Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link].

in)
Function name Type and description
ABS Math and
trigonometry: Returns
the absolute value of a
number
ACCRINT Financial: Returns the accrued interest for a security that
pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM Financial: Returns the accrued interest for a security that
pays interest at maturity
ACOS Math and trigonometry: Returns the arccosine of a
number
ACOSH Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic
cosine of a number
ACOT Math and trigonometry: Returns the arccotangent of a
(2013) number
ACOTH Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic
(2013) arccotangent of a number
AGGREGATE Math and trigonometry: Returns an aggregate in a list or
database
ADDRESS Lookup and reference: Returns a reference as text to a
single cell in a worksheet
AMORDEGRC Financial: Returns the depreciation for each accounting
period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC Financial: Returns the depreciation for each accounting
period
AND Logical: Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE
ARABIC Math and trigonometry: Converts a Roman number to
(2013) Arabic, as a number
AREAS Lookup and reference: Returns the number of areas in a
reference
ARRAYTOTEXT Text: Returns an array of text values from any specified
(2021) range

ASC Text: Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or

katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte)
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
characters
ASIN Math and trigonometry: Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic
sine of a number
ATAN Math and trigonometry: Returns the arctangent of a
number
ATAN2 Math and trigonometry: Returns the arctangent from x-
and y-coordinates
ATANH Math and trigonometry: Returns the inverse hyperbolic
tangent of a number
AVEDEV Statistical: Returns the average of the absolute deviations
of data points from their mean
AVERAGE Statistical: Returns the average of its arguments
AVERAGEA Statistical: Returns the average of its arguments,
including numbers, text, and logical values
AVERAGEIF Statistical: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all
the cells in a range that meet a given criteria
AVERAGEIFS Statistical: Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all
cells that meet multiple criteria.
BAHTTEXT Text: Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht)
currency format
BASE Math and trigonometry: Converts a number into a text
representation with the given radix (base)
BESSELI Engineering: Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)
BESSELJ Engineering: Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)
BESSELK Engineering: Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)
BESSELY Engineering: Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)
BETADIST Compatibility: Returns the beta cumulative distribution
function
[Link] Statistical: Returns the beta cumulative distribution
(2010) function
BETAINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the cumulative
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
distribution function for a specified beta distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the cumulative
(2010) distribution function for a specified beta distribution
BIN2DEC Engineering: Converts a binary number to decimal
BIN2HEX Engineering: Converts a binary number to hexadecimal
BIN2OCT Engineering: Converts a binary number to octal
BINOMDIST Compatibility: Returns the individual term binomial
distribution probability
[Link] Statistical: Returns the individual term binomial
(2010) distribution probability
[Link] Statistical: Returns the probability of a trial result using a
(2013) binomial distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the smallest value for which the
(2010) cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a
criterion value
BITAND Engineering: Returns a 'Bitwise And' of two numbers
(2013)
BITLSHIFT Engineering: Returns a value number shifted left by
(2013) shift_amount bits
BITOR Engineering: Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers
(2013)
BITRSHIFT Engineering: Returns a value number shifted right by
(2013) shift_amount bits
BITXOR Engineering: Returns a bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two
(2013) numbers
BYCOL Logical: Applies a LAMBDA to each column and returns
(2024) an array of the results
BYROW Logical: Applies a LAMBDA to each row and returns an
(2024) array of the results
CALL Add-in and Automation: Calls a procedure in a dynamic
link library or code resource
CEILING Compatibility: Rounds a number to the nearest integer or
to the nearest multiple of significance
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
[Link] Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up, to the
(2013) nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
[Link] Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number the nearest
integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless
of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
CELL Information: Returns information about the formatting,
location, or contents of a cell

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

CHAR Text: Returns the character specified by the code number
CHIDIST Compatibility: Returns the one-tailed probability of the
chi-squared distribution
CHIINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed
probability of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST Compatibility: Returns the test for independence
[Link] Statistical: Returns the cumulative beta probability density
(2010) function
[Link] Statistical: Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-
(2010) squared distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the cumulative beta probability density
(2010) function
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the one-tailed
(2010) probability of the chi-squared distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the test for independence
(2010)
CHOOSE Lookup and reference: Chooses a value from a list of
values
CHOOSECOLS Lookup and reference: Returns the specified columns
(2024) from an array
CHOOSEROWS Lookup and reference: Returns the specified rows from
(2024) an array
CLEAN Text: Removes all nonprintable characters from text
CODE Text: Returns a numeric code for the first character in a
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
text string
COLUMN Lookup and reference: Returns the column number of a
reference
COLUMNS Lookup and reference: Returns the number of columns in
a reference
COMBIN Math and trigonometry: Returns the number of
combinations for a given number of objects
COMBINA Math and trigonometry:
(2013) Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a
given number of items
COMPLEX Engineering: Converts real and imaginary coefficients into
a complex number
CONCAT Text: Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or
(2019) strings, but it doesn't provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty
arguments.
CONCATENATE Text: Joins several text items into one text item
CONFIDENCE Compatibility: Returns the confidence interval for a
population mean
[Link] Statistical: Returns the confidence interval for a
(2010) population mean
CONFIDENCE.T Statistical: Returns the confidence interval for a
(2010) population mean, using a Student's t distribution
CONVERT Engineering: Converts a number from one measurement
system to another
CORREL Statistical: Returns the correlation coefficient between two
data sets
COS Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosine of a number
COSH Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of
a number
COT Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of
(2013) a number
COTH Math and trigonometry: Returns the cotangent of an
(2013) angle
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
COUNT Statistical: Counts how many numbers are in the list of
arguments
COUNTA Statistical: Counts how many values are in the list of
arguments
COUNTBLANK Statistical: Counts the number of blank cells within a
range
COUNTIF Statistical: Counts the number of cells within a range that
meet the given criteria
COUNTIFS Statistical: Counts the number of cells within a range that
meet multiple criteria
COUPDAYBS Financial: Returns the number of days from the beginning
of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS Financial: Returns the number of days in the coupon
period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC Financial: Returns the number of days from the settlement
date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD Financial: Returns the next coupon date after the
settlement date
COUPNUM Financial: Returns the number of coupons payable
between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD Financial: Returns the previous coupon date before the
settlement date
COVAR Compatibility: Returns covariance, the average of the
products of paired deviations
COVARIANCE.P Statistical: Returns covariance, the average of the
(2010) products of paired deviations
COVARIANCE.S Statistical: Returns the sample covariance, the average of
(2010) the products deviations for each data point pair in two data
sets
CRITBINOM Compatibility: Returns the smallest value for which the
cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a
criterion value
CSC Math and trigonometry: Returns the cosecant of an angle
(2013)
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
CSCH Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant
(2013) of an angle
CUBEKPIMEMBER Cube: Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name,
property, and measure, and displays the name and property
in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as
monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to
monitor an organization's performance.
CUBEMEMBER Cube: Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use
to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY Cube: Returns the value of a member property in the
cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the
cube and to return the specified property for this member.
CUBERANKEDMEMBER Cube: Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to
return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales
performer or top 10 students.
CUBESET Cube: Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by
sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which
creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office
Excel.
CUBESETCOUNT Cube: Returns the number of items in a set.
CUBEVALUE Cube: Returns an aggregated value from a cube.
CUMIPMT Financial: Returns the cumulative interest paid between
two periods
CUMPRINC Financial: Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan
between two periods
DATE Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular
date
DATEDIF Date and time: Calculates the number of days, months, or
years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas
where you need to calculate an age.
DATEVALUE Date and time: Converts a date in the form of text to a
serial number
DAVERAGE Database: Returns the average of selected database
entries
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
DAY Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the
month
DAYS Date and time: Returns the number of days between two
(2013) dates
DAYS360 Date and time: Calculates the number of days between
two dates based on a 360-day year
DB Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a
specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method
DBCS Text: Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or
(2013) katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte)
characters
DCOUNT Database: Counts the cells that contain numbers in a
database
DCOUNTA Database: Counts nonblank cells in a database
DDB Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a
specified period by using the double-declining balance
method or some other method that you specify
DEC2BIN Engineering: Converts a decimal number to binary
DEC2HEX Engineering: Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal
DEC2OCT Engineering: Converts a decimal number to octal
DECIMAL Math and trigonometry: Converts a text representation of
(2013) a number in a given base into a decimal number
DEGREES Math and trigonometry: Converts radians to degrees
DELTA Engineering: Tests whether two values are equal
DETECTLANGUAGE Text: Identifies the language of a specified text
(Microsoft 365)
DEVSQ Statistical: Returns the sum of squares of deviations
DGET Database: Extracts from a database a single record that
matches the specified criteria
DISC Financial: Returns the discount rate for a security
DMAX Database: Returns the maximum value from selected
database entries
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
DMIN Database: Returns the minimum value from selected
database entries
DOLLAR Text: Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar)
currency format
DOLLARDE Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction,
into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR Financial: Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal
number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DPRODUCT Database: Multiplies the values in a particular field of
records that match the criteria in a database
DROP Lookup and reference: Excludes a specified number of
(2024) rows or columns from the start or end of an array
DSTDEV Database: Estimates the standard deviation based on a
sample of selected database entries
DSTDEVP Database: Calculates the standard deviation based on the
entire population of selected database entries
DSUM Database: Adds the numbers in the field column of
records in the database that match the criteria
DURATION Financial: Returns the annual duration of a security with
periodic interest payments
DVAR Database: Estimates variance based on a sample from
selected database entries
DVARP Database: Calculates variance based on the entire
population of selected database entries
EDATE Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date that
is the indicated number of months before or after the start
date
EFFECT Financial: Returns the effective annual interest rate
ENCODEURL Web: Returns a URL-encoded string
(2013)
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
EOMONTH Date and time: Returns the serial number of the last day
of the month before or after a specified number of months
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
ERF Engineering: Returns the error function
[Link] Engineering: Returns the error function
(2010)
ERFC Engineering: Returns the complementary error function
[Link] Engineering: Returns the complementary ERF function
(2010) integrated between x and infinity
[Link] Information: Returns a number corresponding to an error
type
EUROCONVERT Add-in and Automation: Converts a number to euros,
converts a number from euros to a euro member currency,
or converts a number from one euro member currency to
another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).
EVEN Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the
nearest even integer
EXACT Text: Checks to see if two text values are identical
EXP Math and trigonometry: Returns e raised to the power of
a given number
EXPAND Lookup and reference: Expands or pads an array to
(2024) specified row and column dimensions
[Link] Statistical: Returns the exponential distribution
(2010)
EXPONDIST Compatibility: Returns the exponential distribution
FACT Math and trigonometry: Returns the factorial of a number
FACTDOUBLE Math and trigonometry: Returns the double factorial of a
number
FALSE Logical: Returns the logical value FALSE
[Link] Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution
(2010)
FDIST Compatibility: Returns the F probability distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the F probability distribution
(2010)
FILTER Lookup and reference: Filters a range of data based on
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
(2021) criteria you define
FILTERXML Web: Returns specific data from the XML content by using
(2013) the specified XPath

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

FIND, FINDB Text: Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability
(2010) distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the F probability
(2010) distribution
FINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the F probability
distribution
FISHER Statistical: Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Fisher
transformation
FIXED Text: Formats a number as text with a fixed number of
decimals
FLOOR Compatibility: Rounds a number down, toward zero
[Link] Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, to the
(2013) nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance
[Link] Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number the nearest
integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless
of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.
FORECAST Statistical: Returns a value along a linear trend

This function has been replaced

with [Link] as part of the new Forecasting,
but it's still available for compatibility with earlier versions.
[Link] Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing
(2016) (historical) values by using the AAA version of the
Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm
[Link] Statistical: Returns a confidence interval for the forecast
(2016) value at the specified target date
[Link] Statistical: Returns the length of the repetitive pattern
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
(2016) Excel detects for the specified time series
[Link] Statistical: Returns a statistical value as a result of time
(2016) series forecasting
[Link] Statistical: Returns a future value based on existing
(2016) values
FORMULATEXT Lookup and reference: Returns the formula at the given
(2013) reference as text
FREQUENCY Statistical: Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical
array
[Link] Statistical: Returns the result of an F-test
(2010)
FTEST Compatibility: Returns the result of an F-test
FV Financial: Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE Financial: Returns the future value of an initial principal
after applying a series of compound interest rates
GAMMA Statistical: Returns the Gamma function value
(2013)
[Link] Statistical: Returns the gamma distribution
(2010)
GAMMADIST Compatibility: Returns the gamma distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative
(2010) distribution
GAMMAINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the gamma
cumulative distribution
GAMMALN Statistical: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma
function, Γ(x)
[Link] Statistical: Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma
(2010) function, Γ(x)
GAUSS Statistical: Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal
(2013) cumulative distribution
GCD Math and trigonometry: Returns the greatest common
divisor
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
GEOMEAN Statistical: Returns the geometric mean
GESTEP Engineering: Tests whether a number is greater than a
threshold value
GETPIVOTDATA Lookup and reference: Returns data stored in a
PivotTable report
GROUPBY Lookup and reference: Helps a user group, aggregate,
(Microsoft 365) sort, and filter data based on the fields you specify
GROWTH Statistical: Returns values along an exponential trend
HARMEAN Statistical: Returns the harmonic mean
HEX2BIN Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to binary
HEX2DEC Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal
HEX2OCT Engineering: Converts a hexadecimal number to octal
HLOOKUP Lookup and reference: Looks in the top row of an array
and returns the value of the indicated cell
HOUR Date and time: Converts a serial number to an hour
HSTACK Lookup and reference: Appends arrays horizontally
(2024) and in sequence to return a larger array
HYPERLINK Lookup and reference: Creates a shortcut or jump that
opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet,
or the Internet
[Link] Statistical: Returns the hypergeometric distribution
HYPGEOMDIST Compatibility: Returns the hypergeometric distribution
IF Logical: Specifies a logical test to perform
IFERROR Logical: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates
to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula
IFNA Logical: Returns the value you specify if the expression
(2013) resolves to #N/A, otherwise returns the result of the
expression
IFS Logical: Checks whether one or more conditions are met
(2019) and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE
condition.
IMABS Engineering: Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
complex number
IMAGE Lookup and reference: Returns an image from a given
(2024) source
IMAGINARY Engineering: Returns the imaginary coefficient of a
complex number
IMARGUMENT Engineering: Returns the argument theta, an angle
expressed in radians
IMCONJUGATE Engineering: Returns the complex conjugate of a complex
number
IMCOS Engineering: Returns the cosine of a complex number
IMCOSH Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex
(2013) number
IMCOT Engineering: Returns the cotangent of a complex number
(2013)
IMCSC Engineering: Returns the cosecant of a complex number
(2013)
IMCSCH Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a
(2013) complex number
IMDIV Engineering: Returns the quotient of two complex
numbers
IMEXP Engineering: Returns the exponential of a complex
number
IMLN Engineering: Returns the natural logarithm of a complex
number
IMLOG10 Engineering: Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex
number
IMLOG2 Engineering: Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex
number
IMPOWER Engineering: Returns a complex number raised to an
integer power
IMPRODUCT Engineering: Returns the product of complex numbers
IMREAL Engineering: Returns the real coefficient of a complex
number
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
IMSEC Engineering: Returns the secant of a complex number
(2013)
IMSECH Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex
(2013) number
IMSIN Engineering: Returns the sine of a complex number
IMSINH Engineering: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex
(2013) number
IMSQRT Engineering: Returns the square root of a complex
number
IMSUB Engineering: Returns the difference between two complex
numbers
IMSUM Engineering: Returns the sum of complex numbers
IMTAN Engineering: Returns the tangent of a complex number
(2013)
INDEX Lookup and reference: Uses an index to choose a value
from a reference or array
INDIRECT Lookup and reference: Returns a reference indicated by
a text value
INFO Information: Returns information about the current
operating environment

This function is not available in Excel for the web.

INT Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down to the
nearest integer
INTERCEPT Statistical: Returns the intercept of the linear regression
line
INTRATE Financial: Returns the interest rate for a fully invested
security
IPMT Financial: Returns the interest payment for an investment
for a given period
IRR Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a series of
cash flows
ISBLANK Information: Returns TRUE if the value is blank
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
ISERR Information: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
except #N/A
ISERROR Information: Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISEVEN Information: Returns TRUE if the number is even
ISFORMULA Information: Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell
(2013) that contains a formula
ISLOGICAL Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA Information: Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error
value
ISNONTEXT Information: Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a number
ISODD Information: Returns TRUE if the number is odd
ISOMITTED Information: Checks whether the value in a LAMBDA is
(2024) missing and returns TRUE or FALSE
ISREF Information: Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT Information: Returns TRUE if the value is text
[Link] Math and trigonometry: Returns a number that is
(2013) rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple
of significance
ISOWEEKNUM Date and time: Returns the number of the ISO week
(2013) number of the year for a given date
ISPMT Financial: Calculates the interest paid during a specific
period of an investment
JIS Text: Changes half-width (single-byte) characters within a
string to full-width (double-byte) characters
KURT Statistical: Returns the kurtosis of a data set
LAMBDA Logical: Create custom, reusable and call them by a
(2024) friendly name
LARGE Statistical: Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LCM Math and trigonometry: Returns the least common
multiple
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
LEFT, LEFTB Text: Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN, LENB Text: Returns the number of characters in a text string
LET Logical: Assigns names to calculation results
(2021)
LINEST Statistical: Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LN Math and trigonometry: Returns the natural logarithm of
a number
LOG Math and trigonometry: Returns the logarithm of a
number to a specified base
LOG10 Math and trigonometry: Returns the base-10 logarithm of
a number
LOGEST Statistical: Returns the parameters of an exponential
trend
LOGINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the lognormal
cumulative distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
(2010)
LOGNORMDIST Compatibility: Returns the cumulative lognormal
distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the lognormal
(2010) cumulative distribution
LOOKUP Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a vector or
array
LOWER Text: Converts text to lowercase
MAKEARRAY Logical: Returns a calculated array of a specified row and
(2024) column size, by applying a LAMBDA
MAP Logical: Returns an array formed by mapping each value
(2024) in the array(s) to a new value by applying a LAMBDA to
create a new value
MATCH Lookup and reference: Looks up values in a reference or
array
MAX Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of
arguments
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
MAXA Statistical: Returns the maximum value in a list of
arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MAXIFS Statistical: Returns the maximum value among cells
(2019) specified by a given set of conditions or criteria
MDETERM Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix determinant
of an array
MDURATION Financial: Returns the Macauley modified duration for a
security with an assumed par value of $100
MEDIAN Statistical: Returns the median of the given numbers
MID, MIDB Text: Returns a specific number of characters from a text
string starting at the position you specify
MIN Statistical: Returns the minimum value in a list of
arguments
MINIFS Statistical: Returns the minimum value among cells
(2019) specified by a given set of conditions or criteria.
MINA Statistical: Returns the smallest value in a list of
arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values
MINUTE Date and time: Converts a serial number to a minute
MINVERSE Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix inverse of an
array
MIRR Financial: Returns the internal rate of return where
positive and negative cash flows are financed at different
rates
MMULT Math and trigonometry: Returns the matrix product of two
arrays
MOD Math and trigonometry: Returns the remainder from
division
MODE Compatibility: Returns the most common value in a data
set
[Link] Statistical: Returns a vertical array of the most frequently
(2010) occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data
[Link] Statistical: Returns the most common value in a data set
(2010)
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
MONTH Date and time: Converts a serial number to a month
MROUND Math and trigonometry: Returns a number rounded to the
desired multiple
MULTINOMIAL Math and trigonometry: Returns the multinomial of a set
of numbers
MUNIT Math and trigonometry: Returns the unit matrix or the
(2013) specified dimension
N Information: Returns a value converted to a number
NA Information: Returns the error value #N/A
[Link] Statistical: Returns the negative binomial distribution
(2010)
NEGBINOMDIST Compatibility: Returns the negative binomial distribution
NETWORKDAYS Date and time: Returns the number of whole workdays
between two dates
[Link] Date and time: Returns the number of whole workdays
(2010) between two dates using parameters to indicate which and
how many days are weekend days
NOMINAL Financial: Returns the annual nominal interest rate
[Link] Statistical: Returns the normal cumulative distribution
(2010)
NORMDIST Compatibility: Returns the normal cumulative distribution
NORMINV Statistical: Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative
distribution
[Link] Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the normal
(2010) cumulative distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the standard normal cumulative
(2010) distribution
NORMSDIST Compatibility: Returns the standard normal cumulative
distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the inverse of the standard normal
(2010) cumulative distribution
NORMSINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the standard normal
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
cumulative distribution
NOT Logical: Reverses the logic of its argument
NOW Date and time: Returns the serial number of the current
date and time
NPER Financial: Returns the number of periods for an
investment
NPV Financial: Returns the net present value of an investment
based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
NUMBERVALUE Text: Converts text to number in a locale-independent
(2013) manner
OCT2BIN Engineering: Converts an octal number to binary
OCT2DEC Engineering: Converts an octal number to decimal
OCT2HEX Engineering: Converts an octal number to hexadecimal
ODD Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up to the
nearest odd integer
ODDFPRICE Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a
security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD Financial: Returns the yield of a security with an odd first
period
ODDLPRICE Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a
security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD Financial: Returns the yield of a security with an odd last
period
OFFSET Lookup and reference: Returns a reference offset from a
given reference
OR Logical: Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
PDURATION Financial: Returns the number of periods required by an
(2013) investment to reach a specified value
PEARSON Statistical: Returns the Pearson product moment
correlation coefficient
[Link] Statistical: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a
(2010) range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
[Link] Statistical: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
(2010)
PERCENTILE Compatibility: Returns the k-th percentile of values in a
range
PERCENTOF Math and trigonometry: Sums the values in the subset
(Microsoft 365) and divides it by all the values
[Link] Statistical: Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a
(2010) percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set
[Link] Statistical: Returns the percentage rank of a value in a
(2010) data set
PERCENTRANK Compatibility: Returns the percentage rank of a value in a
data set
PERMUT Statistical: Returns the number of permutations for a
given number of objects
PERMUTATIONA Statistical: Returns the number of permutations for a
(2013) given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be
selected from the total objects
PHI Statistical: Returns the value of the density function for a
(2013) standard normal distribution
PHONETIC Text: Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a
text string
PI Math and trigonometry: Returns the value of pi
PIVOTBY Lookup and reference: Helps a user group, aggregate,
(Microsoft 365) sort, and filter data based on the row and column fields that
you specify
PMT Financial: Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
[Link] Statistical: Returns the Poisson distribution
(2010)
POISSON Compatibility: Returns the Poisson distribution
POWER Math and trigonometry: Returns the result of a number
raised to a power
PPMT Financial: Returns the payment on the principal for an
investment for a given period
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
PRICE Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a
security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a
discounted security
PRICEMAT Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value of a
security that pays interest at maturity
PROB Statistical: Returns the probability that values in a range
are between two limits
PRODUCT Math and trigonometry: Multiplies its arguments
PROPER Text: Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value
PV Financial: Returns the present value of an investment
QUARTILE Compatibility: Returns the quartile of a data set
[Link] Statistical: Returns the quartile of the data set, based on
(2010) percentile values from 0..1, exclusive
[Link] Statistical: Returns the quartile of a data set
(2010)
QUOTIENT Math and trigonometry: Returns the integer portion of a
division
RADIANS Math and trigonometry: Converts degrees to radians
RAND Math and trigonometry: Returns a random number
between 0 and 1
RANDARRAY Math and trigonometry: Returns an array of random
(2021) numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the
number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum
values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal
values.
RANDBETWEEN Math and trigonometry: Returns a random number
between the numbers you specify
[Link] Statistical: Returns the rank of a number in a list of
(2010) numbers
[Link] Statistical: Returns the rank of a number in a list of
(2010) numbers
RANK Compatibility: Returns the rank of a number in a list of
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
numbers
RATE Financial: Returns the interest rate per period of an
annuity
RECEIVED Financial: Returns the amount received at maturity for a
fully invested security
REDUCE Logical: Reduces an array to an accumulated value by
(2024) applying a LAMBDA to each value and returning the total
value in the accumulator
REGEXEXTRACT Text: Extracts strings within the provided text that matches
(Microsoft 365) the pattern
REGEXREPLACE Text: Replaces strings within the provided text that
(Microsoft 365) matches the pattern with replacement
REGEXTEST Text: Determines whether any part of text matches the
(Microsoft 365) pattern
[Link] Add-in and Automation: Returns the register ID of the
specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that
has been previously registered
REPLACE, REPLACEB Text: Replaces characters within text
REPT Text: Repeats text a given number of times
RIGHT, RIGHTB Text: Returns the rightmost characters from a text value
ROMAN Math and trigonometry: Converts an arabic numeral to
roman, as text
ROUND Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number to a specified
number of digits
ROUNDDOWN Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number down, toward
zero
ROUNDUP Math and trigonometry: Rounds a number up, away from
zero
ROW Lookup and reference: Returns the row number of a
reference
ROWS Lookup and reference: Returns the number of rows in a
reference
RRI Financial: Returns an equivalent interest rate for the
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
(2013) growth of an investment
RSQ Statistical: Returns the square of the Pearson product
moment correlation coefficient
RTD Lookup and reference: Retrieves real-time data from a
program that supports COM automation
SCAN Logical: Scans an array by applying a LAMBDA to each
(2024) value and returns an array that has each intermediate value
SEARCH, SEARCHB Text: Finds one text value within another (not case-
sensitive)
SEC Math and trigonometry: Returns the secant of an angle
(2013)
SECH Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic secant of
(2013) an angle
SECOND Date and time: Converts a serial number to a second
SEQUENCE Math and trigonometry: Generates a list of sequential
(2021) numbers in an array, such as 1, 2, 3, 4
SERIESSUM Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of a power
series based on the formula
SHEET Information: Returns the sheet number of the referenced
(2013) sheet
SHEETS Information: Returns the number of sheets in a reference
(2013)
SIGN Math and trigonometry: Returns the sign of a number
SIN Math and trigonometry: Returns the sine of the given
angle
SINH Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic sine of a
number
SKEW Statistical: Returns the skewness of a distribution
SKEW.P Statistical: Returns the skewness of a distribution based
(2013) on a population: a characterization of the degree of
asymmetry of a distribution around its mean
SLN Financial: Returns the straight-line depreciation of an
asset for one period
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
SLOPE Statistical: Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL Statistical: Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
SORT Lookup and reference: Sorts the contents of a range or
(2021) array
SORTBY Lookup and reference: Sorts the contents of a range or
(2021) array based on the values in a corresponding range or array
SQRT Math and trigonometry: Returns a positive square root
SQRTPI Math and trigonometry: Returns the square root of
(number * pi)
STANDARDIZE Statistical: Returns a normalized value
STOCKHISTORY Information: Retrieves historical data about a financial
(Microsoft 365) instrument
STDEV Compatibility: Estimates standard deviation based on a
sample
STDEV.P Statistical: Calculates standard deviation based on the
(2010) entire population
STDEV.S Statistical: Estimates standard deviation based on a
(2010) sample
STDEVA Statistical: Estimates standard deviation based on a
sample, including numbers, text, and logical values
STDEVP Compatibility: Calculates standard deviation based on the
entire population
STDEVPA Statistical: Calculates standard deviation based on the
entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values
STEYX Statistical: Returns the standard error of the predicted y-
value for each x in the regression
STOCKHISTORY Information: Retrieves historical data about a financial
instrument and loads it as an array
SUBSTITUTE Text: Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
SUBTOTAL Math and trigonometry: Returns a subtotal in a list or
database
SUM Math and trigonometry: Adds its arguments
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
SUMIF Math and trigonometry: Adds the cells specified by a
given criteria
SUMIFS Math and trigonometry: Adds the cells in a range that
meet multiple criteria
SUMPRODUCT Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the products
of corresponding array components
SUMSQ Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the squares
of the arguments
SUMX2MY2 Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the
difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMX2PY2 Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of the sum of
squares of corresponding values in two arrays
SUMXMY2 Math and trigonometry: Returns the sum of squares of
differences of corresponding values in two arrays
SWITCH Logical: Evaluates an expression against a list of values
(2019) and returns the result corresponding to the first matching
value. If there is no match, an optional default value may be
returned.
SYD Financial: Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of
an asset for a specified period
T Text: Converts its arguments to text
TAN Math and trigonometry: Returns the tangent of a number
TANH Math and trigonometry: Returns the hyperbolic tangent of
a number
TAKE Lookup and reference: Returns a specified number of
(2024) contiguous rows or columns from the start or end of an array
TBILLEQ Financial: Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a
Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE Financial: Returns the price per $100 face value for a
Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD Financial: Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
[Link] Statistical: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for
(2010) the Student t-distribution
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
[Link].2T Statistical: Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for
(2010) the Student t-distribution
[Link] Statistical: Returns the Student's t-distribution
(2010)
TDIST Compatibility: Returns the Student's t-distribution
TEXT Text: Formats a number and converts it to text
TEXTAFTER Text: Returns text that occurs after given character or
(2024) string
TEXTBEFORE Text: Returns text that occurs before a given character or
(2024) string
TEXTJOIN Text: Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or
(2019) strings
TEXTSPLIT Text: Splits text strings by using column and row delimiters
(2024)
TIME Date and time: Returns the serial number of a particular
time
TIMEVALUE Date and time: Converts a time in the form of text to a
serial number
[Link] Statistical: Returns the t-value of the Student's t-
(2010) distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of
freedom
[Link].2T Statistical: Returns the inverse of the Student's t-
(2010) distribution
TINV Compatibility: Returns the inverse of the Student's t-
distribution
TOCOL Lookup and reference: Returns the array in a single
(2024) column
TOROW Lookup and reference: Returns the array in a single row
(2024)
TODAY Date and time: Returns the serial number of today's date
TRANSLATE Text: Translates a text from one language to another
(Microsoft 365)
TRANSPOSE Lookup and reference: Returns the transpose of an array
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
TREND Statistical: Returns values along a linear trend
TRIM Text: Removes spaces from text
TRIMMEAN Statistical: Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TRIMRANGE Lookup and reference: Scans in from the edges of a
(Microsoft 365) range or array until it finds a non-blank cell (or value), it then
excludes those blank rows or columns
TRUE Logical: Returns the logical value TRUE
TRUNC Math and trigonometry: Truncates a number to an
integer
[Link] Statistical: Returns the probability associated with a
(2010) Student's t-test
TTEST Compatibility: Returns the probability associated with a
Student's t-test
TYPE Information: Returns a number indicating the data type of
a value
UNICHAR Text: Returns the Unicode character that is references by
(2013) the given numeric value
UNICODE Text: Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to
(2013) the first character of the text
UNIQUE Lookup and reference: Returns a list of unique values in
(2021) a list or range
UPPER Text: Converts text to uppercase
VALUE Text: Converts a text argument to a number
VALUETOTEXT Text: Returns text from any specified value
(2021)
VAR Compatibility: Estimates variance based on a sample
VAR.P Statistical: Calculates variance based on the entire
(2010) population
VAR.S Statistical: Estimates variance based on a sample
(2010)
VARA Statistical: Estimates variance based on a sample,
including numbers, text, and logical values
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
VARP Compatibility: Calculates variance based on the entire
population
VARPA Statistical: Calculates variance based on the entire
population, including numbers, text, and logical values
VDB Financial: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a
specified or partial period by using a declining balance
method
VLOOKUP Lookup and reference: Looks in the first column of an
array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell
VSTACK Look and reference: Appends arrays vertically and in
(2024) sequence to return a larger array
WEBSERVICE Web: Returns data from a web service.
(2013)
This function is not available in Excel for the web.
WEEKDAY Date and time: Converts a serial number to a day of the
week
WEEKNUM Date and time: Converts a serial number to a number
representing where the week falls numerically with a year
WEIBULL Compatibility: Calculates variance based on the entire
population, including numbers, text, and logical values
[Link] Statistical: Returns the Weibull distribution
(2010)
WORKDAY Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date
before or after a specified number of workdays
[Link] Date and time: Returns the serial number of the date
(2010) before or after a specified number of workdays using
parameters to indicate which and how many days are
weekend days
WRAPCOLS Look and reference: Wraps the provided row or column of
(2024) values by columns after a specified number of elements
WRAPROWS Look and reference: Wraps the provided row or column of
(2024) values by rows after a specified number of elements
XIRR Financial: Returns the internal rate of return for a
schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
 Sunrise Computer Institute ([Link])
Function name Type and description
XLOOKUP Lookup and reference: Searches a range or an array,
(2021) and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds.
If a match doesn't exist, then XLOOKUP can return
the closest (approximate) match.
XMATCH Lookup and reference: Returns the relative position of an
(2021) item in an array or range of cells.
XNPV Financial: Returns the net present value for a schedule of
cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XOR Logical: Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments
(2013)
YEAR Date and time: Converts a serial number to a year
YEARFRAC Date and time: Returns the year fraction representing the
number of whole days between start_date and end_date
YIELD Financial: Returns the yield on a security that pays
periodic interest
YIELDDISC Financial: Returns the annual yield for a discounted
security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT Financial: Returns the annual yield of a security that pays
interest at maturity
[Link] Statistical: Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-
(2010) test
ZTEST Compatibility: Returns the one-tailed probability-value of
a z-test