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Class10 Science Notes

The document contains half-yearly notes for Class 10 Science, covering key topics in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. It includes important chemical reactions, formulas related to light, electricity, work, power, energy, and biological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. The notes serve as a concise reference for students preparing for exams.

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oppybhai1989
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4 views2 pages

Class10 Science Notes

The document contains half-yearly notes for Class 10 Science, covering key topics in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. It includes important chemical reactions, formulas related to light, electricity, work, power, energy, and biological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. The notes serve as a concise reference for students preparing for exams.

Uploaded by

oppybhai1989
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Science Half-Yearly Notes

Chemistry - Important Chemical Reactions

Combination Reactions:
- CaO + H■O → Ca(OH)■
- 2H■ + O■ → 2H■O

Decomposition Reactions:
- 2Pb(NO■)■ → 2PbO + 4NO■ + O■
- 2KClO■ → 2KCl + 3O■ (MnO■ catalyst)
- CaCO■ → CaO + CO■

Displacement Reactions:
- Zn + CuSO■ → ZnSO■ + Cu
- Fe + CuSO■ → FeSO■ + Cu

Double Displacement Reactions:


- Na■SO■ + BaCl■ → BaSO■↓ + 2NaCl
- AgNO■ + NaCl → AgCl↓ + NaNO■

Redox Reaction:
- CuO + H■ → Cu + H■O

Acids, Bases & Salts

- HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H■O


- H■SO■ + Zn → ZnSO■ + H■↑
- NaOH + CO■ → Na■CO■ + H■O
- Ca(OH)■ + Cl■ → CaOCl■ + H■O (Bleaching powder)
- NaCl + NH■ + H■O + CO■ → NH■Cl + NaHCO■ (Baking soda)
- CaSO■·½H■O + 1½H■O → CaSO■·2H■O (POP → Gypsum)

Metals & Non-Metals

- 2Na + 2H■O → 2NaOH + H■↑


- Ca + 2H■O → Ca(OH)■ + H■↑
- Fe + S → FeS
- 2Al + Fe■O■ → Al■O■ + 2Fe (Thermite reaction)
- Rusting: 4Fe + 6H■O + 3O■ → 4Fe(OH)■

Carbon & Its Compounds

- CH■ + 2O■ → CO■ + 2H■O


- CH■CH■OH + [O] → CH■COOH + H■O
- CH■ + Cl■ → CH■Cl + HCl (sunlight)
- CH■COOH + C■H■OH → CH■COOC■H■ + H■O (Esterification)
- CH■COOC■H■ + NaOH → CH■COONa + C■H■OH (Saponification)
Physics Formulas

Light – Reflection & Refraction


- 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
- m = h’/h = v/u
- n = c/v
- Snell’s law: n■sin i = n■sin r

Electricity
-V=IR
- Rs = R■ + R■ + …
- 1/Rp = 1/R■ + 1/R■ …
- P = VI = I²R = V²/R
-E=P×t

Work, Power, Energy


- W = F·d·cosθ
- P = W/t
- KE = ½mv²
- PE = mgh

Sound
- v = fλ
- Distance (echo) = v × t / 2

Biology – Quick Notes

Life Processes
- Photosynthesis: CO■ + H■O → C■H■■O■ + O■
- Respiration: Aerobic → More energy, Anaerobic → Less energy
- Transport: Xylem (water), Phloem (food)
- Excretion: Kidney (humans), stomata/resins (plants)

Control & Coordination


- Reflex action via spinal cord
- Plant hormones: Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Abscisic acid
- Human glands: Pituitary (growth), Thyroid (thyroxine), Pancreas (insulin), Adrenal (adrenaline)

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