Senior High School

Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship
Module 2:
Functions of Community in Terms of
Structure, Dynamics, Processes and
Typologies of Communities

AIRs - LM
LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2
HUMSS - COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, SOLIDARITY AND CITIZENSHIP
Module 2: Functions of Community in Terms of Structure, Dynamics, Processes and
Typologies of Communities
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without written
permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Bernadette A. Aspiras

Content Reviewers: Ricky O. Ramirez, Henry A. Pajimola, Hermogenes T. Diaz
Language Reviewers: Editha D. Herrera, Judalyn V. Catcatan
Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Paul Justine A. Posas

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Delia P. Hufalar, PhD., EPS in Charge of Mapeh
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

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Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
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LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

 Senior High School

Community Engagement,
Solidarity and Citizenship
Module 2:
Functions of Community in Terms of
Structure, Dynamics, Processes and
Typologies of Communities

LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

 Target

You have been provided in the last two lessons with information about
community in the first learning material. That is what this subject all about.
However, we will still be talking about community in this learning material.

We have discussed earlier some concepts related to the study of the

community like community action, dynamics, and other different perceptions. It was
also stated previously that the concept about community would not have much of a
change even when viewed differently by the social sciences, the institutions, the civil
society and the so-called grassroots. The only difference lies in the objective or the
purpose for which the community is created.

After taking on the nature of community and the integrated concepts, in

this learning material, we shall be discussing the functions of community in terms
of structure, dynamics, processes and typologies of community. This learning
material shall be comprised of two lessons which you are to deal within the next two
weeks.
After dealing with this learning material, you are expected to obtain the
following objectives:
Learning Competency
Lesson 1. Analyze the functions of community in terms of structure, dynamics and
processes. HUMSS_CSC12-llla-c-5.

Learning Objectives:
1. State the structure, dynamics and processes of community.
2. Discuss the functions of community in terms of structure, dynamics and
processes.
3. Conduct a study about your respective barangay perform in terms of their
functions according to the structure, processes and dynamics.

Learning Competency
Lesson 2. Differentiate typologies of communities. HUMSS_CSC12-llla-c-6

Learning Objectives:
1. Define types of communities and diversity in communities.
2. Identify and describe the typologies of communities.
3. Prepare a creative interpretation depicting the modern type of community.

You have to be wondering now about the structure, dynamics

and processes of a community. You are right, there’s really
more to learn about the community.

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 Let us first challenge your information bank, there might be
some data stored about the topic at hand! There might have
been encounters about these concepts earlier! Proceed with the
succeeding activities then.

Jumpstart

Activity. K_W_L
Directions. In your answer sheets fill in the same table below. What you know
under K and with What you want to know under W. Leave the L column for the
meantime and we will fill in after the topic has been discussed.

Concept K W L

community
structure

community
processes

That was great! You dealt with that activity with

real good preparation. I could see that you have been reading a
great deal. Let us proceed then with a discussion of the topic.

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 Lesson
The Concepts of Community Structure,
1 Processes and Dynamics

Discover

A community is not just created or established for the sake of having a so-
called community. Rather it is put up to serve its purpose and to be of service to its
members. In other words, a community is expected to perform some functions in
line with its structure, processes and dynamics. Before we come to an analysis of
such functions, let us first look into the details of the structure, processes and
dynamics.
By structure, we are talking about the demographic features which could
be broken down into two aspects; namely, how the community is comprised, with
particular reference to its population, and how it is physically made-up. Population
is characterized with its diversity and quantity and by their patterns of interactions.
Diversity of the population boils down to the classification according to gender, socio-
economic status, age, ethnicity, designation/position etc. By quantity of the
population, we talk about the number of people living in it. Patterns of interactions
would refer to how often the human species come together and influence each other
and how much of this association affects the environment as well.
Further, the community’s physical structure is described according to some
indicators like abiotic factors (topography), geographical factors, heterogeneity of the
environment, occurrence of disturbances or disruptive incidents and others. Abiotic
factors would refer to the ‘non-living parts of the ecosystem that shape the
environment’ like the temperature, light, water, salinity and ocean currents.
(National Geographic, page25). Generally, geographical factors would include
vegetation, the types of soil, land forms, location, climatic patterns and even cultural
geography. Heterogeneity of the environment logically refers to the existence of
diversity in geography and topography. Heterogeneity is as natural as the
communities because communities cannot be dynamic when you find similar
environmental scenarios therein. Lastly, under the physical structure we also talk
about the calamities, natural and man-made, and historical events which occur and
Might influence the community. Instances of calamities would be
storms, earthquakes, soil erosion or even wars or civil disturbances, and all of which
truly affect the physical environment of the community.

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 Community structure may differ depending on the earlier-mentioned
demographic features. For instance, we take on the Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft
where in the former, population-wise, there could be an overcrowding of largely-
diverse human species owing to the perceived development therein, interaction could
be seen on a more frequent pattern as the species’ need for survival has to be
satisfied, some topographic issues might be encountered like the environment
becomes warmer because of the toxicity in terms of the residents, and power and
water supply may become scarce. In the Gemeinschaft, you would come to view
different and forms from the plains through the hills the mountain ranges, would
have a feel of a somehow unadulterated fresh air, and where you seldom get
distracted by unprecedented occurrences.
Community structure, according to [Link], would also include
“the internal structure of an employment area, town, city, neighborhood or another
urban area, the housing, jobs and production, service and leisure time areas, along
with transport routes and technical networks, their location and relationships.” In
other words, as per this definition of community structure, every single detail
pertaining to the people and place comprises the structure.

Community processes
A community is powered-up by several processes and it could not withstand
existence if it does not go through these processes. First, we talk about community
organizing where anything which pertains to it shall be put together. This is the
process of starting things with the community. This process entails leadership-
leadership which should be innate not only in one or two or three individuals but to
be exuded by all the participants in bringing about community development.
Organizing as process may be made possible with the initiative of the members of the
community. Then comes the interactional community, a process which presupposes
that the people who live therein associate and communicate with each other as
frequent as they can and this sustains the existence of a community. This is also
done so as to assist people who have difficulty in getting things done by themselves.
Under this process, the members of the community talk with each other, sharing
thoughts and ideas, help each other in any which way they can, literally deal with
each other every single day. If there is a problem to be dealt with about just anything,
the members of the community pool their resources together to get the problem fixed.
That is community interaction.
Next, we talk about the process where activities or projects or programs
areeffected in the community through which the community developmental
objectives are accomplished and social bonding and networking is fortified. The
implementation of programs becomes a process because this is the way to mobilize
the people and make them realize that they are a part of the community. The
community would stagnate in the absence of community initiatives and it would be
dynamic should these initiatives be implemented. Like, if programs to empower the
women or capacitate the community will be realized, then the community is
strengthened and made more resilient. Another community process is community
dynamics, which, however, will be discussed as another topic.

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 Still another community process refers to comprehensive primary health
care, which logically entails heath care program/s. This is considered a process
because, as it is now, the health and wellness condition of the people becomes a
primary concern. Health care is singled out from the many aspects of the community
because it has been proven that the health condition of the members of the
community has become a significant indicator of its existence. The community then
needs to device a scheme whereby the people’s health and wellness are prioritized.
Should start off with a community-based health center, well-equipped and
maintained in keeping with the medical needs of the people. Regular monitoring of
the medical status of the people must be done. Information dissemination of heath
or medical issues be done on a regular basis as well.
Community development is another community process, which obviously
talks about progress in every aspect of the community. This could be gleaned from
the economic development as manifested in the improved standard of living therein,
increase in infrastructures, or stable trade and commerce. This could also be
manifested in the enhancement of the culture which obtains in the community.
Further, community development is achieved when the people are empowered and
capacitated. As per [Link]/ , community development
“encompasses issues related to neighborhood planning, citizen participation,
grassroots organizing, housing, economic development, social welfare, public safety,
health, education, recreation, the environment and other aspects of community life.”

This statement said it all. Indeed, community development talks about a positive
change in anything therein which affects the social life of the people.
Still another community process is labeled as coordination. Coordination as
a process has been defined by Warren, Rose and Bergunder (1974)
([Link] as “those sets of behavior through which the complex
nature of interrelated events is maintained.” Coordination becomes a community
process because it is through this those whatever complexities or problems that may
arise in community dynamics and community action, the community members
remain to be well-connected keeping track of each other to prevent the community
from bugging down. No member is perceived to be selfish enough to keep things to
and by himself, that when one encounters a problem, he informs everyone else. Or,
say, when there is a community initiative to be implemented the entire community
becomes the beneficiary because everyone was informed about it and that is the
essence of coordination.

Community dynamics
If we look deeper into the concept, community dynamics is actually one of
the processes of a community because it affects its existence. From the word,
dynamics, we can infer that a community is vulnerable to change. A community
cannot be static, rather it grows, it goes through development, but if not valued, it
may disintegrate. A community is never boring, rather it is full of vigor and stamina
to welcome whatever transformation is there which awaits the community.

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Lesson 1.B. Functions of the community in terms of structure, processes and
dynamics
As stated earlier, a community is created not just for the sake of establishing
it but to perform whatever functions which accompany its creation. It goes without
saying that it is compared with an organism playing part of a structure which does
not just sit or stand waiting for things to happen in his/her favor rather would have
the initiative to do the endeavors not just for him/her but for everyone else.
After discussing community structure, processes and dynamics, we are left to
one topic which is relating these indicators to how the community would function.
Thus, in relation to the aforementioned indicators, the following is a consolidation of
the functions that a community is expected to perform:

1. Social participation.
To the people (population), it is incumbent in the community to promote unity
despite the diversity through programs or activities which bring people together
instead of tearing them apart, like the conduct of symposium about the eradication
of discrimination, or activities which prompts the participation of everyone regardless
of gender, socioeconomic status, academic accomplishment or professional stature
or even political or religious affiliation. Add to these are activities which will enjoin
the people to be a part of the economic, health or medical, religious, and political
endeavors of the community. Economically, the people must be allowed to
participate in trade and commerce. Ang the lines of religion, the people must be left
alone to profess their own faith. The same obtains politically, that the people must
not be constrained from expressing their political convictions.
To the least social participation may take place around the neighborhood, in
the church, in the barangay assemblage center, school (if there is any), the barangay
health center, community amusement center, or in the community business
center/s.

2. Social control.
There could be many facets of this function. First, under this the function, it
is deemed necessary that community shall strictly implement and monitor programs
for population growth or even its decline, as well as to regulate the movement of the
population in and out of the community, as all of which affect population count.
Second, the community is to be well-aware of what is going on within and outside of
its area-of-responsibility, like social unrest, and must have a ready resolution should
such an occurrence pose an adverse effect to the entirety of the community. Whatever
kind of distractions, they will always leave a mark either on the people or the physical
structure of the community.
Third, there has to be a way of prompting the people to comply to the laws
and other norms of behavior set forth therein. Enjoining the people to adhere to the
normative standard of behavior could be done through group pressure or by way of
enacting laws and probably make it punitive for those who do not comply. Laws
could either be community-based or based from that of the national government.

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3. Socialization.
To prepare the members of the community for a more active social
participation, educating them should be one of the first concerns. In line with the
socialization function, the community takes responsibility in the transmission of
local norms of behavior- laws, mores and folkways, as well as the education, inclusive
of the most minute information, of the people. Having been immersed with the local
practices and having a little knowledge about a lot of things, are prerequisites to
a productive socialization and interaction within the community.
Socialization also involves two important factors namely, the physical and the
social or personal factors. The physical factor has reference to the population per se,
to any peculiarity describing the place itself like the design and “arrangement” of the
houses or buildings, to the atmosphere therein, and to the pace of movement of the
people. The social or personal factor would refer to the personal characteristics,
attitudes and behavior of the people which affect their interaction. Indeed, these
factors influence the process of instilling community norms and values.

4. Preparedness and protection.

First, to its physical structure, it is as natural a function of the community to
ensure balance of whatever is in its ecological domain, like bodies of water- usually
the rivers, creeks, or falls; rice fields or agricultural lands; fishing areas; villages and
mountains; forests; or subdivision areas, and the like. Further, the community must
make sure that it has obtained an accurate information about its climate,
geographical features and locations, significant landmarks therein and all other
physical features of the community. Lastly, if the community is well-aware of its
geographical features, then, it could perform with utmost ardor its preparedness
function, which could be carried out when natural or man-made disasters or
calamities occur.

5. Economic.
It is incumbent in the community to sustain its existence, thereby taking
responsibility over the so-called production and distribution of goods and extension
of services to the people. This is in line with the principles of economics. Along this
function, the community has to assure the people of food stability, particularly the
basic needs, regulated price of commodities, and regulated distribution of goods as
well. Aside from that, the community is also responsible in providing for the people
a means to make a living, basically in terms of agriculture, like fishing and farming,
and industry.
This function also speaks of the services ([Link]/2020/) of
whatever nature to be accorded the people, like preventative services, where
recreation facilities like gymnasiums or sports centers, parks, and schools are put
up as diversionary measure to lessen the stress of strenuous social life of the people
brought about by the dynamism of their environment; supportive services to include
educational programs, counselling services, health services, policies pertaining to
climate change, pollution and the like, job placement trainings and community
development programs and these are extended to the people for the maintenance and
to sustain the health, education and overall welfare of the community; and,
rehabilitative services where Correctional, Mental Health and special needs centers

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are established to help restore the people’s capacities and abilities to participate in
the community effectively.

6. Health care.
This function is as significant because this would help sustain the existence
of the people and the community. Activities promoting heath awareness and
consciousness like announcements over the radio or through television programs
about the Covid19, distribution of leaflets or postings about the disease would all fall
under this function. Strictly imposing heath standards would help sustain such
activities. Heath care as a function is not merely focused on the provision of medical
needs but instilling heath-consciousness in the people as well.

Explore

Activity. Identification.
Direction. Identify what is asked. Write the correct answer on your answer sheets.

1. This concept is a qualitative description of the population which

comprises of the community.
2. This refers to the structure of a community with respect to the
geography, topography, and the like.
3. What is this concept which talks about the vigor of the community as
well as the changes brought into the community?
4. This is the function of the community which entails interaction.
5. This is a community process which involves the improvement of the
standard of living, stable trade and commerce and the like.
6. What function of the community is involved in effecting compliance by
the people to the norms of behavior set forth in the community?
7. This function of the community entails the implementation of programs
regarding consciousness and awareness of the dangers Covid19.
8. What is this community process which talks about putting the elements
of the community together?

Activity. Explain me!

Direction. Below are adages related to community structure, processes and
dynamics. Read and understand the lines. Explain in 3 to 5 sentences. Each item
shall merit a score of 15 points if all the criteria below be fully satisfied. Use separate
sheet of paper for your answers.

1. “Alone, we can do so little; together we can do so much”. (Helen Keller)

2. “The greatness of a community is most accurately measured by the
compassionate actions of its members.” (Adelaide Hoodless)

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 Rubric for Activity
Content (5) Mechanics (5) Originality (3) Neatness (2)
Relevance to the topic Used of proper language Statements or With Minimal
Observe cohesion of Used Words are sentences are not erasures
ideas correctly spelled copy-pasted. Words are legibly
Used correct written
punctuation marks
Observed correct
grammar

So far, did you already understand the functions of community?

Below is a more in-depth activity where your newly-acquired knowledge
About the topic would be put into practice. Your analytical and critical
thinking
shall now be challenged.

Deepen

Activity. Case study

Direction. Have your respective community study. Choose at least three of the
functions discussed earlier and relate them to the structure or processes or dynamics
of a community. Be guided by the general question “Has my community effectively
and efficiently performed these functions even in the face of the Covid19 pandemic?”

Mechanics for the case study

A. Technical Requirement:
1. The case study must be composed of five (5) pages.
2. It may be encoded and saved in a flash drive or hand-written on an A4
bond paper or long pad paper.
3. If encoded, use Arial font style and 11 font size
4. Refer to APA standard for margin and spacing.
B. Content Requirement:
1. Introduction
2. Overview of the situation
3. Analysis
4. Recommendation/s
5. Conclusion

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Additional guide activities and questions:

1. Gather data through the community profile of your barangay.

a. What is the structure of my barangay? (Be guided by the discussion on

community structure.)
b. Which of the presented and discussed community processes have been
undergone by my barangay? (Refer to the discussion on community
processes.)
2. After which, take note of at least three functions which your barangay has
performed.

The Case Study shall be evaluated according to the rubrics below:

Category Points assignment
Comprehensive Lacking in Not presented in
presentation presentation. logical manner.
Ideas as are logical and Insufficiency of No evidences
well-supported by related ideas and presented.
Content
evidences lacks evidences. Unnecessary ideas
Unnecessary ideas are Unnecessary ideas are excluded
excluded are excluded (1-4pts.)
(10-15 pts.) (5-9pts.)
Demonstrates sufficient Insufficiency of Copy pasted
personal interpretation personal (1-3)
or insight interpretation or
Originality Demonstrates in depth insight
critical thinking. Lacks in depth
(7-10pts.) critical thinking.
(4-6 pts.)
Followed the technical Not all of the Not all of the
requirements. technical technical
Grammatically-correct requirements are requirements are
sentence structure and followed. followed.
use of appropriate Minimal Grammatically-
Mechanics
language. grammatical erroneous sentence
(7-10pts.) errors and some construction and
words used are some words used are
not appropriate. not appropriate.
4-6 pts.) (1-3)

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 Gauge

Activity. Reflective Essay

Directions. On a separate sheet of paper, please write a one-paragraph reflective
essay of your most significant learning about the topic, with emphasis on your
perspective about how your community has responded to the health crisis brought
about by the Covid19 pandemic, composed of not less than 100 words and not more
than 120 words.
Rubrics for the activity:
Content (5) Mechanics (5) Originality (3) Neatness (2)
Relevance to the topic Used of proper language Statements or With Minimal
Observe cohesion of Used Words are sentences are not erasures
ideas correctly spelled copy-pasted. Words are legibly
Used correct written
punctuation marks
Observed correct
grammar

Probably, you have encountered the term typologies before. Way to

find out is for us to challenge your memory
by going through the exercise below.

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 Jumpstart

Activity. True or False

Direction. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the statement is false. Use
separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. An informal group is established to enable the members fulfill

specific goals and objectives.
2. San Fernando City, La Union is an example of rural area.
3. The House of Representatives is an example of an informal group.
4. A suburban area is a cross between a rural and an urban area.
5. Gemeinschaft is characterized with having a big number of
populations who may not be personally acquainted with each
other.
6. The peer group is an example of a formal group
7. Having similar sexual orientation or profession of the same faith
or having one political ideology are manifestations of diversity.
8. The City of San Fernando is an example of an urban area.
9. Being a gay, Mocha belongs to the LGBTQ sector.
10. Global community refers to the people of the world who are
connected using the modern telecommunications as their
medium.

Let us now proceed to a brief discussion of the topic.

Please read very well and understand each explanation.

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 Lesson

2 Typologies of Communities

Discover

Communities could not be altogether the same. They may serve similar
purposes but the structures, processes, dynamics and some other features are not
the same. This manifests the diverse nature of communities, and this diversity leads
to emergence of the different kinds or types of communities. Before we discuss the
typologies of communities, let us first look into a brief literature of the diverse nature
of communities.
Diversity of Communities
What does diversity mean? Diversity is a condition where a range of
differences or variation exists. There is diversity when persons A, B and C have
different sexual orientations, where A is a woman, B is man and C is a transgender.
Would it be the same if we talk about the diversity of communities? The answer is
yes, because when we talk about the diversity of communities we are referring to the
commitment to recognizing and appreciating the dissimilarity of characteristics that
make people and communities unique as well as creating and sustaining a
surrounding that promotes and celebrates individual and group accomplishment.
Further, this means that communities 1, 2 and 3 would not be comprised of a
population displaying the same characteristics, or geographical and topographical
perspectives, otherwise, there would be monotony and no distinction of progress and
development.
Such diversity among communities is manifested according to the following
indicators, namely;
1. Dimensions of race and ethnicity, which refers to the racial and ethnic origin
of the population the community is composed of, where the indigenous group
of origin of the people is now indicated as well, like Bago, or Itneg or
Kanakanaey and the like.
2. Gender and/or sexual orientation of the population, where [Link] and
females are no longer the indicators but to include now the LGBTQ+
3. Socio-economic status of the population, which talks about the position of
the people in the community.
4. Religious, political and other ideologies of the people, which says that in the
communities, there could be no indication that there is a singular belief or
ideology of the people.
5. Geographical and topographical features, referring to the physical
characteristics of the community which indicate if the community is
agricultural or industrial, or if it has natural and man-made beautiful spots
and others.

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 6. Occurrences which come in the form of natural or manmade calamities, or
any incident which could cause social unrest or pose threat to the territorial
security or integrity of the community.
The aforementioned indicators would in the long run determine the different types of
communities.

Types of Communities
Firstly, what is meant by typology? Simply put, typology is the classification
of anything according to a general type, as in this case, it has reference to the
classification of communities according to identified indicators. Below then are the
types of communities.

A. According to organization, composition and purpose.

1. Formal community
From the term alone, we can infer that these are the communities which are
organized on purpose and geared towards a particular objective. This type of
community is more legalist than the other kinds. It is anchored on an instituted
organizational structure, guided by an established set of laws which could be
punitive in nature. The interaction of the members and all other activities are based
from the guidelines set forth by the community itself, and relationships are less
personal. The members may not share the same community physical structure as
they may come from a number of places. Its dissolution may take place as prescribed
in its laws. The most common examples are schools, churches, hospitals, social and
civic organizations and of course the different governments.

2. Informal community
The informal community is composed of people who voluntarily join as the
interest or need calls for it. With respect to goals, the informal community is not
duty-bound to accomplish a concrete objective as none is set with its organization.
There are no explicit guidelines or standards to be followed by its members. Anyone
can join and leave without any obligations to the community. In terms of
organizational structure, it is usually not instituted, however, should there be a
formal structure, and the community cannot be as legalist about it. Interaction and
relationships are on a more personal level.
This type of community may not prove to be stable because of the absence of
a set of standards to regulate the activities of the members rather whatever the
members do or say are based from their emotions and as an expression of their
personal norms and beliefs, thus it is more likely to disintegrate even without the
members knowing it.
Examples of this type of community could be the corporate community,
pressure or interest group community and the like.

3. Sectoral community
From the term sectoral, we could cull out the word sector which refers to a
particular group within the community or the larger society. A classic example this
type of community is the very popular community of women, which could be
organized with a membership to come from all over the country. We have cited the

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LUVWI as an example of this in an earlier topic. Another example of a sectoral
community is that of the indigenous peoples, and a more concrete example would be
the Bago community. It could also come in the form of an all-professional
community. The members of the cited examples organized themselves into a
community to work for a common goal.
The education, religious, military, business, youth, men and health sectors,
the media and any professional aggrupation are also examples of the sectoral
community.

4. Global community
This is a community comprised of people from all over the world but
seemingly close with each other despite the distance. They are connected with each
other through technology-based means of communication. These people are
economically, socially and politically interdependent. They are not structurally
together but through modern telecommunications they are able to institutionalize a
set of ethics which they are bound to follow to promote mutual respect necessary for
the global governance.

B. According to the setting, structure and community processes.

1. Rural community
In the state of nature, rural communities are those located in the more remote
areas which have barely been adulterated with the effects of modernization The main
socioeconomic activities are centered on agriculture and the cultural orientation of
the people remain indigenous. Further, personal level of interaction and
relationships among the people obtain. In terms of the physical structure, there are
relatively enough open spaces, high-rising and modern infrastructures are a rarity,
and the adverse effects of industrialization are hardly experienced. Provisions are of
abundance. Distractions are perceived as natural occurrence and whatever human-
initiated disturbance is perceived as a bad omen, thus, the community is on the look-
out for such incidents. Social control is in the relaxed mode as the people are bent
on adhering to the normative behavior standards. Socialization is at its best because
it is in the rural communities where the transmission of indigenous culture is very
evident and basic education of the people is sufficient enough. They may not be as
knowledgeable but they are kept informed. Life is at its simplest in the rural
communities, where the standard of living may not be that high but the quality of
life, is most valued.
Furthermore, a rural community is one where people enjoy low cost of living
because practically, the basic necessities are within your reach. Though food may
not be highly processed, fruits, vegetables, meat and fish are at their best as they are
freshly harvested or butchered. Lastly, there is a relatively low population density
because, as mentioned earlier, a rural community is has all the space the people
would be needing and houses or buildings are not built so close to each other, and
logically, the community members also live a house apart from each other.

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Image 1. Sample image of a Rural Community.

([Link]
gm700203516-129602967

2. Suburban Community
Another type of community according to this classification is the suburban
community which is described as having a relatively bigger population when
compared with rural, exposed to the effects of modernization with particular
reference to technology, culturally- adaptive and adoptive to the current trends,
economic activities of the people are somewhat influenced by globalization, the
geography and topography are gradually changing, interaction and socialization is
slowly shifting to a less personal level, economic development is by half, anchored
upon industrialization, social control is getting into the nerves of the leadership, more
prone to distractions and disturbances and the effects of modern technology is more
evident.
In addition, according to [Link], suburban communities are “lower
density areas that separate residential and commercial areas from one another. They
are either part of an urban community or exist as a separate residential community
within commuting distance of a city.” Basing from this qualification, the situs of a
suburban community is just outside a major city, where the residents can readily
enjoy the perks of living in a city because of the proximity of their place to the city.
Image 2. Sample of a suburban community.

([Link]
picture-suburban-gted-community-southern-united-states-portion-147499204jpg&imgrefurl

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LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

3. Urban Community
Of the three types under this classification, the urban community is the most
dynamic. Why so? This is prompted by the community’s total immersion with
modernization. There is a dramatic increase in the population which is now
comprised of a more diverse nature of people, and these people come from practically
undetermined places. This results to high density of population as houses and
buildings may be built alongside each other, therefore, logically, there shall be an
elbow-to-elbow kind of movement- a highly-crowded scenario. Criminality and other
destructive and disturbing activities could be at its high due to the large population
where social control may be marred by some glitch while being implemented.
Socialization and interaction is at its peak sans personal attachment. The cultural
orientation of the people may become adulterated or may be enhanced with the
introduction of heterogenic culture. High standard of living obtains but may not
have a high valuation to life. Physical structure-wise, the community is more prone
to disasters owing to the higher level of community dynamics brought about by the
influx of modern technology and the unprecedented migration of people from many
other places. The construction of high-rising buildings may adversely affect the
geography and topography of the community, but these edifices are salient features
of an urban community. Some other problems may be encountered by the people in
urban communities like pollution, limited space, unemployment and others.
In urban communities, there is much of mobility and transiency where,
because the people become remiss of the concept of permanency, community
members are expected to leave, and would probably be replaced by another. And, it
is also worth mentioning, that life and lifestyle in an urban community is regimented,
where time becomes a challenge which the people have to keep up with. Last, but
not the least, segmentation of personality ([Link]) occurs in the
urban community. What does this presuppose? Since in an urban community, the
prioritized group is the secondary group, social contacts matter to suffice self-vested
interests and selfish motives. That when one is no longer instrumental to the
satisfaction of a need, the person is no longer treated with significance.
Image 3. Sample image of an urban community.

( [Link]

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 C. According to Purpose (of organization) ([Link]/)

1. Community of Interest
“Community of people who share the same interest or passion.” However, of
the five types under this classification, the interest community could be the most
difficult to organize due to the possible mental competition of the members. This
could be attributed to a possible overflow of ideas in the databank of the prospective
members that in the very offing, there could already be clashing of the minds. On
the lighter side, the interest community could prove to be one of the best because
the prospective members are all expected to be focused on the community objective
as it according to what interests them the most.

2. Community of Action
“Community of people trying to bring about change.” A very dynamic
aggrupation. This is the type of community which is geared towards employing a
concerted endeavor to bring about change not only in the community but which shall
extend to the macrolevel of the society and the world as well. One of the expected
activities is the sharing among the community members of the best practices to be
used in achieving the goals.

3. Community of Place
“Community of people brought together by geographic boundaries.” This is
the type of community where the people who live near each other are, by instinct,
bonded together to form themselves into a socio-political and socioeconomic
aggrupation. One thing notable about this type of group is the high valuation for the
other community members and strong support is extended to each other whatever
the adversities are. Lastly, it is under this type of community where events, issues
and problems on the local level are the primary concerns of the members.

5. Community of Practice
“Community of people in the same profession or undertake the same activities.”
This type of community is a classic example of a formal community like that of
lawyers, medical practitioners, teachers, criminologists, etc., where the organization
and establishment follows all the formalities; where the activities to be undertaken
must follow a documented plan of action, with all the formalities in every procedure
particularly in the implementation of the community initiatives; and where there
must be strict compliance to the normative standard of behavior set forth by the
community in general.

5. Community of Circumstance
Community of people brought together by external events or situations. This
type of community takes the informal manner of aggrupation. Why? This is so
because the community members came together by the accidental similarity of
circumstances or events or situations, they found themselves into. They had to be
bonded together because of the shared need to find a resolution to the challenge/s
they are faced with. One characteristic that is worth noting about this type of

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community is it allows a large-group discussion of related matters, sans mental
competition.

Explore

Activity. Arrange Me!

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters on the left column to form a word. Be
guided by the stated meanings. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

Jumbled
Correct word Description/ definition
letters
The type of community which is composed of
1. BLGALO people from all over the world who are
economically interdependent.
2. YLPTGOYO This concept is the synonym of ‘classification.’
This is concrete example of this typology of
3. OCRLSETA
community is the LUVWI.
The school is a classic example of this type of
4. RLMOAF
community.
This type of community is usually across
5. NSBURUAB
between the rural and urban communities.
This is general characteristic of the population
6. ERSIVDE
of the different types of communities.
The corporate community is an example of this
7. NFILMORA
type of community.
The City of San Fernando is an example of this
8. BUNRA
type community.
Our typical barrios are examples of this type of
9. LRAUR
community.
This is one of the determining factors for the
[Link]
classification of communities.

Activity. Explain Me!

Directions. Below is a question which you are required to discuss in five sentences.
If your written output satisfies the rubrics, you deserved 15 points. Use separate
sheet of paper for your answers.
1. What is the differentiate between rural from an urban community in terms of
structure and processes?

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LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

 __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Content (5) Mechanics (5) Originality (3) Neatness (2)

Relevance to the topic Used of proper Statements or With Minimal
Observe cohesion of language sentences are not erasures
ideas Used Words are copy-pasted. Words are legibly
correctly spelled written
Used correct
punctuation marks
Observed correct
grammar

Deepen

Activity. Express Me!

Direction. On a long bond paper, deduce your thoughts of how the typical Filipino
community looks like today. Work on this through any form of creative
interpretation.
a. Drawing with a one-liner caption.
b. Essay consisting of not less than 100 words and not more than 150 words.
c. A three-stanza poem.
d. Spoken poetry which when delivered would run for two minutes.
This activity shall be evaluated using the following rubrics:
Essay/Poem/Spoken poetry
Content (5) Mechanics (5) Originality (3) Neatness (2)
Relevance to the topic Used of proper language Statements or With Minimal
Observe cohesion of Used Words are sentences are not erasures
ideas correctly spelled copy-pasted. Words are legibly
Used correct written
punctuation marks
Observed correct
grammar

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LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

Drawing
Relevance (5) Originality (5) Craftsmanship (5)
Relevance to the topic, with Concepts are original Exuded skill in drawing even
a brief and appropriate in the most basic manner.
description

I know you are already exhausted, but as the saying goes,

“No Sweat, No Glory.” After this last activity, you may already relax!
A humongous Congratulations for having satisfied all the
required activities in this learning material.
“You need to spend time crawling alone through shadows
to truly appreciate what it is to stand in the sun”
(Kurt Vonnegut Jr.)

Gauge

Activity. Reflective Essay.

Directions. In your notebook, write a one-paragraph reflective essay, that comprised

of not less than 100 words but not more than 150 words, and be guided by the
question “According to your personal assessment, has the formal community been
coping with the current health situation in terms of economic, social and political
perspectives? “
Note: Please refer to your types of community to substantiate your answer.

Rubrics for the activity:

Content (5) Mechanics (5) Originality (3) Neatness (2)
Relevance to the topic Used of proper Statements or With Minimal
Observe cohesion of language sentences are not erasures
ideas Used Words are copy-pasted. Words are legibly
correctly spelled written
Used correct
punctuation marks
Observed correct
grammar

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LU_Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship_Module2

References
Printed Materials
Taguibao and de Guzman. Community Engagement, Solidarity and
Citizenship. (2017). Quezon City, Philippines. Vibal Publications.

Websites
[Link]/topics/resource-libray-abiotic-
factor/?q=&page=1&per_page=25 Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/science/high-school-biology/hs-ecology/hs-community-
ecology/a/community-structure Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/mobil/sumaiahalghamdie/community-ecology-125518625
[Link]/[Link] Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/stokes/sw308/A%20COMMUNITY%[Link]
Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/presentation/399538125/No-1-Community-Processes-Dynamics-and-
Empowerment Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link] Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link] Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/13630798924/posts/4044679095516774/ Retrieval date. August
27, 2021
support. google. Retrieval date. August 27,
2021comwebsearch/answe/9789430?p=image_info&visit_id=63738018012441254-
754617007&rd=1 Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/mobile/kazekage15/types-of-communities-219896819 Retrieval
date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/business/organizatins-business/difference-between-formal-
groups-and-informal-grups/ Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/wiki/[Link] Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/the-interpreter/philippines-covid-19-will-devastate-poor Retrieval
date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/2816/management/different_types_formal_groups Retrieval date. August
27, 2021
[Link]/site/childfamilyschoolcommunity/community Retrieval date.
August 27, 2021
[Link]/different-types-of-communities/ Retrieval date. August 27, 2021
studycom/academy/lesson/[Link] Retrieval
date. August 27, 2021
[Link]/sociology/top-8-characteristics-of-urban-community-
explained/35080 Retrieval date. August 27, 2021

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
launion@[Link]
[Link]@[Link]

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