Tnternal &uestton with Answehs.
Gth semester
Subjet: SGPD. CTH-2)
.
1. (a). Wrcte i fferen ce bet? fase &circuit Breater ?
Ans
Fuse crcwt Breaken
’1E perforris both detection str performs vterpuatin
qnd interruption functtons. fanctton ondy. The detetio
6 fault is made by
rely syster,
’ Brea king cafaty o tsereating capacty f
elements small. irut breater s /age.'
Operathng . time S rerg ’ Compavely large
Small. (o.o02 sec)
’ Reguires neplacernënt No replaepment 1s
regulred
affer .erery operaton
(b Defene RRRV?
sl»pe of th steepet tngent
to the restrking votage ts
For a units is kylm Sec.
restiing otgeharngths aRRRV
Areguency transient copnend single
s
obtaied y divcaling the men.
the oscilaton y the duratbn. of frst
half wave . Hgher values od naterad feeeng
Ca, be relaed wch highen RRR V.
(c) whot is short ccuit kyA 9
Ans- The product o4 normal systen vollsge
ald Shorti cihcuuti curent at fhe point
of fautt s Called short circuit ke.
Short ircuit kA for 3-phase systo,
(000
{000 7.x
Base KvA x
(do state advantq,ges od statte Re/ay?
(w leucek respons, lng lePe, shock prof,
Ans. maintenance, high reliabiby
fes problems of
ard a h'gh degree a4 acturay}
Absence of monng Cntacts, asso ciaty
(b
Problem s, of areing, Contact bounte erosi
(e) Wirite the advartaqes ot #RC fuse
qns- 0) they ane Capable
od learing high as
well as toco fautt Currents
\)Theg do, not tdeteriorate' with ag.
ae.
(m hey. have high 'spèed df aperato,.
OThey Provi'de reliable discrimipate
v They reeuteno mainlenamce
(f They permit'ce)scstet perfermane.
) Defne Fusing facter ?
sing
Ans- + is the ratio betn minimmum A
Curent devid ed t to cirent rttng
o the Ruse
Fusi factor ': Minimun fusing Current
His ugually greater than one
) Defne Restriking vohage 4 Recovery Vatge ?
ans - 4 is the transient vooge that appears,
across the Contact at the time f arent
Zero
Recove y oltge i ge ` the or ma/ Fre ueny
yoltage that ppears across the ..Cordact od
aferi areextmction
the circut 'breakenn
S agpronima!y egua to the Syotem vote.
#0 A 3¢ +rmgmission me operatng at
Io kV andhaying resistonçe ef (g7d reactomce
lys is comected to the generafng statbn:
through 65 mya set up transtormer havln9 a
Reacdonce of 5The bus,6ars are supp led
Yo mva alternator" having (o %reactamce
calce/ätethe ahorteireit Rn feel to
$yometrecal falt between Phases . # t it
OCCUrs .
)At fhe load end of the transiss/orn ne
() At he high ferminal voltge od the
transformer.
Ans
10mVA
o
Let base /o mv
Pereentage reacBance of the generator at
base mvA
Percentage reactme e od theTransfor mer at
base mvA
exs.
Total rea cHance up to falt polt
y.2:totay 2
TLreactance )+R
60824
83
(/ short
o3.
1643
t)Total reacence.(z*) =lotlo-207.
[Link],Base m x00a.
Shant
Explain the operation of Sulphur Hexa-fluoride
(SF) circuit breaker with diagram and write
the advantages and limitations of SF, circuit
breaker.
Ans. Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF) Circuit
óreakers : In such circuit breakers, sulphur hexaflouride
(SF)gas is used as the arc quenching medium. The SF 6
is an electro-negative gas and has a strong tendency to
absorb free electrons. The contacts of the breaker are
opened in a high pressure flow of SF. gas and an arc is
struck between them. The conducting free electrons in
the arc are rapidly captured by the gas to form relatively
immobile negative ions. This loss of conducting
electrons in the arc quickly builds up enough insulation
strength to extinguish the arc. The SF, circuit breakers
have been found to be very effective for high power and
high voltage service.
Working: In the closed position of the breaker,
the contacts remain surrounded by SF, gas at a pressure
of about 2.8 kg/cm. When the breaker operates, the
moving contact is pulled apart and an arc is struck
between the contacts. The movement of the moving
contactis synchronised with the opening of avalve which
permits SF, gas at 14 kg/cm' pressure from the reservoir
flow path medium andoperation
between of advantages
listed SF, time. to3 interrupt operation
to so because sealeo
ineffective acti
strength: SFgas TeTTber
Fhed properties dry
breaker.
exhaust tracking: mines.
pressure
arc the inlei
-Arcng
om are of arcingis2 interior and
by
breaker propertygas can breakers
the them noiseless enciosedcoal
in are dielectricclosed
electrons many shortSF,breakers no circuit that
high quenching and the problem. eliminated. e.g.,
whichthe the have
of
Some quenching
very of
6
keeps such so
The is blast deposits totally exists
thathigh Aftervalve Cortacis chambe strength givescircuit
chamber.
freeions Ac
arc
breakers have circuit
breaker air enclosure
in
moisture
non-inflammable.
is up arc. the
breakers. fire theyhazard
are are from
atmosphere,
the negative
result
builds
the extinction), superior arc breakers suchmuch
dielectric larger
the
current. gas unlike carbon
problems
interruption
absorbs circuit superior air, closed risk
of breakers
explosion
Thbe quickly
immobile
of
extinction Moing
member circuit circuit gas no
no
springs. outlet
the SF, circuit of is no
atmosphere
closed
carriers.
rapidly contacts arc
Cas
Advantages
: air to
the that SF, its there is
is gas are
SF,
insulation
to 6 to where
arc formember
moving the or
Due gas, Due such Sincetimes The due Thethat ThereSF, There Since
the after of operating
rods
lnsutated
the SF, formcharge causes set oil below:
SF, Over (1)
(ii) (iv) (v) (vi)
to of to the (ie.,aof (ii) (vii)
(Mi) The SF, breakers have lowmaintenance cost, light
foundation requirements and minimum
cquipment.
Limitations
() SF, breakers are costly duetto the high cost of SF,
()SSince SF, gas hasto be: reconditioned after
to be
every
operationsof the breaker, additional equipment is
required for this purpose.
[Link] relay earth are
taking
The details.
Ans. in
schemeDescribe
This with fault Alternators
gram circulating
oftype place
& In
rculating this
alternators
can in
of stator the
for
protection be using
current differential
this
current minimised
winding the
type principle. Merz-Price
most
rinciple.
of is i.e.
called common
by
tion usingphase protection
merz circulating
differential totype
phase
is faults
given price
& of
CT, CT, CB
w -Balance resistor
Pilot wire
operating
coil
Trip contact
Working:
There are two CTS in each side of the stator
Windings the secondary of the two CTS are connected
in star & their ends are connected through pilot wires.
The operating coil or the relay coil are connected
in star in which the neutral point of the CT connected to
the relay coil to make a common ground.
The pilot wires are balancing resistances to make
equipotential points to maintain the current in the pilot
wire balance so that under normal condition the relay
coil will have no current.
Under fault conditions the relay coil will take
some current due to unbalancing & for this the CB
contact willclose to trip the ckt and the CB willoperate
to Isolate the generator winding.
Similarly for earth fault earthing resistance are
also provided and when even there is earth fault in any
phase the current in the second arises of the two CTS
willbe unequal & thedifference of the two current flow
through the relay current & and CB will be trip.
Similarly for the short CKT between the two
phases A & Bthe fault current will flow through the
two phase and the currents in the secondary of the two
CTS will be affected & the current will be un equal &
the differential current will flow to the relay coil& the
CB will trip to isolate the CKT.