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Week 10 – Application Assignment
Part 1) GETTING THE SCOOP (6 points)
News of your analytical prowess has spread throughout the area. Naturally, when the coaching
staff of your teen’s high school lacrosse team has a statistical question, they contact the best: you.
The coaching staff wants to know if they can be 95% confident (which means α = 0.05) that the
average difference between the home team and their opponent is more than +2 points. Use the
data below from 35 randomly chosen games to answer their question. The home team’s scores
are listed first.
12 – 6 7–5 10 – 4 5–6 9–8 7–5 7–2
8–6 8–2 8–4 7–1 8–5 6–4 13 – 5
10 – 4 5–8 9–6 6–5 5–4 10 – 6 7 – 10
14 – 10 7–2 6–5 6–5 7–6 8–7 8–3
9–8 8–6 10 – 4 10 – 9 6–7 8–1 8–5
1. What is the name of the type of hypothesis test required here?
Is this a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?
Two sample t test assuming equal variance is used to compare the means.
2. State AND verify all assumptions required for this test.
The sample size > 30
3. State the null and alternate hypotheses for this test: (use correct symbols and format!)
Null hypothesis: 𝐻0: µ1 − µ2≤2
Alternate hypothesis: 𝐻𝐴: µ1 − µ2 > 2
4. Run the correct hypothesis test and provide the information below. Give the correct
symbol AND numeric value of each of the following (round answers to 3 decimal
places).
(8.057−5.257)−2
Test Statistic: 𝑡 = 2 2
√(35−1)2.127 )(35−1)2.267 )/35+35−2(1/35+1/35)
𝑡 = 1. 522
Critical value: ( n1 + n2 -2) = 35 + 35 - 2 = 68 = 1.668
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Degrees of Freedom: ( n1 + n2 -2) = 35 + 35 - 2 = 68
p-value: The P-value for the t statistic is obtained from t distribution table for degree of
freedom of n1 + n2-2 = 35 + 35 - 2 = 68
P-Value = 0.068
5. State your statistical decision (and justify it!)
The P-value is 0.068 which is greater than 0.05 at the 5% significance level for the
one-sided alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is not rejected.
6. Interpret your decision within the context of the problem: what is your conclusion?
We can state that the difference in score is not more than = 2 point between home and
opponent team.
Part 2) FIREFLIES (7 points)
Your hard work building the fancy fire pit you saw on Pinterest has really paid off! Now every
weekend evening in the summer your neighbors and their kids come over to enjoy conversation,
games, and cool beverages with you and your family. One parent has managed to convince the
kids to put down their tablets and phones and play by catching fireflies. You make a game out
of it by seeing how many they can catch every 15 minutes. You collect the data of random
samples below, which shows how many fireflies the kids catch every 15 minutes. Assuming
this data comes from a normally distributed population – can you conclude that the average
number of fireflies caught after 9pm was different from the average caught before 9pm? Use α
= 0.10.
Before 9pm After 9pm
6 8 12 9 15 12 9 14
8 13 11 10 10 12 8 10
1. What is the name of the type of hypothesis test required here? Is this a left-tailed, right-tailed, or
two-tailed test? State AND verify all assumptions required for this test.
Name of the test: paired sample t-test.
Hypothesis test: two-tailed test.
2. State the null and alternate hypotheses for this test: (use correct symbols and format!)
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Null hypothesis: 𝐻0: µ𝑑 = 0
Alternate hypothesis: 𝐻1: µ𝑑 ≠ 0
3. Run the correct hypothesis test and provide the information below. Give the correct symbol
AND numeric value of each of the following (round answers to 3 decimal places).
Test Statistic: t-test
Differences 9,4,-3,5,2,-1,-3 and 0
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𝑋= 8
= 1.625
sd = 123. 875/7 = 4.206712
1.625
t= 4.206712/√8
= 1.093
Critical value(s):
a = 0.10
degrees of freedom = n - 1 = 7
1.895
The critical values are -1.895 and 1.895
p-value = 2 * P(t > 1.093)
= tdist(1.093, 7, 2)
P-value = 0.311
4. State your statistical decision (and justify it!)
If P-value > a then we fail to reject the null hypothesis otherwise reject the null hypothesis.
Here P-value (0.311) is more than a(0.10) so fail to reject the null hypothesis.
5. Interpret your decision within the context of the problem: what is your conclusion?
We fail to reject the null hypothesis that is there is no sufficient evidence to support the claim
that there is a difference in the average before and after.
6. Calculate the 90% confidence interval for the difference of the average number of fireflies caught
in a 15-minute interval before 9pm and the average number of fireflies caught in a 15-minutes
interval after 9pm. Show your work!
4.206712 4.206712
1.625-1.895* > µ𝑑 < 1. 625 + 1. 895 *
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-1.193<µ𝑑>4.443
7. Does your confidence interval support or contradict your conclusion from the hypothesis test
you completed? Explain how you know.
Therefore, the 90% confidence interval for the difference in the average number of fireflies is
(-1.193, 4.443) This interval contains 0 that means it supports the conclusion drawn from the
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hypothesis test. That is, we can say that there is no difference between after and before an
average number of fireflies.
Part 3) ADMISSION RATES (3 points)
You are an assistant director of the alumni association at a local university. You attend a
presentation given by the university’s research director and one of the topics discussed is what
undergraduates do after they matriculate. More specifically, you learn that in the year 2018, a
random sample of 216 undergraduates was surveyed and 54 of them (25%) decided to continue
school to pursue another degree, and that was up two percentage points from the prior year. The
Dean of the College of Business asks the research director if that is a statistically significant
increase. The research director says she isn’t sure, but she will have her analyst follow up. You
notice in the footnotes of the presentation the sample size in the year of 2017 was 200
undergraduates, and that 46 of them continued their education to pursue another degree.
There is a short break in the meeting. Take this opportunity to answer the dean’s question using
a
confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of students who continued their
education in 2018 and 2017. (Use 95% confidence level and note that the university has about
10,000
undergraduate students). [HINT: you will find a confidence interval for this difference and
interpret it to
answer the dean’s question]
p1 = x1/n1 = 54/216 = 0.25
p2 = x2/n2 = 46/200 = 0.23
sample size n1 = 216
sample size n2 = 200
z critical 95% confidence level is 1.96
Confidence interval = (0.25-0.23)±1.96*√(1 − 0. 25) * 0. 25)/216+((1-0.23)*0.23)/200
= 0.02±1.96*0.0419
= (-0.062,0.102)
We are 95% confident that the true difference in proportion of students who continued their
education in 2018 and 2017 is between -0.062 and 0.102
Confidence interval includes 0, so we can say that there is no significant difference between the
proportions.