1991. O’Callaghan, Paul W. Energy management
.London:McGraw‐Hill.1993.
[Link]’sworld‐
actingnow!:[Link]:The Council 2000.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2 (2+0)

Objectives:
 To introduce the concept of entrepreneurship as a career and
lifestyle choice
 To make student learn about opportunity identification, market
assessment, financing and emerging firm, product innovation,
technology commercialization, business plan development, strategy
and entrepreneurship and managing a growing firm

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
[Link] CLO Domain Taxonomy PLO
level
1. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 10
concept of environment
2. UNDERSTAND the Cognitive 2 11
concept of anthropology

Contents:
 Introduction to entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneurial process
 Business opportunity identification
 Market assessment
 Financing and emerging firm
 Product innovation
94
 Technology commercialization
 Business plan development
 Strategy and entrepreneurship
 Managing the growing firm

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Small Business and Entrepreneurship by Paul Burns and Jim Dew
Hurt
 Entrepreneurial for economic Growth by P. N. Singh
 Entrepreneurship Success by John B. Miner

ELECTIVE II
Select from the list of elective courses

FINAL YEAR DESIGN PROJECT II 3(0+3)

LIST OF ELECTIVE COURSES

MARINE POLLUTION CONTROL 3(3-0)

Contents:
 Effects of pollutant discharges
 Oil spills
 Coastal zone management
 Beach erosion
 Channel dredging and changing sea-level on marine
environment and control measures
 Modeling for pollution dispersion.
 Study of marine biology (organism, fisheries and mangroves),
 Coastal geology and estuarine ecology.
 Marine resources management. Sea water intrusion.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Introduction to Earth Systems Science and Global Environmental
Change, Fred Mackenzie, Printice-Hall 1998
 Case Studies in Oceanography and Marine Affairs George Brows
and Engela Open University, UK 1991
 Ocean Chemistry and Deep Sea Sediments, Open University, UK,
1995
 Sea Water its Composition Properties and Behavior, Evelyn Brown,
Engela Collings, 1995

95
ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY 3(3-0)

Course Description
Environmental Nanotechnology provides a broad overview of
nanotechnology, discussing the fundamental science of nanotechnology
and its applications particularly to environmental fields and generally to
engineering, biomedical applications. The course discusses the
interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology and how the different basic
sciences merge to create the field.
The course provides a background of the understanding, motivation,
implementation, impact, future, and environmental implications of
nanotechnology. The course will also discuss specific applications of
nanotechnology in environmental solutions, energy production, electronic
devices and biomedical fields.

Course Contents
 Introduction.
 Introduction to Environmental aspects of nanoscience and
nanotechnology
 Physical and Chemical properties of Nanomaterials
 Methods of Measuring Properties.
 Environmental Implications
 Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials
 Carbon Nanostructures.
 Self-Assembly and Catalysis.
 Organic Compounds and Polymers.
 Biological Materials.
 Nanomachines and Nanodevices.
 Bulk Nanostructured Materials.

Books
 Mark Wiesner , Jean-Yves Bottero, Environmental Nanotechnology:
Applications and Impacts of Nanomaterials, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill
Education (2007)
 Charles P. Poole, Jr., Frank J. Owens, Introduction to
nanotechnology, 2003, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN: 978-0-471-
07935-4

ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING 3 (3-0)

Objectives:
 To introduce the basic concepts of water quality modeling in river,
lakes and estuaries

96
Contents:
 Introduction
o Understanding of surface water
o Modeling of surface water
o Hydrodynamics
 Water quality and eutrophication
o Overview
o Algae
o Organic carbon
o Phosphorus
o Nitrogen
o Dissolved oxygen
 Mathematical modeling and analysis
o Mathematical models
o Model selection
o Spatial and temporal resolution
o Statistical analysis
o Model calibration and validation
 Water quality modeling of rivers
o Characteristics of rivers
o Hydrodynamics processes in river
o Sediments and water quality processes in river
o River modeling
 Water quality modeling of lakes and reservoirs
o Characteristics of lakes
o Hydrodynamics processes in lakes
o Sediments and water quality processes in lakes
o Lake modeling
 Water quality modeling of estuaries and coastal waters
o Tidal processes
o Hydrodynamics processes in estuaries
o Sediments and water quality processes in estuaries
o Estuarine and coastal modeling

Recommended Book:
 Ji, Z. G. (2017). Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers,
lakes, and estuaries. John Wiley & Sons.

Note: Contents for the rest of elective courses may be made by the
respective universities to fulfill the market needs.

97
 SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR
MASTERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

List of Core Courses

S. No. Course Title Credit
Hours
1 Principles of Environmental Engineering 3(3-0)
2 Water Quality Modeling 3(3-0)
3 Municipal Solid Waste Principles and 3(3-0)
Management
4 Physico-Chemical Water Treatment 3(3-0)
Processes
5 Green Engineering Technologies 3(3-0)
6 Air Pollution Control Engineering 3(3-0)
7 Environmental Impact Assessment 3(3-0)
8 Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes 3(3-0)
9 Renewable Energy Resource Engineering 3(3-0)
10 Meteorology and Effluent Dispersion 3(3-0)

List of Elective Courses

Credit
S. No. Course Title
Hours
1 Water Resource Engineering 3(3-0)
2 Ecology and Risk Assessment 3(3-0)
3 Occupational Health and Safety Engineering 3(3-0)
4 Water Supply and wastewater Collection 3(3-0)
Systems
5 Marine Pollution Monitoring and Control 3(3-0)
6 Modeling of Environmental Systems 3(3-0)
7 Agricultural Pollution Control Engineering 3(3-0)
8 RS and GIS Application in Environment 3(3-0)
10 Environmental Analytical Techniques 3(1-2)
11 Environmental Remediation Engineering 3(3-0)
14 Environmental Laws and Policies 3(3-0)
15 Watershed Management 3(3-0)
16 Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment 3(3-0)
17 Membrane Technology for Water and 3(3-0)
Wastewater Treatment
18 HAPs Characterization and Control 3(3-0)
20 Principles of Environmental Engineering 3(3,0)
21 Research Methodology 3(3-0)
98
Degree Requirements: Students must pass a minimum of 24 credit-hours
coursework and 6 credit-hours of their research work in the form of thesis
if deem fit.
List of Core Courses: In total, there are 9 core courses; out of these,
minimum of 5 courses are to be taken by the students.
Elective Courses: Fifteen elective courses have been formed keeping in
view the needs in the field of Environmental Engineering in the country.
Out of these, a student has to pass requisite number of courses to
complete his total 24 credit hours of coursework.
……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

CORE COURSES
BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES 3(3,0)

Nature of Wastewater, Micro-organisms and Pollution Control, Microbial

Oxygen Demand, Basic Treatment Processes, Sedimentation, Secondary
(Biological) Treatment, The Role of Organism, Anaerobic Heterotrophic
Micro-organisms, Aerobic Heterotrophic Micro-organisms, Autotrophic
Micro-organisms, Assessing Treatability, Toxicity, and Biodegradability,
Fixed-Film Reactor, Activated sludge, modes of operation, sludge
problem, Natural Treatment System, Sludge Treatment and Disposal,
Indicator Organisms.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. C. P. Leslie Grady, Jr., Glen T. Daigger, Nancy G. Love, Carlos D.
M. Filipe Biological Wastewater Treatment, 3rd Edition, 2011, CRC
Press
2. N.F. Gray, BIOLOGY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 2nd
Edition, 2005, Imperial College Press, UK
3. M. Henze, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht, G.A. Ekama, D. Brdjanovic,
Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2008, IWA publishers, USA

GREEN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES 3(3,0)

The Green Engineering Technologies course will serve as a catalyst for

the organic growth of sustainable systems engineering concepts. Green
Engineering can be defined as environmentally conscious attitudes,
values, and principles, combined with science, technology, and
engineering practice, all directed toward improving local and global
environmental quality. This course is consistent and compatible with
sound engineering design principles and is highly interdisciplinary with
team-based projects. Introduction to global environmental issues,
Concepts of Life Cycle Assessment and the Triple Bottom Line
99
(environment, economics, and society) with a focus on engineering
design, Green Systems and Environment,Introduction to fundamentals of
applications of green engineering and ecosystem based adaptations,
Ecosystem based instruments and approaches, Industrial Ecology-
Technology Environment Interaction, Mainstreaming Environment in
Development, Concepts of environmental and environmentally conscious
design and manufacturing problems, Green Technologies for Energy
Production: Opportunities in Control of Carbon emissions, Green
Technologies for Process Industry, Green Technologies for Specific
Applications, Green Technology and Sustainable Development,

Recommended Books
1. Marteel-Parrish, A. E. and Abraham, M. A. 2013, Green Chemistry
and Engineering: A Pathway to Sustainability, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, Hoboken, NJ. doi: 10.1002/9781118720011
2. Singh, Ritu, Kumar, Sanjeev, 2017, Green Technologies and
Environmental Sustainability, Springer.
3. Dustin Mulvaney 2010, Green Technology: An A-to-Z Guide, Sage
Publications Inc. Available at:
[Link]

HAPs CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL 3(3-0)

Definition of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), HAPs emissions by source

category, Key Physical and Chemical Properties, HAPs Characterization,
Measurement Methods of HAPs in ambient air, In-plume measurement of
fugitive and point source emissions, Atmospheric transformations
products of 1990 Clean Air Act title-III HAPs, Inventorying HAPs at
industrial facilities, HAPs Associated Health Risks, Control Strategies and
Applicable Technologies, Thermal Incineration, Catalytic Incineration,
Flares, Carbon Adsorption, Absorption, Enhanced Fine Particulate Control
for reduced Air Toxic Emissions, Fabric Filters, Electrostatic Precipitators,
Venturi Scrubbers, Design and Cost of HAPs Control Techniques,
Integrated approach for ambient air toxic impact analysis, Models for risk
assessment management and design.

Recommended Books
1. Managing Hazardous Air Pollutants by Winston Chow and Katherine
K Connor, CRC Press, 1993.
2. Rapid Guide to Hazardous Air Pollutants, Howard J. Beim, Jennifer
Spero, Louis Theodore, Wiley, 1997
3. Hazardous Air Pollutants, Assessment, Liabilities and Regulatory
Compliance by Jeffrey W. Bradstreet, Noyes Publishers,1996
4. Hazardous Air Pollutants Handbook: Measurements, Properties,
and Fate in Ambient Air by Chester W. Spicer, Sydney M. Gordon,

100
 Michael W. Holdren, Thomas J. Kelly and R. Mukund, CRC Press,
2002
5. Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants by Michael K.
Sink, NSCEP, USEPA, 1991.

RS and GIS Application in Environment 3(3,0)

The course will present and assess the fundamental concepts of GIS and
remote sensing technologies in the contest of environmental
[Link] include the physical basis for remote sensing, remote
sensing systems, digital image processing, data structures, database
design, and spatial data [Link] of applications of GIS and
remote sensing technologies to various environmental applications with a
particular focus on sustainable practices will be used throughout the
[Link] technical papers on GIS and RS applications to
environmental and sustainability issues will be reviewed in class and as
part of homework assignments and class discussion. Multiple GIS
exercise will be used in class and as assignments and presentations. The
course will include discussion and review of public policy and initiatives on
environmental and sustainable development issues relative to current
developments in technology and applications in the overall fields of GIS
and remote sensing.

 Introduction to GIS and Remote Sensing

 Using ArcGIS
 History of Remote Sensing Systems
 Case study examples of environmental applications
 Overview of Current Remote Sensing Systems
 Development of GIS layers and atributes
 Text and Table linking to GIS layers
 Multispectral remote sensing applications
 Image interpretation
 Area and regional analysis with GIS
 Case studies of Environmental Sustainable applications
 Remote Sensor System selection criteria and applications

Recommended Books
1. Srivastava, P.K., Mukherjee, S., Gupta, M., Islam, T. (Eds.) 2014,
Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Research, Springer
Publishers Germany.
2. Andrew Skidmore, 2002, Environmental Modelling with GIS and
Remote Sensing, CRC Press.
3. Abhisek Santra, 2016, Remote Sensing Techniques and GIS
Applications in Earth and Environmental Studies, I SBN13:
101
 9781522518143;EISBN13:9781522518150
URL:[Link]/book/remote-sensing-techniques-gis-
applications/165961

PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 3(3-0)

Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the environment, Global,
regional and national environmental issues, Global environmental issues;
acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, national environmental
problems related to human, wastes, industrial wastewaters and solid
wastes, water, air and radiological pollution. Population and resource
utilization, Environmental degradation processes and environmental
pollution. Effects of pollution on human health and environment.
Sustainable development, definition and inter-relationship between its
components. Strategies for sustainable development. Key elements of
Pakistan National Conservation Strategy. International environmental
conventions and treaties. Introduction to codes and ethics of
environmental engineering Review of national and international codes and
ethics in environmental engineering Relationship between ethics and
human rights and their importance in human settlements and societies.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Mackenzie, L. 2008. Principles of Environmental Engineering and
Science. McGraw Hill Series in Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
2. Vesilind, P.A., Morgan, S.M., Heini, L.G. 2010. Introduction to
Environmental Engineering. 3rd Edition. Cengage Learning.
3. Maczulak, A.E. 2011. Environmental Engineering. Infobase
Publisher.
4. Srinivasamn. 2009. Environmental Engineering. PHI Publisher.
5. Reible, D.D. 1999. Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering.
Lewis Publishers.

Water Quality Modeling 3(3-0)

Basic concept of modeling; Hydrological considerations in water quality
modeling; Low flow frequency analysis; Sources of pollution and types of
wastes; Point and non-point sources; General mathematical formulation of
water quality models for streams and rivers, reservoirs, estuaries;
Biological oxygen demand (BOD); Dissolved oxygen (DO), Bacterial
decay and nitrification; Model calibration and verification; Application of
river models for water quality management;

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Thomson, E.V. 1987. Principles of Surface Water Quality Modeling
and Control. Happer and Row Publishers New York.
2. Manivanan, R. 2012. Water Quality Modelling: Rivers, Streams and
Estuaries. New India Publishing Agency.
102
3. Omole, D. 2010. Water Quality Modelling. Lambert Academic
Publishing.
4. Koios, E.R. 2012. Water Quality Modelling. Beta Script Publishing.

Municipal Solid Waste Priciples and Management 3(3-0)

Solid waste: History, sources, classifications and characteristics;
Collection of solid waste; Types of collection vehicle and vehicle routing,
transfer and transport, design of transfer facility, onsite handling and
storage; Integrated solid waste management and its components;
Industrial waste: Sources, composition and management; Physical,
chemical and biological properties of solid waste; Physical, chemical and
biological transformations of solid waste; Hazardous waste: Sources,
properties and health impacts; Transformation and management of
hazardous waste; Solid waste generation and collection rates; Disposal of
solid waste; Landfill: Overview, planning, design, classification, landfill
construction techniques, landfill siting consideration, reactions and
process/generation of gases, control of landfill gases, management of
landfill gases, leachate management, settlement of landfills, monitoring of
landfills and preliminary design; Composting: Types, methods and design
of composting facilities; Incineration and design of incinerator; Bio-
gasification and design of biogas plants; Socio-economic evaluation of
solid waste management systems.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Tehobanoglous, G. 1993. Integrated Solid Waste Management.
Mcgraw Hill
2. Vesilind, P.A., Worrel, W.A. 2011. Solid Waste Engineering. 2 nd
Edition. Cengage Learning.
3. Theisen, H., Vigil, S.A. 1993. Integrated Solid Waste Management;
Engineering Principals and Management Issues. McGraw-Hill, USA.
4. Wang, L.K., Pereira, N.C. 2012. Solid Waste Engineering and
Management. Humana Press.
5. Christensen, T. 2011. Solid Waste Technology and Management.
John Willy, USA.

Physico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Engineering 3(3-0)

Water treatment: Objectives, water related diseases, sources and
characteristics; Water treatment plant: Types, components, sources and
design basis; Reaction kinetics: Types of chemical reactions. Rate of
reactions, reactor design, mass transfer models of CSTR and plug flow
reactors; Coagulation: Principal, types of coagulants, stability of colloidal
matter, mechanisms for coagulation, chemistry, kinetics and design of
coagulation systems; Flocculation: Types, chemistry kinetics and design
of flocculation systems; Sedimentation: Types and sedimentation basins,
design of sedimentation basins; Floatation systems; Filtration: Theory,
103
types, slow sand filtration, rapid sand filtration, deionised exchange,
mechanisms of water filtration, transport and attachment step, designing
of water filtration systems, pilot plants; Disinfection: Types and design;
Adsorption: Types, principals and application in the industry, kinetics of
adsorption and adsorption isotherms; Ion exchange and demineralization:
Process, mechanisms, types, design of softening and demineralization
systems; Membrane processes: Dialysis, reverse osmosis; Gas transfer:
Theory and application, diffuse aeration systems: Taste and odour:
Sources and control; Corrosion: Sources and control, organic and
inorganic removal; Water treatment facility design

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Tom, D., Raynolts, Richard, P.A. 1996. Unit Operations and
Processes in Environmental Engineering. PWS Publishing
Company.
2. Mwh. 2012. Physico-chemical Processes in Environmental
Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, USA.
3. Kawamura, S. 1990. Integrated Design of Water Treatment
Facilities. Wiley Inter-science, NY.
4. Metcalf and Eddy. 2004. Wastewater Engineering by McGraw Hill.
5. Kawamura, S. 1990. Integrated design of water treatment facilities.
Willy Inter Science, NY.
6. Weber Jr., W.J. 1992. Physico-chemical processes for water quality
control. Jhon Willy and Sons.

Air Pollution Control Engineering 3(3-0)

Overview of air pollution and wastes and their impact, Definition, types and
characteristics of pollutants, Effects of air pollution, Laws and regulations
to control air pollution, Emission estimates, Sources of Pollution Internal
combustion engines, Power generation plants, Chemical industries,
Transformations and Transport of Air Pollutants, Reactions and
scavenging processes, Diffusion etc. as a means of transport,
Measurements and Modeling of Air Pollution, Meteorology Models to
estimate air pollution concentration, Control Methods for Different Types
of Air Pollutants, Primary particulate matter sampling and control
,Selection, Evaluation, and Application of Control Devices, Design of
Cyclones, Scrubbers, Filters, Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP) &
Adsorption, Analysis and control of volatile organic compounds (VOC's),
Control of SOx and NOx emissions, Emissions and their Control from
Industrial Processes, Design of Furnaces and boilers, Air emission control
strategies for the power industry, Different strategies used for emission
control from furnaces, boilers and engines.

104
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Lawrence, K.W., Pereira, N.C., Hung, Y. 2004. Air Pollution Control
Engineering. Humana Press.
2. Mycock, G.C., McKenna, J.D., Theodore, L. 1995. Handbook of Air
Pollution Control Engineering and Technology. CRC Press.
3. Nevers, N.D. 2010. Air Pollution Control Engineering. McGraw Hill
Publisher.
4. Rao C.S. 2006. Environmental Pollution Control Engineering. 2nd
Edition. New Age International.
5. Davis, W.T. 2000. Air Pollution Engineering Manual. Air & Waste
Management Association.

Environmental Impact Assessment 3(3,0)

Environment and environmental issues; Environmental economics;
Environmental organizations, legislations, standards; ISO-14000 and
Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs); Pollution charges. Components
for environmental assessment: Screening, scoping, baseline study,
mitigation, monitoring, prediction and auditing; Environmental impact
methodology; Environmental impact Assessment (EIA); Introduction,
overview, principles and purposes, significance to the society, cost and
benefits, main stages in EIA process, law, policy and institutional
arrangements for EIA systems, public involvement, screening, scoping,
impact analysis, mitigation and impact management, reporting, review of
EIA quality, decision-making to implement the project, project
implementation and follow up; EIA project management; Social impact
assessment (SIA); National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs) for
air, liquid, solids, and noise; Role of quality assurance and quality control
in environmental analysis; EIA Regulations 2000 of Pakistan; Introduction
to Environmental Management (EM): Why, how, what, who; Legislative
background to environmental management; Introduction to EM tools;
Integrated pollution control; 3 tier approach to EM; Environmental
management systems: ISO, LCA; Public involvement in environmental
management.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Hosetti, B.B. 1998. Environmental Impact Assessment and
Management. Daya Publishing House.
2. Morgan, R.K. 2002. Environmental Impact Assessment: A
Methodological Perspective. Kluwer Academic Publications.
3. Glasson, J., Therivel, R., Chadwick, A. 2005. Introduction to
Environmental Impact Assessment. Routledge Publisher London.
4. Morris, P., Therivel, R. 2009. Methods of Environmental Impact
Assessment. Taylor & Francis Publisher.
5. Ryding, S. 1994. Environmental Management Handbook. IOS
Press.

105
6. Calow, P.P. 2009. Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment
and Management. John Willy Inc.

Renewable Energy Resource Engineering 3(3-0)

Introduction to renewable energy resource: Solar energy, wind energy,
hydropower, geothermal, hydrogen and nuclear energy, Need for
alternative energy sources, Overview of energy conservation,
Thermodynamic limitations, Basics of solar energy: Heat transport and
storage, Photovoltaic cell technology, Active and passive solar design,
Large scale solar Energy generation, Energy storage systems, Wind
energy: How windmills work, Wind energy: Production facilities,
Hydroelectric power: Feasibility and risks, Comparative review of
sustainable energy technologies, Economic aspects of renewable energy,
Temporal aspects of renewable engineering.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Twidell, J., and Weir, T. 1986. Renewable energy resources. Taylor
and Francis Publication, USA.
2. Smith, Z.A., and Taylor, K.D. 2008. Renewable and alternative
energy resources: A reference handbook. ABC-CLIO Publications
3. Craddock, D. 2008. Renewable energy made easy: Free energy
from solar, wind, hydropower, and other alternative energy sources.
Atlantic Publishing Company
4. Tiwari, G.P., and Mishra, R.K. 2011. Advanced renewable energy
sources. Royal Society of Chemistry

METEOROLOGY AND EFLUENT DISPERSION 3(1,2)

Introduction to Meteorology, Air pressure, winds, and circulation,
Atmospheric Stability, Temperature and Moisture, Meteorological factors
affecting pollution dispersion; Physical principles of atmospheric transport
processes. Variation of pollutant transport in time and place, Local and
regional concentrations of pollutants, Steady state solution of the diffusion
equation; Gaussian plume model GPM) (for point, line and area sources;
Calculation of plume rise; Stack design Plume trajectory analysis and long
range transport; Tracer Experiments Emission inventories; Dispersion of
pollutants released into water bodies and soil; Pollutants dispersion
modeling in air and surface waters. Eulerian and Lagrangian dispersion
modeling concepts. Micro, Regional and Meso-scale Meteorological
Model and GPM using computational tools.

Recommended Books
1. Beychok, Milton R. (2005). Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion,
4th Edition.
2. Arya, S. Pal (1998). Air Pollution Meteorology and Dispersion, 1st
Edition, Oxford University Press

106
3. Turner, D.B. (1994). Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion
Estimates: An Introduction to Dispersion Modeling, 2nd Edition,
CRC Press.
4. Pielke, Roger A. (2001). Mesoscale Modeling, 2nd Edition, Elsevier.
5. Cooper, J.R., Randle, K. and Sokh, R.G (2003). Radioactive
Releases in the Environment, 1st Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
6. Perianez, Raul (2005). Modelling the dispersion of radionuclides in
the marine environment: an introduction, 1st Edition, Springer.

ELECTIVE COURSES

Bioreactor, Biotechnology for Environment 3(3-0)

Concept and scope of environmental chemistry; Chemical reactions,
kinetics and mechanism concerning to organic and inorganic pollutants;
Fundamentals of aquatic, atmospheric and soil chemistry; Fate of
pollutants in environment, their sources and toxic actions; Acid rain and
chemistry of acid rain reactions; Greenhouse effect and its effects on
biological systems; Ozone chemistry, its causes and adverse effects on
environment; Physical and chemical properties of water, wastewater, air
and soil; Acid-base equilibrium, chemical kinetics, oxidation-reduction and
solubility reactions; Mechanism of coagulation, adsorption, precipitation,
absorption, disinfections; Persistent organic pollutants (POP’s); Nuclear
chemistry and biochemistry: Basics, classification, nomenclature,
morphology, physiology and growth mechanisms of microbes, influence of
environmental factors on growth and distribution of microbes. Historical
perspective of environmental microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition;
Influence of environment on growth and measurement of growth; DNA
structure and replication; Protein synthesis; Microbial metabolism;
Microbiology of terrestrial environments, aquatic microbiology, aero-
microbiology and food microbiology; Biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P,
and S with special emphasis on their environmental impact;
Biodegradation and bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Manaha, S. E. 2000. Environmental Chemistry. Lews Publisher
London.
2. Britten, G. 1994. Wastewater Microbiology. Willy Inter-science New
York
3. Lester, J.N., Birkett, J.W. 1992. Microbiology and Chemistry for
Environmental Scientists and Engineers. E & FN Spon.
4. Hernandez-Esparza, J.G., Doria-Serrano, M., Fregoso-Infante, C.,
Singh, M.M. 2008. Environmental Chemistry. Ibanez Springer,
Germany.
5. Girard, J.E. 2005. Principles of Environmental Chemistry. 1st
Edition, Jones and Barlett, USA.

107
6. Andrews, J.E., Brimblecombe, P., Jickells, T.D., Liss, P.S., Reid,
B.J. 2004. .An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry. 2nd Edition.
Blackwell Science, UK.
7. Maier, F.M., Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P. 2009. Environmental
Microbiology. 2nd Edition, Academic Press, London, UK

Wastewater Engineering and Design 3(3-0)

Wastewater collection and management system: Components of
wastewater flows; types of collection systems, sewer appurtenances and
design criteria, design of septic tanks; Design of wastewater collection
infrastructure; Hydraulics of sewage collection systems; Analysis and
selection of wastewater flow rates; Preliminary design of wastewater
treatment plants; Principals and design of aerobic bioreactors;
Conventional wastewater treatment process; Design of screening
chambers; Design of grit and oil removal chamber; Design of flow
equalization tank; Design of primary clarifier/sedimentation tank; Design
of fixed and attached growth systems; Design of activated sludge
treatment plant; Design of extended aeration plants; Design of biological
contractor plants; Design of trickling filters; Design of membrane of
bioreactors; Design of secondary clarifiers; Design of tertiary treatments;
Disinfection, ozonation, nitrification and de-nitrification; Principals of
aerobic biological treatments; Design of waste stabilization ponds; Design
of aerated lagoons; Principal and design of aeration; Design of constructed
wetlands; Design of an aerobic wastewater treatment plants; Reuse
options of treated wastewater effluent

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Wastewater Engineering by Metcalf & Eddy (2004) McGraw Hill
2. Davis, M. 2010. Water and Wastewater Engineering. McGraw Hill.
3. Karia, G.L., Christian, R.A. 2006. Wastewater Treatment: Concepts
and Design Approaches. PHI Publishers.
4. Russell, D.L. 2006. Practical Wastewater Treatment. John Willy and
Sons.
5. Punmia, B.C. 1998. Wastewater Engineering. Laxmi Publications.

Water Resources Engineering 3(3-0)

Hydrological processes; Watersheds: Types and distribution of
precipitation; Water losses; Flow in stream, river, estuaries, lakes and
reservoirs; Ground water flow and water exploration techniques; Flood and
drought management; Water conservation and harvesting; Water quality
and watershed management; Water flow measurements & hydraulics;
Sustainable development; Introduction to hydrological cycle; Water
resources and their role, limits to water availability, water consumption,
water pollution, water shortage problem and solution, improving water
productivity, water conservation practices; Integrated management of
108
coastal and marine resources; Wetlands resources; Irrigation resources:
Sustainable aquaculture practices; Flood and draught management;
Government policies and programmes; Dams, barrages and their
environmental impacts on farm water management; Recycling and re-use
of wastewater as a resource. Indus Water Treaty 1960; Indus Water
apportionment Accord 1991, relevant intuitions and authorities.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Mays, L.W. 2010. Water Resource Engineering. John Willy & Sons
Inc.
2. Jerrik, B.S. 2011. Water Resource Engineering. Part Press.
3. Duggal, K.N., Soni, J.P. 2005. Elements of Water Resource
Engineering. New Age International Publishers.
4. Challa, S.N.M. 2002. Water Resource Engineering: Principals and
Practices. New Age Publishers.

Ecology and Risk Assessment 3(3-0)

Introduction, principles and concepts of ecosystem; Energy in ecosystem;
Biogeochemical cycles; Principles pertaining to limiting factors; Principles
and concepts at the community and population levels; Species in
ecosystem; Devolution and evolution of ecosystem; Models in ecology;
Freshwater ecology; Marine ecology; Estuarine ecology; Terrestrial
ecology; Concepts and principles in sustainable development and
biodiversity; Habitat damage assessment; End point definition;
Quantification of uncertainty; Predictive risk assessment: Exposure,
organism level effects; Case studies

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Suter, G.W. 2007. Ecological Risk Assessment. CRC Press.
2. Odhum, E.P., Barrett, G.W. 2005. Fundamentals of Ecology.
Thomson Brooks/Cole Publisher.
3. Kangas, P.C. 2004. Ecological Engineering. Principals and
Practices. Lewis Publishers
4. Matlock, M.D., Morgan, R. 2011. Ecological Engineering Design:
Restoring and Conserving Ecosystem. John Willy & Sons Inc.

Occupational Health and Safety Engineering 3(3-0)

Principles of public health; Introduction and basic concept of environment
related health problems; Public health issues; Communicable and non-
communicable diseases; Water borne, air borne, food borne and
sanitation related diseases and control measures; Occupational health;
Human exposure and health impact prevention and control; Industrial
pollution and safety plans; Accident prevention procedures, safety
principles and practices; Standards of occupational health and safety;
Occupational health and safety in Pakistan; Labour code of Pakistan
(1986); Industrial and occupational rules and regulations in Pakistan;
109
Trans-boundary and global health concerns; Industrial hygiene and safety;
Accident prevention and elimination plans; Fire protection techniques;
Safety equipments.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Yassi, A., Kjelllström, T., de Kok, T., Guidotti, T.L. 2001. Basic
Environmental Health. 1st Edition. Oxford University Press New
York, USA.
2. Koren, H. 1980. A Handbook on Environmental Health and Safety:
Principals and Practices. Pergamon Press Inc. USA.
3. Caeneross, S. 1993. Environmental Health Engineering. Willy
Interscience.
4. Woodside, G., Kocurek, D.S. 1997. Environmental, Safety, and
Health. John Willy & Sons Inc.

Water Supply and Wastewater Collection Systems 3(3-0)

Water supply and wastewater collection systems. Estimates of water
demand and wastewater flows. Water consumption, factors affecting
water consumption, variation in water consumption. Fire demand. Sources
of wastewater. Wastewater flow rates and variations. Design period.
Methods for estimation of design population. Design flows for water
supply and wastewater systems. Water and wastewater quality
parameters. Drinking water quality and human health. Water quality
guidelines and standards. WHO guide line for drinking water quality. Water
source. Initial investigation for selecting water source. Design and
construction of tube wells. Well troubles and their solution. Water
collection systems for surface water sources. Water transmission and
distribution system. Components, layouts. Hardy cross method for pipe
network analysis. Design of water distribution systems, construction,
testing and commissioning of distribution systems. Overhead reservoirs,
their function, location and capacity. Different varieties of water supply
pipes. Valves and fire hydrants used in water supply systems. Sewer
systems and their layout. Sanitary and storm sewers. Sewer
appurtenances. Hydraulics of sewers. Design of sanitary and storm
sewers. Design of wastewater pumping stations. Loads on sewers. Sewer
pipes and beddings. Layout of sewers.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Lal, D.L., Upadhyay, A.K. 2009. Water Supply and Wastewater
Engineering. S.K. Kataria and Sons.
2. Tchobanoglous, G. 2003. Wastewater Engineering. John Willy and
Sons Inc.
3. Folwell, A.P. 2012. Water Supply Engineering: The Designing,
Construction and Maintenance of Water Supply Systems. Hard
Press Publishing.

110
4. Gould, E.S. 2012. The Elements of Water Supply Engineering. Hard
Press Publishing.

Marine Pollution Monitoring and Control 3(3-0)

Effects of pollution discharges, oil spills, coastal development, beach

erosion, channel dredging and changing sea-level on marine environment
and control measures, modeling for pollution dispersion. Study of marine
biology (organism, fisheries and mangroves), coastal geol ogy and
estuarine ecology. Marine resources management. Sea water intrusion.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Hofer, T.N. 2008. Marine Pollution: New Research. Nova Science
Publisher.
2. Clark, R.B., Frid, C., Attrill, M. 2001. Marine Pollution. Oxford
University Press.
3. Hassan, D. 2006. Protecting the Marine Environmen from Land
Base Source of Pollution. Ashgate Publishing.
4. Chapra, S.C. 2008. Surface Water Quality Modelling. Waveland
Press.

Modeling of Environmental Systems 3(3-0)

Basic concepts, definitions and types; Environmental systems modeling,
objectives and choices; Sensitivity analysis and sources of error;
Introduction to numerical methods, reaction type and orders of reactions;
Conservation of mass, energy and momentum; River/stream quality;
Development of models; Water quality models of rivers, lakes, reservoirs,
estuaries; Contaminants transport models for groundwater and soil, air
pollution dispersion models; Noise pollution models in urban centers;
Environmental planning models.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Weber, W.J., Digiamo, F. 1995. Process Dynamics in Environmental
System. Wiley Interscience.
2. Ford, A. 2009. Modelling the Environment. Island Press,
Washington DC.
3. Webber, W.J. 2001. Environmental Systems and Processes:
Principals, Modelling and Design. Willy Interscience.
4. Michael, L.D., Winebrake, J.J. 2000. Dynamic Modelling of
Environmental Systems. Springer-Verlag

Agricultural Pollution Control Engineering 3(3-0)

Pre-historic agricultural land use and environmental impacts;
Environmental quality impacts and risks of nutrient pollution; Fertilizers as
a source of pollution and control measures; Nitrate pollution in soil and
ground water and eutrophication; Management factors to reduce fertilizer
111
pollution; Agricultural management practices and accelerated soil erosion;
Agro-ecosystem impacts from pesticides; Mechanisms for human and
environmental exposure to pesticides: drift, runoff, leaching, and
occupational exposure; Water contamination, toxicity and safety
measures; Environmental impacts of intensive tillage; Carbon loss, effects
of erosion on downstream or downwind ecosystems; Practical solution to
soil erosion; Field and crop based control strategies of erosion; Soil quality
impacts of intensive tillage; Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Risks
and benefits; Herbicide, insecticides and antibiotic resistant crops.
Environmental quality risks of transgenic organisms; Emergence of
contemporary agri-environment policy; Adoption of sustainable farming
practices.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Merrington, G. 2002. Agricultural Pollution: Environmental Problems
and Solutions. Taylor and Francis.
2. Scheirling, S.M. 1995. Overcoming Agricultural Pollution of Water.
World Bank Publications.
3. Shortle, J.S., Abler, D.G. 2001. Environmental Policies for
Agricultural Pollution Control. CABI Publishing.
4. Gandhi, G., Salpekar, A. 2010. Agricultural Pollution. Jnanada
Prakashan Publisher.

Remote Sensing and GIS 3(3-0)

Introduction to geo-informatics; Resources of information;
Photogrammetric surveying; Aerial and satellite photogrammetry; Global
positioning system (GPS), Fundamentals of satellite systems;
Navigational and earth satellites; Positioning systems GPS/Galileo;
Integrating GPS data in GIS; Fundamental of GIS, data analysis and
output; GIS applications in environmental problems; Fundamentals of
remote sensing; Satellite imageries, image processing and interpretation;
Physical basis of remote sensing, sensors, platforms, resolutions; Image
processing techniques; Classification and digital mapping; Spatial data
types and acquiring considerations, Data models and structures;
Projections and transformations; Attribute-based operations and spatial
analysis. .

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Kennedy, M. 2002. The Global Positioning System and GIS. 2 nd
Edition. Taylor & Francis, New York.
2. Thomas, M., Lillesand, Kiefer, R.W. 2005. Remote Sensing and
Images Interpretation. 5th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Bhatta, B. 2011. Remote Sensing and GIS. Oxford University Press.
4. Kumar, S. 2005. Basics of Remote Sensing and GIS. Firewall
Media.

112
5. Mesev, V. 2007. Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing. John Willy
& Sons Inc.

Applied Mathematics for Environmental Engineers 3(3-0)

Error analysis and computer arithmetic; Linear systems of algebraic
equations; Solution of large system of linear algebraic equations;
Nonlinear algebraic equations; Finite difference; Numerical differentiation
and integration laws of probability; Conditional probability; Measures of
central tendency and measures of dispersion; Continuous random
variable and its probability density function; Functions and their
approximation to poisson distribution; Sampling and estimation; Statistical
tests; Regression analysis; Analysis of variants; Design of experiments

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Strauss, M.J., Bradley, G.L., Smith, K.J. 2002. Calculus. Prentice
Hall, USA.
2. Folland, G.B. 2002. Advanced Calculus. First edition. Prentice Hall,
USA.
3. Ervin, Kreyszing, E. 2011. Advanced Engineering Mathematics.
Jhon Willy and Sons.
4. Hritonenko, N., Iatsenko, I.P., Yatsenko, Y. 2003. Applied
Mathematical Modelling of Environmental Problems. Kluwer
Academic Publishers.

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 3(1-2)

Basic concepts regarding solution preparation; Environmental sampling
methods and sample preservation; Basic concepts regarding
environmental analysis; Instrumental techniques for environmental
analysis; Sample preparation, principle, application, instrumentation;
Advantages and disadvantages of the instrumental techniques including
noise meter, gas analyzer, gas chromatography (GC); High performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ion exchange and gel exclusion
chromatography; Atomic absorption spectrophotometer; Inductively
coupled plasma (ICP); Polymerase chain reactions and gel
electrophoresis

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Lee, Y., Lee, S.C. 2001. Advanced Analytical Techniques and
Application. Elsevier Publications.
2. Hochachka, P.W., Mommsen, T.P. 1994. Analytical Techniques.
Elsevier Publications.
3. Zhang, C. 2007. Fundamentals of Environmental Sampling and
Analysis. John Willy & Sons Incl.

113
Environmental Remediation Engineering 3(3-0)
Soil and water/groundwater pollution due to biological, chemical and
physical entities; Mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of contaminants in
soils; Risk assessment approaches to contaminated sites; Remediation
and treatment of contaminated land forms along with the issues
associated with the treatment; Reuse and land application of liquid and
solid wastes; Pollution control methodologies including various treatment
and remediation technologies; Specific case studies relating to
environmental remediation; Dust-related contaminants (asbestos);
Coastal acid-sulfate soils; Acid mine drainage and bioaccumulation of
toxins

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Suthersen, S.S. 2005. Insitue Remediation Engineering. CRC
Press.
2. Suthersen, S.S. 1997. Remediation Engineering: Design Concepts.
CRC-Lewis Press.
3. Wise, D.L. 2000. Remediation Engineering of Contaminated Sites.
M. Dekkar Publisher.
4. Chen, F.U. and Morris, M.D. 2000. Soil Engineering: Testing,
Design and Remediation. CRC Press.

Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology 3(3-0)

Contents:
Modul-1: Chemistry
 Physical and Chemical Properties of Water, Wastewater, Air and
Soil.
 Acid- base Equilibrium
 Chemical Kinetics
 Oxidation-Reduction and Solubility Reactions.
 Mechanisms of Coagulation, Adsorption, Precipitation, Absorption
and Disinfections.
 Persistent Organic Pollutants (pop’s).
 Nuclear Chemistry and Biochemistry.
 Hardness, Alkalinity, Buffer Solution
 pH-PC diagram,
 Endothermic and Exothermic reactions, Redox reactions.

Module-II: Microbiology
 Fundamental Concept of Biology
 Stoichiometric Chemistry of micro-organisms
 Classification, Nomenclature, Morphology,
 Physiology and Growth Mechanisms of Microbes;
 Energetic and Interaction among biological population
114
 Influence of environmental factors on growth and distribution of
microbes;
 Concept of Bio-technology as applied to the pollution control and
waste degradation.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Chemistry for Environmental Engineers by C. D. Sawyar,
McGraw-Hill (latest edition).
 Environmental Chemistry by S. E. Manahan (2000) Lews Publisher
London.
 Microbiology for Sanitary Engineering by R. E. Mc Kinmey
McGraw-Hill (latest edition).
 Wastewater Microbiology by G. Britten (1994) Willy Inter-science
New York.

Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control and Management 3(3-0)

Contents:
1. Introduction
 Management of Industrial Wastewater
 O&M Costs
 Management of Solid Wastes from Industries
 Management of Discharges to the Air
2. Fundamentals
 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater
 Polar Solvents versus Nonpolar Solvents, True Solutions
 Emulsification
 Colloidal Suspensions
3. Laws and Regulations
 History of Permitting and Reporting
 Water Pollution Control Laws
 Groundwater Pollution Control Laws
 Air Pollution Control Laws
4. Type of Waste from Typical Industries
 Chemical Descaling
 Degreasing
 Rinsing
 Electroplating of Tin
 The textile industries
 The tanneries
 The Copper Forming Industry
 Prepared Frozen Foods
 Wastes From De-inking
 Die Casting: Aluminum, Zinc, and Magnesium
 Production and Processing of Coke
 The Synthetic Rubber Industry

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  The Soft Drink Bottling Industry
 The Manufacture of Lead Acid Batteries
5. Industrial Storm Water Management
 Prevention of Groundwater Contamination
 Storm water Segregation
 Design Storm
 System Failure Protection
 Storm water Retention
 Storm water Treatment
 Storm water as a Source of Process Water Makeup
6. Waste Characterization
 Wastes Characterization Study
 Wastes Audit
 Environmental Audit
 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater
 Characteristics of Discharges to the Air
 Sample Analysis
 Ambient Air Sampling
 Characteristics of Solid Waste Streams from Industries
7. Pollution Prevention Techniques
 Findings and Policy
 General Approach
 Source Reduction
 The Waste Audit
 Benefits of Pollution Prevention
8. Treatment and Disposal
 Principle and Non-principle Treatment Mechanisms for
wastewater treatment
 Physical, chemical and biological treatment methods for
industrial waste (liquid, solid and gases)
9. Case Studies

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Industrial Water Pollution Control by W. Wesley Eckenfelder, Jr. and
 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT, TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL, WEF, 2008
 Handbook of Industrial Pollution and Control by S. C. Bhatia
 Hazardous Waste Management by Michael D. LaGrega, Phillip L.
Buckingham and Jeffery C. Evans
 Water Quality- Characteristics, Modeling and Modification by
George Tchobanoglous and Edward D. Schroeder

Environmental Laws and Policies 3(3-0)

Contents:
 An introduction to the law
1. The Source of Environmental Law
116
 2. The Litigation Process and Other Tools for Resolving
Environmental Disputes
3. Administrative Law and Its Impact on the Environment

 The environmental laws

1. An Introduction to Environmental Law and Policy
2. Air-Quality Control
3. Water-Quality Control
4. Controlling Toxic Substances
5. Waste Management and Hazardous Releases
6. Energy
7. Natural Resources
8. International Environmental Law

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

Environmental Law, 8th Edition by GARY S. SILVERMAN

Watershed Management 3(3-0)

 Hydrological Processes,
 Watershed and watershed management
 Types and distribution of precipitation,
 Glacier and ice caps-conservation strategy
 Limnology of wetland, lakes, estuaries, deltas and reservoirs
 Water losses and remedial measures
 Flood forecasting and flash floods
 Flow in stream, river, estuaries, wetlands, lakes and reservoirs.
 Ground water flow and water exploration techniques.
 Flood and drought management,
 Water conservation and rainwater harvesting,
 Water quality and water shed management,
 Water flow measurements & hydraulics;
 Sustainable development.

Recommended Books: (Latest editions where possible)

 Water Resource Engineering by Linsley McGraw-Hill.
 Hydrology and Flood plain analysis, by Philip B. Bedent (4th Edition)
 Hydrology and Management of Watersheds (3rd Edition) by
Brooks

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment 3(3+0)

1. Basic Activated Sludge Process Theory

a. Activated Sludge Configurations
b. Conventional including tapered aeration, step feed, and other
loading/aeration adaptations
c. High rate including contact stabilization
117
 d. Extended aeration including package plants
e. Fixed film + suspended growth hybrid systems (RBC, FAST,
MBBR)
2. Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)
a. Nitrification & denitrification
b. Anaerobic phosphorus removal
3. Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBR)
a. General Design and Process Theory
b. External separation systems
c. Submerged (internal) systems
d. BNR adaptations
4. Sludge Processing
a. Sources and Characteristics of Sludge
b. Grit and screenings
c. Primary sludge
d. Scum
e. Secondary sludge
f. Volume Reduction and Stabilization
g. Aerobic digestion including auto thermal aerobic digestion
h. Anaerobic digestion
5. Sludge Thickening Technologies
a. Gravity thickeners
b. Gravity belt thickeners
c. Dewatering Technologies
d. Centrifuges & decanters
e. Horizontal belt filters
f. Pressure filters
g. Sand beds
h. Sludge (“Biosolids”) Disposal Techniques
6. Composting

Recommended Books
 Tong Zhang and Herbert H P Fang (2015) Anaerobic Biotechnology:
Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery, Imperial College
Press, ISBN-13: 978-1783267903
 Daniel J. Caruana (2011) Anaerobic Digestion: Processes,
Products, and Applications, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., ISBN-
13: 978-1613244203

Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater

Treatment 3(3-0)
1. Membranes and Modules
a. Isotropic and Anisotropic membranes

118
 b. Metal, Ceramic, Zeolite, Carbon and Glass membranes
c. Hollow fiber membranes
d. Membrane modules
e. Module selection
2. Reverse Osmosis
a. Membranes and materials
b. RO membrane categories
c. Membrane selectivity
d. Membrane modules
e. Membrane fouling control
f. Applications
3. Ultrafiltration
a. Characterization of ultrafiltration membranes
b. Membrane fouling
c. Constant pressure modules, System design and Applications
d. Constant flux modules, System design and Applications
4. Microfiltration
a. Membrane characterization, modules, and process design
b. Applications
5. Desalination and Potable Water Purification
a. Forward Osmosis
b. Membrane Distillation
c. Energy Systems for RO
d. Ion-exchange membranes for water softening
6. Wastewater Treatment for Reclamation and Reuse
a. Water reuse by membrane technology
b. Membrane bioreactors
c. Brine treatment

Recommended Books:
 J. Mulder (1996) Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, 2 nd
Edition, Springer, ISBN-13: 978-0792342489
 Water Environment Federation (2011) Membrane Bioreactors,
McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN-13: 978-0071753661
 Richard W. Baker (2012) Membrane Technology and Applications,
3rd Edition, Wiley, ISBN-13: 978-0470743720
 Rajindar Singh and Nicholas Hankins (2016) Emerging Membrane
Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment, Elsevier, ISBN-13:
978-0444633125

119
 ANNEXURE - A

English I (Functional English)

Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.
Course Contents
Basics of Grammar
Parts of speech and use of articles
Sentence structure, active and passive voice
Practice in unified sentence
Analysis of phrase, clause and sentence structure
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Punctuation and spelling
Comprehension
Answers to questions on a given text
Discussion
General topics and every-day conversation (topics for discussion to be at
the discretion of the teacher keeping in view the level of students)
Listening
To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully selected by
subject teachers
Translation skills
Urdu to English
Paragraph writing
Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher
Presentation skills
Introduction
Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building

Recommended Books
1. Functional English
a) Grammar
1. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V.
Martinet. Exercises 1. Third edition. Oxford University Press.
1997. ISBN 0194313492
2. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V.
Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press.
1997. ISBN 0194313506
b) Writing
1. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne
Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills.
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 Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 0 19 435405 7 Pages 20-27
and 35-41.
c) Reading/Comprehension
1. Reading. Upper Intermediate. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis.
Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0
19 453402 2.
d) Speaking
English II (Communication Skills)

Objectives: Enable the students to meet their real life communication

needs.
Course Contents:
Paragraph writing
Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent paragraph
Essay writing
Introduction

CV and job application

Translation skills
Urdu to English
Study skills
Skimming and scanning, intensive and extensive, and speed reading,
summary and précis writing and comprehension

Academic skills
Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of library and internet
Presentation skills
Personality development (emphasis on content, style and pronunciation)
Note: documentaries to be shown for discussion and review
Recommended Books
Communication Skills
a) Grammar
1. Practical English Grammar by A. J. Thomson and A. V.
Martinet. Exercises 2. Third edition. Oxford University Press
1986. ISBN 0 19 431350 6.
b) Writing
1. Writing. Intermediate by Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne
Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Oxford Supplementary Skills.
Fourth Impression 1993. ISBN 019 435405 7 Pages 45-53
(note taking).

121
 2. Writing. Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19
435406 5 (particularly good for writing memos, introduction to
presentations, descriptive and argumentative writing).
c) Reading
1. Reading. Advanced. Brian Tomlinson and Rod Ellis. Oxford
Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1991. ISBN 0 19
453403 0.
2. Reading and Study Skills by John Langan
3. Study Skills by Richard York.

English III (Technical Writing and

Presentation Skills)
Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking
Course Contents
Presentation skills
Essay writing
Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative
Academic writing
How to write a proposal for research paper/term paper
How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on style, content,
language, form, clarity, consistency)
Technical Report writing
Progress report writing
Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building
Recommended Books
Technical Writing and Presentation Skills
a) Essay Writing and Academic Writing
1. Writing. Advanced by Ron White. Oxford Supplementary
Skills. Third Impression 1992. ISBN 0 19 435407 3
(particularly suitable for discursive, descriptive, argumentative
and report writing).
2. College Writing Skills by John Langan. McGraw-Hill Higher
Education. 2004.
3. Patterns of College Writing (4th edition) by Laurie G. Kirszner
and Stephen R. Mandell. St. Martin’s Press.

b) Presentation Skills
c) Reading

122
The Mercury Reader. A Custom Publication. Compiled by Northern
Illinois University. General Editors: Janice Neulib; Kathleen Shine
Cain; Stephen Ruffus and Maurice Scharton. (A reader which will
give students exposure to the best of twentieth century literature,
without taxing the taste of engineering students).

123
 ANNEXURE - B

Pakistan Studies (Compulsory)

Introduction/Objectives
 Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics,
contemporary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan.
 Study the process of governance, national development, issues
arising in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan.
Course Outline
1. Historical Perspective
a. Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
b. Factors leading to Muslim separatism
c. People and Land
i. Indus Civilization
ii. Muslim advent
iii. Location and geo-physical features.
2. Government and Politics in Pakistan
Political and constitutional phases:
a. 1947-58
b. 1958-71
c. 1971-77
d. 1977-88
e. 1988-99
f. 1999 onward
3. Contemporary Pakistan
a. Economic institutions and issues
b. Society and social structure
c. Ethnicity
d. Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
e. Futuristic outlook of Pakistan

124
Recommended Books
1. Burki, Shahid Javed. State & Society in Pakistan, The MacMillan
Press Ltd 1980.
2. Akbar, S. Zaidi. Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford
University Press, 2000.
3. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistan’s Foreign policy: An
Historical analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore,
1994.
5. Wilcox, Wayne. The Emergence of Bangladesh, Washington:
American Enterprise, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972.
6. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-
Saqafat-e-Islamia, Club Road, nd.
7. Amin, Tahir. Ethno - National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad:
Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad.
8. Ziring, Lawrence. Enigma of Political Development. Kent England:
Wm Dawson & sons Ltd, 1980.
9. Zahid, Ansar. History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book
Company, 1980.
10. Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III.
Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and cultural Research,
1998.
11. Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1967.
12. Aziz, K. K. Party, Politics in Pakistan, Islamabad: National
Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1976.
13. Muhammad Waseem, Pakistan Under Martial Law, Lahore:
Vanguard, 1987.
14. Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Military Perspective.
Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural
Research, 1993.

125
 ANNEXURE - C
ISLAMIC STUDIES
(Compulsory)
Objectives
This course is aimed at:
1 To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
2 To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic
Civilization
3 To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
4 To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues
related to faith and religious life.
Detail of Courses
Introduction to Quranic Studies
1. Basic Concepts of Quran
2. History of Quran
3. Uloom-ul-Quran

Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran

1. Verses of Surah Al-Baqara Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286)
2. Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18)
3. Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful
(Verse No-1-11)
4. Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-
77)
5. Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154)

Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran

1. Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6, 21,
40, 56, 57, 58.)
2. Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of
Judgment
3. Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar, Tadabar (Verse No-
1,14)

Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I

1. Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood)
2. Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah
3. Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah

Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II

1. Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina
126
2. Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina
3. Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina
Introduction to Sunnah
1. Basic Concepts of Hadith
2. History of Hadith
3. Kinds of Hadith
4. Uloom –ul-Hadith
5. Sunnah & Hadith
6. Legal Position of Sunnah

Selected Study from Text of Hadith

Introduction to Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
1. Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
2. History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
3. Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
4. Nature of Differences in Islamic Law
5. Islam and Sectarianism

Islamic Culture & Civilization

1. Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization
2. Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization
3. Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization
4. Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues

Islam & Science

1. Basic Concepts of Islam & Science
2. Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science
3. Quran & Science
Islamic Economic System
1. Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System
2. Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics
3. Islamic Concept of Riba
4. Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce

Political System of Islam

1. Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System
2. Islamic Concept of Sovereignty
3. Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam

Islamic History
1. Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida
2. Period of Ummayyads

127
3. Period of Abbasids

Social System of Islam

1. Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam
2. Elements of Family
3. Ethical Values of Islam

Reference Books
1. Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Emergence of Islam” , IRI,
Islamabad
2 Hameed ullah Muhammad, “Muslim Conduct of State”
3 Hameed ullah Muhammad, ‘Introduction to Islam
4. Mulana Muhammad Yousaf Islahi,”
5 Hussain Hamid Hassan, “An Introduction to the Study of Islamic
Law” leaf Publication Islamabad, Pakistan.
6 Ahmad Hasan, “Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence” Islamic
Research
Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
7 Mir Waliullah, “Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of
Crimes”
Islamic Book Service (1982)
8 H. S. Bhatia, “Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society” Deep &
Deep Publications New Delhi (1989)
9 Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, “Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia”
Allama
Iqbal Open University, Islamabad (2001)

128
 ANNEXURE - D

Note: One course will be selected from the following six courses of
Mathematics.

COMPULSORY MATHEMATICS
COURSES FOR BS (4 YEAR)
(FOR STUDENTS NOT MAJORING IN
MATHEMATICS)
1. MATHEMATICS I (ALGEBRA)

Prerequisite(s): Mathematics at secondary level

Credit Hours: 3+0
Specific Objectives of the Course: To prepare the students, not
majoring in mathematics, with the essential tools of algebra to apply the
concepts and the techniques in their respective disciplines.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to
sets, set operations, functions, types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to
matrices, types, matrix inverse, determinants, system of linear equations,
Cramer’s rule.
Quadratic Equations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis
of roots of a quadratic equations, equations reducible to quadratic
equations, cube roots of unity, relation between roots and coefficients of
quadratic equations.
Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric progression,
harmonic progression. Binomial Theorem: Introduction to mathematical
induction, binomial theorem with rational and irrational indices.
Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric identities.
Recommended Books
1. Dolciani MP, Wooton W, Beckenback EF, Sharron S, Algebra 2 and
Trigonometry, 1978, Houghton & Mifflin, Boston (suggested text)
2. Kaufmann JE, College Algebra and Trigonometry, 1987, PWS-Kent
Company, Boston
3. Swokowski EW, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th
edition), 1986, PWS-Kent Company, Boston

2. MATHEMATICS II (CALCULUS)
Prerequisite(s): Mathematics I (Algebra)
Credit Hours: 3+0
129
Specific Objectives of the Course: To prepare the students, not
majoring in mathematics, with the essential tools of calculus to apply the
concepts and the techniques in their respective disciplines.
Course Outline
Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution of
equations involving absolute values, inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit
of a function, left-hand and right-hand limits, continuity, continuous functions.
Derivatives and their Applications: Differentiable functions, differentiation
of polynomial, rational and transcendental functions, derivatives.
Integration and Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefinite
integrals, integration by substitution, integration by parts, change of
variables in indefinite integrals.

Recommended Books
1. Anton H, Bevens I, Davis S, Calculus: A New Horizon (8th edition),
2005, John Wiley, New York
2. Stewart J, Calculus (3rd edition), 1995, Brooks/Cole (suggested text)
3. Swokowski EW, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 1983, PWS-Kent
Company, Boston
4. Thomas GB, Finney AR, Calculus (11th edition), 2005, Addison-
Wesley, Reading, Ma, USA

3. MATHEMATICS III (GEOMETRY)

Prerequisite(s): Mathematics II (Calculus)
Credit Hours: 3+0
Specific Objectives of the Course: To prepare the students, not
majoring in mathematics, with the essential tools of geometry to apply the
concepts and the techniques in their respective disciplines.
Course Outline
Geometry in Two Dimensions: Cartesian-coördinate mesh, slope of a line,
equation of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, various forms of
equation of a line, intersection of two lines, angle between two lines,
distance between two points, distance between a point and a line.
Circle: Equation of a circle, circles determined by various conditions,
intersection of lines and circles, locus of a point in various conditions.
Conic Sections: Parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, the general-second-degree equation

Recommended Books
1. Abraham S, Analytic Geometry, Scott, Freshman and Company,
1969

130
2. Kaufmann JE, College Algebra and Trigonometry, 1987, PWS-Kent
Company, Boston
3. Swokowski EW, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th
edition), 1986, PWS-Kent Company, Boston

4. COURSE FOR NON-MATHEMATICS MAJORS IN SOCIAL

SCIENCES
Title of subject: MATHEMATICS
Discipline : BS (Social Sciences).
Pre-requisites : SSC (Metric) level Mathematics
Credit Hours : 03 + 00
Minimum Contact Hours: 40
Assessment : written examination;
Effective : 2008 and onward
Aims : To give the basic knowledge of Mathematics and
prepare the students not majoring in mathematics.
Objectives : After completion of this course the student should be
able to:
 Understand the use of the essential tools of basic mathematics;
 Apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective
disciplines;
 Model the effects non-isothermal problems through different
domains;
Contents :
1. Algebra
Preliminaries: Real and complex numbers, Introduction to sets, set
operations, functions, types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to
matrices, types of matrices, inverse of matrices, determinants,
system of linear equations, Cramer’s rule. Quadratic equations:
Solution of quadratic equations, nature of roots of quadratic
equations, equations reducible to quadratic equations. Sequence
and Series: Arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions.
Permutation and combinations: Introduction to permutation and
combinations, Binomial Theorem: Introduction to binomial theorem.
Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric
identities. Graphs: Graph of straight line, circle and trigonometric
functions.

131
2. Statistics
Introduction: Meaning and definition of statistics, relationship of
statistics with social science, characteristics of statistics, limitations
of statistics and main division of statistics. Frequency distribution:
Organisation of data, array, ungrouped and grouped data, types of
frequency series, individual, discrete and continuous series, tally
sheet method, graphic presentation of the frequency distribution, bar
frequency diagram histogram, frequency polygon, cumulative
frequency curve. Measures of central tendency: Mean medium and
modes, quartiles, deciles and percentiles. Measures of dispersion:
Range, inter quartile deviation mean deviation, standard deviation,
variance, moments, skewness and kurtosis.

Recommended Books
1. Swokowski. E. W., ‘Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry’,
Latest Edition.
2. Kaufmann. J. E., ‘College Algebra and Trigonometry’, PWS-
Kent Company, Boston, Latest Edition.
3. Walpole, R. E., ‘Introduction of Statistics’, Prentice Hall, Latest
Edition.
4. Wilcox, R. R., ‘Statistics for The Social Sciences’,
5. MATHEMATICS FOR CHEMISTRY

Credit Hours: 3
Prerequisites: Mathematics at Secondary level
Specific Objectives of Course:
To prepare the students not majoring in mathematics with the essential
tools of Calculus to apply the concepts and the techniques in their
respective disciplines.
Course Outline
Preliminaries: Real Numbers and the Real Line, Functions and their
graphs: Polynomial Functions, Rational Functions, Trigonometric
Functions, and Transcendental Functions. Slope of a Line, Equation of a
Line, Solution of equations involving absolute values, Inequalities. Limits
and Continuity: Limit of a Function, Left Hand and Right Hand Limits,
Continuity, Continuous Functions. Derivatives and its Applications:
Differentiation of Polynomial, Rational and Transcendental Functions,
Extreme Values of Functions. Integration and Indefinite Integrals:
Integration by Substitution, Integration by Parts, Change of Variables in
Indefinite Integrals. Least-Squares Line.

132
Recommended Books
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley publishing
company, 2005.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th edition, John Willey &
Sons, Inc. 2005.
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and
Multivariable, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelsohn, Calculus, Schaum’s Outline Series,
4th edition, 1999.
5. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus and Analytic Geometry PWS Publishers,
Boston, 1983.
6. John H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics Science and
Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Second Edition 1992.

6. MATHEMATICS FOR PHYSICS

Contents
1. Preliminary calculus.
 Differentiation
Differentiation from first principles; products; the chain rule;
quotients; implicit differentiation; logarithmic differentiation;
Leibnitz’ theorem; special points of a function; theorems of
differentiation.
 Integration
Integration from first principles; the inverse of differentiation;
integration by inspection; sinusoidal function; logarithmic
integration; integration using partial fractions; substitution method;
integration by parts; reduction formulae; infinite and improper
integrals; plane polar coordinates; integral inequalities; applications
of integration.
2. Complex numbers and hyperbolic functions
 The need for complex numbers
 Manipulation of complex numbers
Additions and subtraction; modulus and argument; multiplication;
complex conjugate; division
 Polar representation of complex numbers Multiplication and division
in polar form
 de Moivre’s theorem
Trigonometrical identities; finding the nth roots of unity; solving
polynomial equations
 Complex logarithms and complex powers
133
 Applications to differentiation and integration
 Hyperbolic functions
Definitions; hyperbolic-trigonometric analogies; identities of
hyperbolic functions; solving hyperbolic equations; inverses of
hyperbolic functions; calculus of hyperbolic functions

3. Series and limits

 Series
 Summation of series
Arithmetic series; geometric series; arithmetico-geometric series;
the difference method; series involving natural numbers;
transformation of series
 Convergence of infinite series
Absolute and conditional convergence; convergence of a series
containing only real positive terms; alternating series test
 Operations with series
 Power series
Convergence of power series; operations with power series
 Taylor series
Taylor’s theorem; approximation errors in Taylor series; standard
McLaurin series
 Evaluation of limits
4. Partial differentiation
 Definition of the partial derivative
 The total differential and total derivative
 Exact and inexact differentials
 Useful theorems of partial differentiation
 The chain rule
 Change of variables
 Taylor’s theorem for many-variable functions
 Stationary values of many-variable functions
 Stationary values under constraints
5. Multiple integrals
 Double integrals
 Triple integrals
 Applications of multiple integrals
Areas and volumes; masses, centers of mass and centroids;
Pappus’ theorems; moments of inertia; mean values of functions
134
 Change of variables in multiple integrals
Change of variables in double integrals;
6. Vector algebra
 Scalars and vectors
 Addition and subtraction of vectors
 Multiplication by a scalar
 Basis vectors and components
 Magnitude of a vectors
 Multiplication of vectors
Scalar product; vector product; scalar triple product; vector triple
product
 Equations of lines and planes
Equation of a line; equation of a plane
 Using vectors to find distances
Point to line; point to plane; line to line; line to plane
 Reciprocal vectors
7. Matrices and vector spaces

 Vectors spaces Basic vectors; the inner product; some useful

inequalities
 Matrices
 The complex and Hermitian conjugates of a matrix
 The determinant of a matrix
Properties of determinants
 The inverse of a matrix
 The rank of a matrix
 Simultaneous linear equations
N simultaneous linear equations in N unknowns
 Special square matrices
Diagonal; symmetric and antisymmetric; orthogonal; Hermitian;
unitary normal
 Eigen vectors and eigen values
Of a normal matrix; of Hermitian and anti-Hermitian matrices; of a
unitary matrix; of a general square matrix
 Determination of eigen values and eigen vectors Degenerate eigen
values
8. Vector calculus
 Differentiation of vectors Composite vector expressions; differential
of a vector
135
 Integration of vectors
 Space curves
 Vector functions of several arguments
 Surfaces
 Scalar and vector fields
 Vector operators
 Gradient of a scalar field; divergence of a vector field; curl of a vector
field
 Vector operator formulae
 Vector operators acting on sums and products; combinations of
grad, div and curl
 Cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates
 Cylindrical polar coordinates; spherical polar coordinates.

136
 ANNEXURE - E

Statistics-I Credit 3 (2-1)

Definition and importance of Statistics in Agriculture, Data Different types
of data and variables

Classification and Tabulation of data, Frequency distribution, stem-and-

Leaf diagram, Graphical representation of data Histogram, frequency
polygon, frequency curve.

Measure of Central tendency, Definition and calculation of Arithmetic

mean, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Median quantiles and Mode in
grouped and un-grouped data.

Measure of Dispersion, Definition and Calculation of Range, quartile

deviation, Mean deviation, Standard deviation and variance, coefficient of
variation.

Practical
a. Frequency Distribution
b. Stem-and-Leaf diagram
c. Various types of Graphs
d. Mean, Geometric mean Harmonic Mean,
e. Median, Quartiles Deviation, mean Deviation.
f. Standard Deviation, Variance, Coefficient of variation,
g. Skewness and kenosis

Recommended Books
1. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part- I by Sher Muhammad and Dr.
Shahid Kamal (Latest Edition)
2. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis by Dr. Faquir Muhammad
3. A. Concise Course in A. Level Statistic with world examples by J.
Crashaw and J. Chambers (1994)
4. Basic Statistics an Inferential Approach 2 nd Ed. (1986) Fran II.
Dietrich-II and Thomas J. Keans
Statistics-II Credit 3 (2-1)

Sampling Probability and non-Probability Sampling, Simple random

sampling stratified random sampling Systematic sampling error, Sampling
distribution of mean and difference between two means. Interference

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Theory: Estimation and testing of hypothesis, Type—I and type-II error,
Testing of hypothesis about mean and difference between two means
using Z-test and t-test, Paired t-test, Test of association of attributes using
X2 (chi-square) Testing hypothesis about variance.
Practical
a. Sampling random sampling
b. Stratified random sampling.
c. Sampling distribution of mean
d. Testing of hypotheses regarding population mean
e. Testing of hypotheses about the difference between population
means
f. Chi-square test
g. Testing of Correlation Coefficient
h. Fitting of simple linear regression
i. One-way ANOVA
j. Two-way ANOVA
Recommended Books
1. Introduction to Statistical Theory Part-II by Sher Muhammad and Dr.
Shahid Kamal (Latest Edition)
2. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis by Dr. Faquir Muhammad
3. Principles and Procedures of Statistics A Bio-material approach, 2nd
Edition, 1980 by R. G. D Steal and James H. Tarric
4. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research 2 nd Edition (1980)
by K. A. Gomez and A. A. Gomez

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 ANNEXURE - F
Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies

Course Structure: Lectures: 2 Labs: 1 Credit Hours: 3

Pre-requisite: None Semester: 1

Course Description
This is an introductory course on Information and Communication
Technologies. Topics include ICT terminologies, hardware and software
components, the internet and World Wide Web, and ICT based
applications.
After completing this course, a student will be able to:
 Understand different terms associated with ICT
 Identify various components of a computer system
 Identify the various categories of software and their usage
 Define the basic terms associated with communications and
networking
 Understand different terms associated with the Internet and World
Wide Web.
 Use various web tools including Web Browsers, E-mail clients and
search utilities.
 Use text processing, spreadsheets and presentation tools
 Understand the enabling/pervasive features of ICT
Course Contents
Basic Definitions & Concepts
Hardware: Computer Systems & Components
Storage Devices, Number Systems
Software: Operating Systems, Programming and Application Software
Introduction to Programming, Databases and Information Systems
Networks
Data Communication
The Internet, Browsers and Search Engines
The Internet: Email, Collaborative Computing and Social Networking
The Internet: E-Commerce
IT Security and other issues
Project Week
Review Week

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Text Books/Reference Books
1. Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton, 6th International
Edition, McGraw-Hill
2. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer
& Communications by Williams Sawyer, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill
3. Computers, Communications & information: A user's introduction by
Sarah E. Hutchinson, Stacey C. Swayer
4. Fundamentals of Information Technology by Alexis Leon, Mathews
Leon, Leon Press.

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