7-0 mís';

7-1 çLrkouk
7-2 mifu"knksa dk ySfVu ,oa vU; vuqokn
7-3 mifu"knksa dk if'peh fopkjksa ij çHkko
7-4 mifu"knksa dk iwohZ fopkjksa ij çHkko
7-5 Hkkjr esa xhrk dk vuqokn
7-6 ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa xhrk dk vuqokn
7-7 baXyS.M esa vuqokn
7-8 Ýkal esa xhrk dk vuqokn
7-9 teZu esa xhrk dk vuqokn
7-10 xhrk dk ik'pkR; fo}kuksa ij çHkko
7-11 lkjka'k
7-12 “kCnkoyh
7-13 dqN mi;ksxh iqLrdsa
7-14 cks/k@vH;kl ç'uksa ds mŸkj

• xhrk vkSj mifu"kn~ dk laf{kIr ifjp; çkIr dj ldsaxsA

• mifu"kn~ 'kCn dk vFkZ ,oa mlds nk'kZfud egRo dks tku ldsaxsA
• mifu"kn~ vkSj xhrk esa fufgr lkaL—frd ewY;ksa dk if'peh ns'kksa ij çHkko dks
tku ldsaxsA
• mifu"kn~ xhrk vkSj if'peh lH;rk ds e/; leku fcUnqvksa dks js[kkafdr dj
ldsaxsA
• mifu"kn~ vkSj xhrk ij ik'pkR; fo}kuksa ds er dks le> ldsaxsA
• mifu"kn~ vkSj xhrk ds vuqoknd Hkkjrh; rFkk ik'pkR; fo}kuksa dk ifjp;
çkIr dj ldsaxsA

Hkkjrh; n'kZu txr~ esa çLFkku=;h ds uke ls çfl) *mifu"kn~* dks vkfne xzUFk ds
:i esa ekU;rk çkIr gS rFkk lokZf/kd egÙ[Link] xzUFk ds :i esa egRo j[krk gSA
osnkUr n'kZu ds rhu Hkkxksa Jqfr] Le`fr rFkk U;k; esa ls Jqfr ds vUrxZr mifu"knksa
dh [Link] dh tkrh gSA mifu"kn lk{kkr~ dke/ksuq gS rFkk Hkxon~xhrk mifu"kn~ :ih 103
 dke/ksuq dk ve`re; iF; gSA xhrk esa fy[kk gS fd "loksZifu"knks xkoks nksX/kk
xksikyuUnu%" vFkkZr~ leLr mifu"kn xkS Lo:i gSa rFkk Xokyksa ds fç; Jh—".k
mudk nksgu djus okys gSaA v/;kRe ç/kku Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa vk/;kfRed Kku ds
çfriknu dk Js; osnkUr vFkkZr~ mifu"knksa dks gh çkIr gS A ekuo thou dk pje
y{; ikjekfFkZd lR; dk Kku çkIr djuk gSA
mifu"kn~ blh dkj.k ç[Link] xzUFk ekus tkrs gSa rFkk blds vUrZxr mifu"kn~
loZçkphu xzUFk ds :i esa ekU;rk çkIr gSA budks osnksa dk vfUre Hkkx ekuk tkrk
gSA vkpk;Z lnkuUn th us osnkUrlkj esa fy[kk gS *osnkUrks uke mifu"kRç[Link]
rnqidkjhf.k 'kkjhjd lw=knhfu p* vFkkZr~ osnkUr 'kCn mifu"kn ds :i esa ç[Link]
ekuk tkrk gS rFkk bldh O;k[;k 'kkjhjd lw=kfn esa dh xbZ gSA mifu"kn~ oLrqr%
Hkkjrh; n'kZu ds ewy vk/kkj gSA
*mi* rFkk *fu* bu nks milxksaZ ds ckn ln~ /kkrq ls fDoi~ çR;; yxkdj mifu"kn~
'kCn fu"iUu gksrk gS A lk/[Link]% bldk vFkZ gksrk gS xq# ds lehi ¼mi½ cSBdj
¼fu"kn~½ çkIr fd;k x;k Kku gSA fQj Hkh ln~ /kkrq ds rhu vFkksaZ ls vk/;kfRed
mRd"kZ okys fuoZpu fd;s x;s gSaA ln~ /kkrq ds rhu vFkZ gSa& fo'kj.k ¼ uk'k½ xfr
¼Kku ;k çkfIr ½ rFkk volknu ¼f'kfFky djuk½ A blhfy, 'kadjkpk;Z us dgk gS
fd *mifu"kk/k;fr lokZuFkZdja lalkja fouk'k;fr] [Link]|ka p
f'kfFky;fr czã p xe;fr* vFkkZr~ lHkh vuFkksaZ dks mRiUu djus okys lalkj ¼ tho
dk ckj&ckj tUe&ej.k gksuk½ dk ;g fouk'k djrh gS] lalkj ds gsrq Lo:i
vfo|k dks f'kfFky djrh gS vkSj czã dh çkfIr ¼voxfr & Kku ½ djkrh gSA
mifu"knksa dk v/;;u ,dkUr esa xq# ds çlkn ls gksrk jgk gS vr% mUgsa
*jgL;fo|k* Hkh dgrs gSaA muesa eq[; :i ls czã] l`f"V] tho] vkRek] çk.k] iqutZUe]
deZ rFkk uSfrdrk dk foospu gSA muesa mins'k dh vusd fof/k;ksa dk ç;ksx feyrk
gSA
'kadjkpk;Z us Hkk"; esa fy[kk FkkA muds fo"k; esa ;g çfl) 'yksd gS&
bZ'k&dsu&dB&ç'u&eq.M&[Link];&frfÙkfj%A
,srjs;a p NkUnksX;a c`gnkj.;da rFkk AA
vFkkZr 'kadjkpk;Z us mifu"knksa dh la[;k eq[;:i ls Č Lohdkj dh gS tks fuEu gSa
ftu ij budk Hkk"; Hkh çkIr gksrk gSA
1½ bZ'kksifu"kn~
2½ dsuksifu"kn~
3½ dBksifu"kn~
4½ ç'uksifu"kn~
5½ [Link]"kn~
6½ [Link];ksifu"kn~
7½ rSfÙkjh;ksifu"kn~
8½ ,srjs;ksifu"kn~
104 9½ NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~
10½ c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~

mifu"knksa ds Qkjlh vuqokn dh [Link] *vkuDosfry Vq iksjks* ¼1731&1805½

uked ,d Qkalhlh egku fo}ku ds gkFkksa esa ml le; çkIr gqbZ ftl le; og
Hkkjr esa Hkze.k djds iwoZ ds /keksaZ dk v/;;u dj jgs FksA mUgksaus vU; [Link];ksa
ls rqyuk djds mu lHkh 52 mifu"knksa dk ySfVu esa ¼ 1801&1802½ esa vuqokn dj
bu xzUFkksa us ;wjksi dk /;ku u dsoy mifu"knksa dh vksj gh ugha cfYd Hkkjr dh
vksj Hkh vk—"V fd;kA
,sfrgkfld egÙo vkSj çHkko dh –f"V ls laL—r mifu"knksa ds lkFk bu ySfVu
[Link] dk Hkh Lej.k djuk gksxkA bl vuqokn ladYi ls leLr if'peh ns'kksa esa
mifu"knksa dk Kku QSy ldkA blds v/;;u ds ckn gh 'kk¡isugkoj mifu"kn~ ds
viwoZ vkjk/kd cu x;s A lkaL—frd lEidZ ds ;'kksxku ds chp bruh xfjeke;
?kVuk vU;= fn[kkbZ ugha iM+sxhA ;g vuqokn viwoZ lEHkkoukvksa ls Hkjs –"VkUr
çLrqr djrs gSaA rhu laL—fr;k¡ ;gk¡ vkfyaxuc) gksdj [kM+h gSA ;g Hkkjr ds
rRoKku dh vkfne lEink dks bLyke ds gkFkksa ;wjksi }kjk okRlY;iwodZ viuk,¡
tkus ds lkaL—frd lekxe dk vykSfdd –"VkUr gSA [Link]"kn~ ds fo[;kr
eU= czãfon czãSo Hkofr ¼ 3-29½ dk vuqokn djds bls mifu"kn ds çLrkouk
okD; ds :i esa j[kk x;k gSA
bu ySfVu vuqokn ds [Link]&ikBdksa dk fopkj gS fd bldk ,sfrgkfld egÙo
pkgs fdruk Hkh D;ksa u gksa fdUrq ,d vuqokn ds :i lEHko ugha gSA Qkjlh vuqokn
dkQh LorU= gS A fdUrq bl ySfVu dks rks i<+uk Hkh dfBu dk;Z gSA iky M‚;lu
dk fopkj gS fd 'kk̆isugkoj bl vuqokn dks v/;;u dj mifu"knksa dh mTtoyrk
ls voxr gks x, Fks rks ;g mudh vUr–Zf"V dh efgek ls gh gqvk gksxkA ,slk gksus
ds ckotwn ;wjksi ds mRlqd ikBdksa us bldk v/;;u fd;k gksxkA blds ek/;e ls
;wjksi esa ,d mifu"kn~ ;qx dk mn~Hko gks x;k FkkA ;g tks dqN lEHko gqvk mldk
lkjk Js; mifu"knksa dks gh nsuk iM+sxkA ;fn —fr bruh egÙ[Link] u gksrh rks uhjl
vuqokn gksrs gq, Hkh mls bruk vknj ugha feyrkA bl vuqokn J`a[kyk py iM+hA
lkekU; #i ls vuqokn ds vuqokn dk vuqokn ugha gksrkA vaxzsth vuqoknd *jkcVZ
,usZLV áwe* Hkh bl ckr ls cM+s vk'p;Z pfdr Fks vkSj mUgksaus dgk fd bl rjhds
ls ,d vk/;kfRed —fr dk mÙkjksÙkj rhljk vuqokn u rks dHkh gqvk vkSj u dHkh
gksxk fcfCy;ksFksdk bafMdk uked ¼Bibliotheca Indica½ uked fo'ofo[;kr
xzUFkkoyh esa jksoV ¼ 1805& 66 ½ uke ds ,d teZu fo}ku us rSÙkjh;] ,srjs;]
'osrk'orj] dsu] bZ'k] dB] ç'u] [Link]; vkfn mifu"knksa dk vuqokn 1853 esa
fd;kA blds vfrfjä Hkh çfl) teZu fo}ku eSDlewyj ds vuqokn Þfo'o ikSjLR;
xzUFkkoyh ¼Sacred books of the East½ ds çFke [k.M 1879 bZå vkSj iUægosa [k.M
¼1884½ esa vk;s gSaA ;|fi og ,d [;kfr çkIr fo}ku~ Fks fQj Hkh muds vuqokn dks
bruk vPNk ugha dgk tk ldrkA
eSDlewyj mifu"knksa ds vuqokn dh lHkh dfBukb;ksa ls ifjfpr FksA mUgksaus Li"V
'kCnksa esa dgk Fkk fd mifu"knksa dk vuqokn vlEHko FkkA bu dfe;ksa vkSj dfBukb;ksa
ds gksrs gq, Hkh ;g xzUFkekyk mifu"knksa dks fo'oLrj ij çfrf"Br djus esa lQy
jgh gSA 105
 i‚y Mk;lu us mifu"knksa dk n'kZu ¼ Philosophy of Upanishads½ uked vf}rh;
xzUFk ds tfj, mifu"knksa dks lexz vkSj lkaxksikax v/;;u fo'o ds lkeus çLrqr
fd;k FkkA mUgksaus mifu"knksa dk ç[Link] vkSj oSKkfud vuqokn Hkh çnku fd;k
FkkA ;g vuqokn Kku dh xgurk vkSj fo'kkyrk ds dkj.k mifu"knksa dh xfjek ds
lokZf/kd vuq:i gSA ;g xzUFk ik'pkR; dykdkjksa] fopkjdksa rFkk ys[kdksa ds eu dks
mifu"knksa dh vksj mUeq[k dj ldkA mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd mifu"knksa ds Hkhrj tks
nk'kZfud dYiuk gS] og Hkkjr esa rks vf}rh; gS gh lEHkor% [Link] fo'o ds fy,
Hkh vrqyuh; gS&"Philosophical conceptions unequalled in India or perhaps
anywhere else in the world"

c`gnkj.;d ds ndkj =; ds mn~cks/ku ds ckjs esa eSDlewyj1884 bZ- ls igys gh

fy[k pqds Fks fdUrq bfy;V us viuh vykSfdd dfork *Ålj Hkwfe* ds fojke[k.M
dks fopkj dks [Link]; cukus ds fy, ml Hkko dks eSDlewyj ls ugha] Mk;lu dh
Kkudks'k ls <w¡<+ fudkyk FkkAi<+s&fy[ks yksxksa ds fy, loZçFke vaxzsth vuqoknd
jkcVZ ,usZLV áwe ds çeq[k rsjg mifu"kn~ ¼The Thirteen principal Upanishads.
1921½ gSA vuqokn esa mi;ksx fd;k x;k çR;sd 'kCn tk¡p ij[k dj j[kk x;kA
bl vuqokn esa lHkh txg vuqoknd dh cqf)eÙkk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA ftls
if'peh fo}kuksa dh Lo;a dks Js"B ekuus okyh cqf) ;k Hkkjrh;ksa dh jk"Vªçse dh –<
bPNk Hkh çHkkfor ugha dj ldrh gSA
mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds teZu&Hkkjrh; fo}kuksa esa mifu"knksa dk vuqokn djds Vhdk
lfgr çdkf'kr fd;k gS&
1½ vkVks oksu oksVfyad us 1815&1904 esa dB] ç'u vkfn mifu"knksa dk vuqokn
djds Vhdk lfgr fyiftax ls çdkf'kr fd;k gSA
2½ pkyZ~l tkuLVu us 1896 esa dB] ç'u] NkUnksX; vkfn dk vuqokn Mcfyu ls
çdkf'kr fd;k FkkA blds çkDdFku esa mifu"knksa ds ckjs esa dbZ vkReh;[Link]
mYys[k gSA
3½ thåvkjå,lå ehM+ rFkk txnh'k pUæ pêksik/;k; ds la;qä ç;kl ls
fFk;kslksfQdy lkslk;Vh ¼czãfo|k½ ds rRoko/kku esa 1896 esa dbZ [[Link] okyk
,d ladyu yUnu ls çdkf'kr fd;k x;k FkkA blesa ukS mifu"kn~ 'kkfey FksA
bUgksaus mifu"kn~ dh Hkwfedk esa fy[kk gS fd mifu"kn~ fo'o/keZ xzUFk ¼world
Scripture½ gSa vkSj lkjs oxksaZ vkSj lHkh ;qxksa esa lHkh /keZ vkSj lR; dks ekuus
okyksa dks vk—"V djrs jgs gSaA
blds vfrfjä dsuksifu"kn~ dk vaxzsth vuqokn fgfj;Uuk vkSj ojnkpk;Z us
fd;kA fgfj;Uuk us c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~ dk Hkh vuqokn fd;k A eS=s;ksifu"kn~
dk bZåohå dksosy us] rSÙkjh;ksifu"kn~ dk egknso 'kkL=h us] NkUnksX; mifu"kn~
dk xaxkukFk >k us] oS".koksifu"kn~ dk Vhåvkjå Jh fuokl v;axj us vaxzsth
vuqokn fd;kA mifu"knksa ds vuqokn cgqr cM+h la[;k esa fd;s x;s gSaA

106
1½ mifu"knksa ds vuqoknksa dk xgjk vlj 'kksius g‚oj ij gqvkA 'kksisug‚oj dh est
ij mifu"knksa dh ,d ySfVu çfr jgrh Fkh vkSj os lksus ls igys mlesa ls gh
viuh çkFkZuk,¡ fd;k djrs FksA mifu"knksa ds lUnHkZ esa 'kksiusgkoj ds fopkj gSa
fd &"mifu"knksa ds çR;sd okD; esa ls xgu] ekSfyd vkSj mnkÙk fopkj
fudyrs gSa vkSj lHkh dqN ,d mPp] ifo= vkSj ,dkxz Hkkouk ls O;kIr gks
tkrk gS A leLr lalkj esa mifu"knksa tSlk dY;[Link] vkSj vkRek dks mUur
djus okykdksbZ vkSj xzUFk ugha gSA ;s loksZPp çfrHkk ds çrhd gSaA nsj&losj esa
;s yksxksa dh vkLFkk dk vk/kkj cudj jgsaxsA mifu"kn~ esa loZ= fdruh lqUnjrk
ds lkFk osnksa ds Hkko çdkf'kr gSa] tks dksbZ Hkh mä Qkjlh ySfVu vuqokn dk
/;ku nsdj v/;;u djds mifu"kn~ dh vuqie Hkko/kkjk ls ifjfpr gksxk] mlh
dh vkRek ds xEHkhjre çns'k esa ,d gypy ep tk;sxhA ,d&,d iafä
fdruh –<+] Li"V vFkZ çdV dj jgh gS A [Link] xzUFk dSls mPp] ifo= rFkk
,sdkfUrd Hkkoksa ls vksr&çksr gSA lkjs [Link] esa ewy mifu"kn~ ds leku bruk
QyksRiknd vkSj mPp HkkoksRiknd xzUFk dgha Hkh ugha gSA blus eq>dks thou esa
'kkfUr çnku dh gS vkSj ejus ij Hkh ;g 'kkfUr nsxkA"

2½ ik'pkR; fo}ku eSDlewyj ds vuqlkj Þ;fn 'kksius gkoj ds bu mifu"kn~

lEcU/kh 'kCnksa ds fy, fdlh leFkZu dh vko';drk gS rks eSa vius thou Hkj
ds v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij çlUurkiwoZd viuk leFkZu nw¡xkAß mUgksaus viuh
iqLrd " India what can it teach us" esa fy[kk **fd e`R;q ds Hk; ls cpus ds
fy, iwjh 'kfä ls rS;kjh djus vkSj lR; dks tkuus ds bPNqd ftKklq ds fy,
mifu"knksa ds vfrfjä vkSj dksbZ Js"B ekxZ esjh –f"V esa ugha gSA mifu"knksa ds
Kku ls eq>s vius thou ds mRd"kZ esa Hkkjh lgk;rk feyh gSA eSa mudk _.kh
gw¡A ;s mifu"knsa vkfRed mUufr ds fy, fo'o ds /kkfeZd lkfgR; esa vR;Ur
lEekukLin jgh gS vkSj vkxs lnk jgsaxhA ;g Kku euhf"k;ksa dh egku çKk dk
[Link] gSA ,d u ,d fnu Hkkjr dh ;g Js"B fo|k ;wjksi esa çdkf'kr gksxh
rc gekjs Kku ,oa fopkjksa esa egku ifjorZu mifLFkr gksxkA**
3½ ‘ogmas of Bhuddism' uked xzUFk ds ys[kd Mhå áwe us fy[kk gS fd
lqdjkr] vjLrw] vQokowu vkfn fdrus nk'kZfudksa dsxzUFk eSaus /;kuiwoZd i<+s gSa]
ij tSlh 'kkfUre;h vkRefo|k eSaus mifu"knksa esa ik;h oSlh vkSj dgha vuqHko
ugha dhA
[Link] ds vuqlkj mifu"knksa ds jgL;e;h fl)kUrksa dh ,d fopkj/kkjk ds
fpà Qkjlh] lwQh/keZ ds jgL;okn esa] uoIysVksokfn;ksa vkSj fldUnfj;k ds
bZlkbZ jgL;okfn;ksa] ,dgkVZ vkSj ;ysj ds xqgk czãfo|k lEcU/kh yksxl
fl)kUr esa vkSj vUr esa mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds egku~ teZu jgL;oknh
'kksius gkoj ds n'kZu esa [kksts tk ldrs gSaA

mifu"knksa dks le>us ds fy, buds _f"k;ksa ds –f"Vdks.k dks le>uk vko';d gSA
Lokeh foosdkuUn us dgk gS fd Þmifu"knksa dk v/;;u djus ij muds us=ksa ls 107
 vJq/kkjk çokfgr gksus yxrh gSAmifu"kn~ 'kfä dk ewy gS A mlesa çokfgr 'kfä ls
cy] 'kkS;Z rFkk uo thou dk lapkj gksrk gSA buds lUns'k ls O;fä LokfJr gksdj
HkocU/kuksa ls eqä gksus dk ç;kl djrk gSA 'kkjhfjd] ekufld rFkk vk/;kfRed
mUeqärk dk ç;kl rFkk vkReksUufr mifu"knksa dk ewy eU= gSA Lokeh foosdkuUn
ds vuqlkj mifu"kn~ Kku dh vko';drk dsoy czã çkfIr ds fy, gh ugha vfirq
nSfud thou ds fy, Hkh mi;ksxh gSA mifu"knksa ls og 'kfä çkIr gksrh gS] ftlds
}kjk ekuo thou laxzke dk /kS;Z rFkk lkgliwoZd lkeuk dj ldrk gSA thou ds
vk/;kfRed rFkk HkkSfrd mHk; {ks= esa mifu"knksa dh vko';drk gSA
fo'odfo jfoUæ ukFk VSxksj ds vuqlkj **p{kq lEiUu O;fä ns[ksaxs fd Hkkjr dk
czãKku [Link] i`Foh dk /keZ cuus yxk gSA çkr%dkyhu lw;Z dh v#[Link] [Link] ls
iwoZ fn'kk vkyksfdr gksus yxh gS] ijUrq tc og lw;Z e/;kà xxu esa çdkf'kr gksxk]
rc ml le; mldh nhfIr ls leLr [Link] nhfIre; gks mBsxkA**
M‚å loZiYyh jk/kk—".ku~ us viuh iqLrd ^^mifu"knksa dk lUns'k** esa fy[kk gS fd
Þmifu"knksa dks tks Hkh ewy laL—r esa i<+rk gS] og ekuo vkRek rFkk ije lR; ds
xqgk rFkk ifo= lEcU/kksa dks mtkxj djus okys rFkk muds cgqr ls mn~xkjksa ds
mRd"kZ dkO; vkSj çcy lEeksgu ls eqX/k gks tkrk gS vkSj mlesa cgus yxrk gSA**
vkpk;Z fcuksok Hkkos us viuh iqLrd *mifu"kn~ ,d v/;;u* esa fy[kk gS fd
Þmifu"knksa dh efgek vusd fnO;kRekvksa us xk;h gS A dfo us dgk gS fd fgeky;
tSlk ioZr ugha rFkk mifu"knksa tSlh dksbZ iqLrd gS gh ugha og rks ,d n'kZu gSA**
bl çdkj mifu"knksa ds vkd"kZ.k esa vf}rh; fofo/krk ds n'kZu gksrs gSaA /kkfeZd
[kkst dh O;kdqyrk rFkk rRijrk buesa fn[kk;h nsrh gSA buds fopkjdksa ds }kjk
[Link] fo"k;ksa esa vkn'kZokfnrk] nk'kZfudrk rFkk lR; ds vuojr vUos"k.k dh
ykylk fn[kk;h nsrh gSA mifu"knksa ds fopkjksa ds }kjk cká vkd"[Link] ls Åij mBus
dh ç[Link] çkIr gksrh gSA blesa [Link] 'kk'or lR; Kku rFkk vkfRed 'kfä ls
vUr–Zf"V rFkk vkUrfjd cy çkIr gksrk gS] ftlesa uo ÅtkZ dk lapkj gksrk gS A
mifu"kn~] O;ofLFkr fpUru ls vf/kd vkfRed çdk'k ds lk/ku çrhr gksrs gSaA buds
}kjk fofo/k çdkj ds vkfRed vuqHko dk lalkj mn~?kkfVr gqvk gSA buds }kjk
O;ä fd;s x;s lR; dh iqf"V dsoy rdZ cqf) ds }kjk gh ugha vfirq LokuqHkwfr ls
gksrh gS A budk mís'; O;kogkfjd gSA

Jhen~Hkkxon~xhrk dks çLFkku=;h ds vUrxZr ekuk x;k gSA xhrk mifu"kn~ vkSj
czãlw= rhuksa xzUFk çLFkku=;h ds vuZ~rxr [Link] gSaA buds ek/;e ls vkRerÙo
ds çR;{khdj.k ,oa euq"; dks vkRek ls lk{kkRdkj djk;k tkrk gSA
Jhen~Hkkxon~xhrk Jh—".k}Sik;u osnO;kl—r egkHkkjr ds Hkh"eioZ dk iPphlosa
v/;k; ls c;kyhlosa v/;k; rd dk laxzg xzUFk gSA bl çdkj bl —fr ds
jpf;rk Jh osnO;kl th gSA blds fo"k; esa Hkh Li"VksYys[k gS fd&
xhrk lqxhrk drZ~rO;k fdeU;S% 'kkL=foLrjS%A
;k Lo;a in~eukHkL; eq[kin~ekf}fu%l`rk AA

108
vf}rh; ,d ijekRek Jh—".k dk opuke`r Jhen~Hkkxon~xhrk Hkh vf}rh; xzUFk ds
:i esa fu:fir gSa&
,da 'kkL=a nsodh iq= xhr&
esdks nsoks nsodhiq= ,o
,dks eU=LR;L; ukekfu ;kfu
dekZI;sda rL; nsoL; lsokAA
uouoksUes"k çKk lefUork lfpUru [Link] ,oa çfr{k.k uohurk ds lfPpnkuan :i
ls lk{kkRdkj djkrh gqbZ ;g ijejE;k ;k [Link];rk dk lq:i gSA
bl ds fy, ;g lwfä lkFkZd gS&
**{[Link] {[Link] ;UuorkeqiSfr rnSo :ia [Link];rk;k%A** ¼ek?kdfo½
1935 ls ysdj 1941 rd nks çdkj ds vuqokn lkeus vk;sA mUgksaus çeq[k Hkkjrh;
vkSj if'peh fo}kuksa dks ,d lkFk ,df=r djus dk ç;kl fd;kA ftls iwoZ dh
vk/;kfRed ç[Link] vkSj Hkxon~xhrk dh lkoZHkkSfed çklafxdrk dks dk;e j[kus
esa cgqr egÙ[Link] ekuk tkrk gSA ;s nksuksa çdkj ds vuqokn çrhdkRed FksA ;s laL—
r ls lh/ks ;wjksih; Hkk"kk esa vuqfnr gksus ds dkj.k eq[; :i ls tkus x;s ikB gksus
dh çfr"Bk vftZr dh vkSj bUgksaus xhrk dh vksj ;wjksi vkSj vU; {ks=ksa esa /;ku
vkdZf"kr fd;kA
bu çkjfEHkd vaxzsth vuqoknksa dh ,d fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd bUgksaus xhrk dks fgUnw
/keZ ds Hkhrj mPp vewrZ nk'kZfud fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fä ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k] tks
blds fupys] yksdfç; va/kfo'[Link] :i ls feyh FkhA blds lkFk gh fofYdUl ds
vuqokn ds çdk'ku ds ,d lky ckn lj ,Mfou vukZYM us xhrk dks fjä dfork
“The song celestial’’ ds :i esa 1885 bZå vuqfnr fd;kA blus xhrk ds lcls
egÙ[Link] vkSj lcls O;kid :i esa i<+us okys laLdj.k ds :i esa çflf) gkfly
dhA bUgksus gh xk¡/kh th dks thou Hkj xhrk i<+us ds fy, çsfjr fd;kA

Hkkjr esa vuqokn djus okys fo}kuksa ds fy, Hkxon~xhrk ,d ifo= iqLrd gSA
D;ksafd mudk ;g fo'okl Fkk fd xhrk vHkh Hkh thoar :i ls thfor gS vkSj fuR;
uohu Kku ls [kqn dks iqutZUe djrh jgsxhA xhrk dk vuqokn djuk vkSj
vkUrfjd vFkZ dh O;k[;k djuk ,oa lkFk gh Hkkjrh;ksa dks f'kf{kr djus dk Hkh ,d
dk;Z gSa; vkSj lR; dks QSykus ds fy, ,d drZO; ds :i esa Fkk A ;g xhrk dks
,d lkoZHkkSfed lans'k ds :i esa çLrqr djus dk ç;kl Hkh Fkk vkSj fgUnw /keZ
dk vU; dBksj /kkfeZd /keksaZ ds foijhr thou ds ,d [kqys var–f"Vdks.k ds :i esa
FkkA
vuqokn esa yxs Hkkjrh;ksa dh cgqr cM+h la[;k us Hkxon~xhrk dks loksZPp fgUnw
nk'kZfud fopkjksa ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa çLrqr fd;kA mnkgj.k Lo:i
fr#oyqelqOokjks dh iqLrd "Discourse on the Bhagavad gita’’ ¼1888½ vkSj R.
Shivshankar Pandiyaji's dk vuqokn Bhagavad gita sara Bodhini or the
Essential Teaching of the Bhagavad gita ¼1897½ esa vfuok;Z ,oa vko';d f'k{k.k
109
 ij vius n'kZu dk v/;;u djus gsrq rFkk Nk=ksa dh enn djus ds fy, fd;k x;k
FkkA
20oha lnh ds çkjEHk esa Hkkjrh;ksa us fo'ks"k :i ls jk"Vªokfn;ksa us vkSifuosf'kd Hkkjr
ds chp xhrk dks mHkjrs gq, Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; lnkpkjksads dsUæh; dk;Z ds :i esa
c<+kok fn;kA muds vuqlkj u;k ;q){ks= fczfV'k jkT; dk Fkk tks lesfdr
lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd dk;Zokgh ds fy, [kqyk jgk Fkk tcfd bl rjg dh
dk;Zokgh dk :i cgl dk fo"k; **fgalk cuke vfgalk** Fkk A
xhrk çsl xksj[kiqj us chloh 'krkCnh dh 'kq:vkr ds chp xhrk ds lans'k dks
QSykus dk egku dk;Z fd;k A
dk'khukFk R;aZcd rsyax vkSj xhrk
xhrk dks vaxzsth esa vuqfnr djus okys çFke Hkkjrh; *dk'khukFk R;aZcd rsyax*
¼1858&1893½ Fks] tks ,d laL—r fo}ku~ baMksykftLV vkSj ckEcs gkbZdksVZ esa
U;k;k/kh'k FksA bUgksaus çFke ckj 1875 esa xhrk dks vuqfnr dj i| :i esa çdkf'kr
fd;kA bls ckn esa 1882 esa x|&vuwfnr [k.M ds :i esa lkeus vk;k A
eSDlewyj }kjk laikfnr *n lhØsV cqDl v‚Q n bZLV* ds 8osa okY;we ls 8 dk
'kh"kZd " The Bhagavadgita with the Sanatsugatiya and the Anugita" tks fd
1882 esa *n DysjsaMu çsl vkDlQksMZ* ls çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA
rsyax ds xhrk ds vuqfnr [kaM esa *lukRlqtkfr vkSj vuqxhrk* ds vuqfnr Hkkx Hkh
'kkfey gSA luRlqtkrh; egkHkkjr ds m|ksx ioZ esa _f"k;ksa lur lqtkrk }kjk va/ks
jktk /k`rjk"Vª dks i<+kus ds :i esa çdV gksrk gSA ;g ,d nk'kZfud lkfgR; gS]
ftldh jpuk ik¡p v/;k;ksa esa vFkkZr~ ¼v/;k; 41&46 ½ esa dh xbZ gSA
vuqxhrk &vuqxhrk dk vFkZ gS xhrk dk vuqlj.k djus okyhA egkHkkjr ds v'oes/k
ioZ esa Hkxon~xhrk dh vxyh dM+h ds :i fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;g fQj ls —".k vkSj
vtqZu ds chp lEokn gSA ;g lEokn bUæçLFk esa [Link] ds egy esa gksrk gS]
D;ksafd —".k dq:{ks= ds ;q) esa viuh thr ds ckn [Link] dks gfLrkukiqj ds jkT;
dks fnykus djus esa enn djus ds ckn }kjdk okil vk, FksA dk'khukFk R;aZcd
rsyax eSDlewyj }kjk laikfnr ÞThe secred Book of the eastß uked ifo= iqLrd
ds okY;we esa ;ksxnku djus okys nks fo}kuksa esa 'kkfey FksA ,d Lo;a Fks rks nwljs
vkjå thå [Link] FksA fo}rk vkSj fofo/krk dh –f"V ls rsyax dh xhrk vuqokn
dks Hkkjr esa vf/kd yksdfç;rk feyh fdUrq bls baXyS.M esa xEHkhj :i ls [;kfr
ugha feyhA
rsyax ds ckjs esa ,Mfou vukZYM us xhrk ds vius vuqokn ifjp; esa fy[kk gS fd
"Mr- Telang has also published at Bombay a version in colloqulal rhythm]
eminently learned and intelligent] but not conveying the dignity or grace of
the original" vFkkZr~ buds dgus dk vk'k; ;g Fkk fd xhrk dk vke cksypky dh
y; esa ,d laLdj.k çdkf'kr fd;k tks O;kid :i ls çpfyr vkSj fo}[Link] gS
ysfdu ;g ewy dh xfjek dks O;ä ugha djrk gSA

110
xhrk ds çeq[k fopkjksa ij ,d fo}[Link] xw<+ [Link] fFk;kslksfQLV nsrs gSaA eksfguh
eksgu pVthZ ¼1858&1936½ esa caxky fFk;kslksfQdy lkslk;Vh vkSj fFk;kslksfQdy
ewoesaV ds [Link] lnL; FksA bUgksaus xhrk dk vuqokn ‘Bhagavad Gita or the
Lord's Lay' 1887 esa fd;kA fofy;e Doku tt us vius fuca/kksa esa xhrk ¼1890½ esa
egkHkkjr dh iwjh rjg ls ,d rjQk O;k[;k çLrqr dhA

Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk ds çfr{k.k uo Lo:i ls çHkkfor ns'kfons'k ds çfrHkk lEiUu

vusd euh"kh fo}kuksa us bl XkzUFk dk xgu fpUru&euu ,oa vuqokn fd;k vkSj
blds eUFku ls fu%l`r uouhr:i lf}pkjksa ls yksd dk ifjp; djkus dk
lnqi;ksx dj vius thou dh lkFkZdrk dks çdV fd;kA
Hkxon~xhrk dk loZçFke vaxzsth vkSj ;wjksih; Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn 18oha 'krkCnh ds
mÙkjknZ~/k ds i'pkr~ ,f'k;k esa çlkj djrs gq, if'peh fo}kuksa dk /;ku vkdf"kZr
fd;kA ;g fo}kuksa ds lkFk&lkFk lkekU; turk dk Hkh /;ku viuh vksj vk—"V
djrs gq, vusd O;k[;kvksa dks tUe fn;kA

1785 esa xhrk dk vuqokn ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdh ns'kksa esa loZ= QSy x;k vkSj yksxksa
dks ljyrk ls u;s&u;s vuqokn miyC/k gksus yxsA Hkxon~xhrk dk foLrkj gksus
ij ml le; bls vFkksZ vkSj Hkkoksa ds lkFk foLrkfjr fd;kA
Hkxon~xhrk dk O;kid çpkj gks tkus ij bldks çklafxdrk ds lkFk le`) fd;k
x;k rFkk xhrk ds çklafxd igyqvksa dks lkeus yk;k x;kA ftlls blds u;s
Jksrkvksa vkSj fofHkUu ftKklkvksa dk lek/kku gqvkA Hkxon~xhrk ds vuqokn dk
jkspd bfrgkl gSA
Jh fe'kdk flUgk us vius 'kks/ki= " A History of the Gita’s Translational
Reception 1785-1945" esa cgqr gh ;ksX;[Link] lw{e cqf) ls xhrk ds vuqokn vkSj
O;k[;k dks 18oha 'krkCnh ds ckn j[kkA
og vius 'kks/ki= dh Hkwfedk esa fy[krh gS fd – ‘The Gita as a received and
Translated teat was significantly altered (during this period) in certain
specific ways which contines to influence its present understanding both in
the west and in India-

1- pkyZ~l fofYdUl vkSj xhrk

pkyZ~l fofYdUl us Qkjlh vkSj caxkyh Hkk"kk lh[kh vkSj 'kh?kz gh Qkjlh vkSj
caxkyh dEiuh ds vf/kdkfjd vuqoknd ds :i esa fu;qä gks x;sA mlus
caxkyh fyfi esa VkbilsV dks fMtkbu djus dk ç;kl fd;kA bUgksaus 1784 esa
,d ef.k [Link] vkSj fo'ks"k yksgkj] iapkuk deZdkj dh lgk;rk ls bls iwjh
dhA pkyZ~l fofYdUl ds }kjk Hkxon~xhrk ds vuqokn dks igyh ckj uoEcj
1784 esa dydrk ,f'k;kbZ lkslk;Vh ds vuqikyu esa yk;k x;k vkSj ckn esa
111
 1785 esa blds yUnu ls çdkf'kr fd;k x;k&
Bhagvat Gita or Dialogues of krishna and Arjoon; in eighteen lectures;
with notes; Translated from the origin in Sanskrit, or the ancient
language of the Brahmans (London: C- Novrre, 1785)

blds i'pkr~ 1809 esa fofYdUl dk vuqokn dqN lq/kkj djds la'kksf/kr
[Link] es Øe'k% 1849] 1985] 1959 vkSj 1970 esa çkIr gqvkA viuh
çLrkouk esa fofYdUl us Lo;a fy[kk dh esjs xhrk dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn djus
dk ,dek= mís'; ;g Fkk fd&
"To Incourage a form of monotheist Unitarianisms and draw Hinduesm
away from the polytheism ascribed to the vedas-""

2- gsujh MsfofM Fkksjks vkSj xhrk

1846 esa gsujh MsfofM Fkksjks us 'Walde Pond' uked iqLrd esa fy[kk Fkk fd
"Bathing his intellectule in the stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy
of the Bhagvadgita-"

3- tku Msfol vkSj xhrk

j‚;y ,fl;kfVd lkslk;Vh ds lnL; ds :i esa dSfEczt fQyksykftdy
lkslk;Vh ds lnL; t‚u Msfol us fons'kh fQyksykftdy ykbczsjh }kjk
Hkxon~xhrk dk vaxzsth x| vuqokn fd;k x;kA ftls Qkjsu lkbdks ykftdy
ykbczsjh] yanu] dsxu i‚y i‚y Vªap
s ] nqcsuj ,.M dEiuh ls 1882 esa laL—r
nk'kZfud dfork ds :i esa foLr`r 'kh"kZd "Hindu Philosophy The Bhagavad
gita or the sacred Lay" ds uke ls çdkf'kr fd;kA

Msfol us 'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa bl [Link] laokn ds LFkku ij çdk'k

Mkyk vkSj fQj ;g tkapk fd dSls ;g fofo/k jpukvksa vkSj lUnHkksaZ esa çklafxd
jgk gSA og —".k ds fnO; pfj= ds vklikl dh e/;;qxhu Hkfä ijEijkvksa
dks ns[krk gS vkSj crkrk gS fd xhrk Hkkjr ls if'pe dh ;k=k dSls djuh gS]
tgk¡ ls jkYQ okYMks belZu] gsujh MsfoM Fkksjks] tså j‚cVZ vksius gkbuj vkSj
,YMl gDlys tSls O;fä;ksa vkSj ç'kald ls feysA Msfol us ;g irk yxk;k
fd egkRekxk¡/kh vkSj Lokeh foosdkuUn tSls Hkkjrh; jk"Vªokfn;ksa us vkSifuosf'kd
'kklu ds f[kykQ viuh yM+kbZ esa xhrk dk mi;ksx dSls fd;k vkSj ledkyhu
O;k[;kdkj vkt dSls n'kZdksa ds fy, bl 'kkL=h; dk;Z dks djrs gSaA
4- ,Mfou vukZYM ,oa mudh xhrk
,Mfou vukZYM us xhrk dk vuqokn ¼The song celestual½ ds uke ls fd;k
rFkk çLrkouk esa Msfol ds x| çfrfyfi dh ç'kalk dhA rFkk viuh fu"Bk
vkSj Li"Vrk ds fy, ç'kalk ds ijs Msfol ds vuqokn dk vuqHkkod Hkh fd;k
gSA
5- tså dkdcuZ vkSj xhrk
Msfol ds xhrk ds vuqokn dk 1885 esa laL—r cksMZ ,på ,på foYlu ds Nk=
¼J- Cockburn Thomson) }kjk vuqlj.k fd;k x;k tks v‚DlQksMZ esa xhrk ds
112
 ewy laL—r ikB ls lalksf/kr vuqokn dk mRiknu gS – “The gita or a
Discourse between krishna Arjuna on Divine matters (a sanskrit
philosophical poem translated with copious notes) an introduction to
sanskrit philosophy and other matters " ftls 'Staphen Aurtin Hertjord'
ds }kjk 1835 esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA
Fkkelu ds vuqlkj fofYdUl dk vuqokn “For from giving a clcar idea of
the work and stile less of its philosophyß dks Qywf'kax U;w;kdZ ls çdkf'kr
fd;kA
6- pkyZ~l tkuLVu vkSj xhrk
caxky esa ,d lsokfuo`Ùk vaxzsth flfoy lsod ,oa ,d laL—r fo}ku pkyZ~l
tkuLVu us Hkxon~xhrk dk vuqokn "The Bhagavad gita the song of the
mastur” ds uke ls 1908 esa prqFkZ laLdj.k dk vaxzsth vuqokn fd;kA 1908
esa bUgksaus viuh yEch çLrkouk esa çkphu Kku ds ckjs esa dgk gS fd – “The
Bhagavad gita is one of the noblest resiptores of India, one of the deepest
scriptures of the world a symbolic scripture, with many meanings,
containing many truths (that) forms the living heart of the eastern
wisdom.

7- Lokeh çHkokuan vkSj xhrk

1944 esa xhrk dk vuqokn Lokeh çHkokuan us fd;kA Lokeh çHkokuan Jh jke—
".k vkJe dk ,d fHk{kq Fkk tks 1923 esa la;qä jkT; vesfjdk x;kA 'kq: esa
og lsuÝkaflLdksa ds osnkar lkslk;Vh ls tqM+kA nks o"kZ ds ckn blus ikSVZyS.M
esa osnkUr lkslk;Vh dh LFkkiuk dhA fnlEcj 1929 esa og Rokabl ,ftYl pyk
x;k tgk¡ mUgksaus 1930 esa nf{[Link] dSyQksfuZ;k esa osnkUr lkslk;Vh dh LFkkiuk
dh ftlus vkxs pydj ,d cgqr gh çHkko'kkyh laxBu ds :i esa çflf)
ik;hA Lokeh çHkokuUn ,d mPp Lrj ds fo}ku Fks ftUgksaus osnkUr vkSj vU;
Hkkjrh; n'kZu ij fVIif.k;k¡ fy[khA bUgksaus ,MDl gDlys] tsjk.M gsMZ]
ÝsMfjd eSupsVj vkSj fdLVksQj b'koj oqM tSls dbZ fo}kuksa dk /;ku vkdZf"kr
fd;kA
Lokeh çHkokuan }kjk fy[kh xbZ dbZ iqLrdksa esa ls Hkxon~xhrk dk vuqokn
fdLVksQj b'koj oqM ds lg;ksx ls 1944 esa “The song of God : Bhagavad
& Gita” ds uke ls “M- Rodd Co- " Hollywood” ls çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA
blesa ,MYl gDlys }kjk Hkwfedk fy[kh xbZA **n Vkbe eSxthu 1945 esa viuh
leh{kk esa bl vuqokn dks ,d fof'k"V lkfgfR;d dk;Z ds #i esa ç'kalk dh
tks vU; vaxzsth vuqoknksa dh rqyuk esa ljy FkkA
8- ,dukFk bZ'oju vkSj xhrk
"The Bhagavad Gita ¼classics of Indian spirituality½ By Eknath
Easwaran: The Blue mountaion center of meditation 1985-

‘Bhagvada gita : The song of god, writteen by swami Pra Bhavanand &
christofar Introduced by Aduld huxaly Huxlly published by vedanta
113
 press U-S-A Hollywood M- Rodd-co-1944.

9- tså ,ohå cqbVsu }kjk vuqokfnr ,oa tsEl ,y fQVtjxkYM }kjk lEikfnr
,oa xhrk]“The Bhagavadgita in the Mahabharata : A Bilingual Edition
Translated by J-A- B- Van Buitcenen- Edited by James L- Fitzerald. The
university Chicago Press, Chicogo, 1981'.

1- thu Msfol ykatqukbl vkSj xhrk

xhrk dk ,d Ýkalhlh vuqokn laL—r ls thu Msful ykatqukbl }kjk 1832
bZå esa fd;k x;k vkSj bldks ckn esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA vkSj mUgksaus bafxr
fd;k fd ;g ,d egku vk'p;Z dk fo"k; gS tks fd Hkkjr ds çkphu
egkdkO;ksa esa ls ,d gSA ;g iwjh rjg ls vk/;kfRed losZ'ojokn dk leFkZu
djrk gSA 1861 esa ,feys yqbl oukSQ }kjk “La Bhagavad Gita, On lechant
du Bienheureux, Pocime Indin-" ds uke ls Qkalhlh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn vkSj
,d xzhd vuqokn MªseksfV;l xSuk yksl ¼Demeturious Bodanos½ }kjk 1848
bZå esa bls [Link] çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA
2- vCcs ijkans vkSj xhrk
pkyZ~l fofYdUl ds vuqokn dk Ýkalhlh vuqokn Ýkalhlh fo}ku vCcs ijkans
&'Abbe Parrand' }kjk 1787 esa ¼ Le-Bhaguat Geeta on Dialogues de
krishna and Arjoon…..½ esa fd;k x;kA ftldk vuqlj.k djrs gq, :lh
fo}ku~ fudksys bokukschp uksfodkso }kjk :lh 1787 esa fd;k x;k ftlus
dkmaV fy;ks VkyLVk; dks çsfjr fd;k vkSj lHkh teZu vuqokn 1802 esa
ÝsMfjd oku etj }kjk ¼Der Bhagavat gita, oder Gesprache Zwischen
krishna and Arjoon½ ds uke ls fd;k x;kA

1- 'ysxy cU/kq vkSj xhrk

ÝsMfjd 'ysxy ftUgs dkyZ foYgse ÝsMfjd Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;s teZu dfo
nk'kZfud vkSj baMksykftLV ds :i esa çfl) FksA bUgksaus vius cM+s HkkbZ vkxLr
foYgse oku 'ysxy dks laL—r dk v/;;u djus ds fy, isfjl tkus ds fy,
çsfjr fd;kA bl çdkj 'ysxy Hkkb;ksa fo'ks"k :i ls cM+s ÝsMfjd dks jksekafVd
Ldwy ds laLFkkid ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ftUgksaus 19oha 'krkCnh ds
'kq:vkr esa teZu lkfgR; ds fodkl dks xgjkbZ ls çHkkfor fd;k A
vkxLr foYgse oku 'ysxy ¼ 1767&1845½ esa çkså o‚u] fo'ofo|ky; esa
[Link] vkSj laL—r ds çksQl
s j FksA bUgksaus xhrk ds ySfVu laLdj.k dks ewy
laL—r ikB ds lkFk 1803 esa çdkf'kr fd;kA ;g xhrk dk ;wjksih; Hkk"kk esa
igyk çR;{k vuqokn FkkA
1820 vkSj 1830 ds chp vkxLr 'ysxy us ¼Indische Bibliothk½ us Hkkjrh;
xzUFkksa dk laxzg çdkf'kr fd;k A budks teZuh esa 'laL—r Hkk"kk foKku* dk
114
 laLFkkid ekuk tkrk gS A bUgksaus Hkxon~xhrk dh ç'kalk esa dgk Fkk fd "It the
study of Sanskrit had brought nothing more than the satisfaction of
superb to read this upper poem in the original I would have been amply
compensated for all my labours- It is a sublime reunion of Poetic and
Being able philosophical genies-"

2- ÝkUt gkVZeSu vkSj xhrk

,d teZu esfMdy M‚DVj fFk;kslksfQLV vkSj xw<+ O;fä M‚å ÝkUt gkVZeSu
}kjk teZu esa Hkxon~xhrk dk ,d vuqokn Þ Bhagavad gita, Die (Nuch
diesm Titell Suchen, whitelotous Lipzig, 1924½ß esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;k A

3- gsufld fgedj vkSj xhrk

gsufld fgedj ,d ukth Fkk okLro esa og ,d tfVy çdkj dk O;fä FkkA
fQfyUl dLVuZ ds vuqlkj 1941 bZå esa e`R;q ds pkj o"kksZ ds igys ls fgedj
vius tsc esa Hkxon~xhrk dh ,d çfrfyfi j[kk djrk FkkA bls jkr esa fu;fer
:i ls v/;;u djrk Fkk vkSj bldk vuqokn M‚å gkVZeSu }kjk fd;k x;k
FkkA
4- iqjksfgr Lokeh vkSj Hkxon~xhrk
1935 esa iqjksfgr Lokeh ds }kjk Hkxon~xhrk dk vuqokn QScj ,.M QScj “The
Geeta; The Gospel of the Lord Shri Krishna.ß ds uke ls çdkf'kr fd;k
x;kA Lokeh us vius lÙkjosa tUe fnu ij çdkf'kr djok;kA bl iqLrd ds
çdkf'kr gksus ij Lokeh vkSj MCyw- chå ;kV~l ds chp lEcU/k c<+ x;kA ;kV~l
us vius dqN o"kksaZ dks iqjksfgr Lokeh ds dk;ksaZ ds çdk'ku vkSj çpkj ds fy,
lefiZr fd;kA nksuksa us dbZ iqLrdksa ds çdk'ku ds fy, feydj dke fd;kA
1935 esa Lokeh us [Link]; mifu"kn~ dk vuqokn çdkf'kr fd;k ftlds fy,
;kV~l us ,d Hkwfedk fyf[kA blds i'pkr~ 1938 esa iratfy ds ;ksx dk
vuqokn ÞTranslations of Patanjali's Apporism of yoga" ds uke ls nl
eq[; mifu"knksa dk vuqokn ;kV~l dh Hkwfedk ds lkFk QScj ,.M QScj ls
çdkf'kr fd;kA
okV~l us vkDlQksMZ v‚Q e‚MZu dfork esa 1892&1935 esa Lokeh ds vuqoknksa
dks 'kkfey fd;kA

xhrk dk vuqokn 50 ls vf/kd Hkk"kkvksa esa fd;k x;k gS A iwohZ vkSj if'peh Hkk"kkvksa
esa bl ij lSdM+ksa fVIif.k;k¡ gSA Hkkjr ds ckgj xhrk dks fgUnw /keZ dks le>us dk
igyk ek/;e vkSj lcls çFke dk;Z ekuk tkrk gSA
1. Richard H- Davis
“The Bhagavad Gita : A Biography, Princeton university" esa fy[krs gS fd
"The work has lived a Vivid and contentious existence over the centuries
since, through readings and recitations translations and commentaries
that have transcribed this classic into many currents and disputes-
115
 Thus the medival Hindu Gurus, British colovial scholars, German
romantics, Globetrotting spiritual speakers, Indian anticalonial Freedom
fighters, western students and spritual seekers all have engaged in
dialogue with the Gita, each in his/her own manner-

vFkkZr~ dgus dk vk'k; ;g gS fd Hkxon~xhrk çk;% lHkh Hkkjrh; 'kkL=ksa esa

lcls çfl) gS ftls lkoZHkkSfed :i ls nqfu;k dh vk/;kfRed vkSj lkfgfR;d
—fr;ksa esa ls ,d ekuk x;k gSA fjpZM Msfol us bl iwtuh; vkSj LFkk;h
iqLrd dh dgkuh dks çkphu Hkkjr esa bldh mRifÙk ls ysdj vkt ds vkxeu
rd ,d vk/;kfRed lkfgR; ¼Dykfld½ ds :i esa crk;k gSA ftldk vuqokn
ljy <ax ls vf/kd Hkk"kkvksa esa fd;k x;k gSA
2- pkYl fofYdUl
fofYdUl ds lkfgfR;d [Link] dh ç'kalk djrs gq, okjsu gsfLVXl us dgk gS fd
“A Performance of great originality of a sublimity of conception]
reasoning and diction almost unequalled, and single exception among all
the known religions of Man kind of a theology accurately corresponding
with that of the Christion dispensation and most powerfully illustrating
its fundamental doctrines-"

gsfLVEl us cy nsrs gq, dgk gS fd xhrk dh f'k{kkvksa dk v/;;u vkSj lgh

vH;kl ekuork dks 'kkafr vkSj vkuUn çnku djus ds fy, gS bUgksaus dqN
vuqfnr iafä;ksa dks fy[krs gq, dgk gS fd &
• Let the motive be in the Deed and not in the event.
• Be not one whose motive for Action is the hopes of Reward. let not
the life be spent in inaction depend on application-
• Perform the Duty, abandon all thought of the consequence, and
make the event Equal it terminate in good or evil; or such an
equality is called application.

fofy;e gsfLVXl dks ;g fo'okl Fkk fd Hkkjr esa fczfVl opZLo rc rd

vfLrRo esa jgsxk tc rd xhrk thfor jgsxhA
bu nksuksa us vuqeku yxk;k Fkk fd xhrk esa fczfV'k :fp lcls vf/kd gksxh
vkSj blds lkaL—frd oLrq dh vksj ftKklk mRiUu dh tk;sxhA mudk
vuqeku Fkk fd ;g igyw vUrr% baXyS.M esa vius ikBdksa ds fy, lcls vf/kd
ladsr nsus okyk Kku lkfcr gksxk A
xhrk us 'kq:vkr esa eq[; :i ls nwjnjkt ds iwoZ ds vKkr vrhr ;k ekuo
lH;rk ds vifjiDo vkSj vkfne pj.k ds ,d >yd ds :i esa mRlqd lkaL—
frd oLrq ds :i baXyS.M esa çpkj çkIr fd;kA
bl çdkj dgk tk ldrk gS fd xhrk dk egÙo fdlh Hkh vkrafjd [Link]Ùkk esa
ugha Fkk ysfdu blds ewY; ds [Link] dFkkvksa dk ,d mRlqd uewuk vkSj
fgUnqvksa ds fo'okl vkSj /kkfeZd fopkjksa ds ,d ç[Link] ekud ds :i esa
miyC/k FkkA

116
 vBkjgoha vkSj mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds 'kq#vkr esa Hkxon~xhrk dks dkO;xhr ;k
ifo='kkL= ds :i esa ekuus ds vis{kk nk'kZfud ç—fr ds lkfgR; ds :i esa
ekuk tkus yxkA fofYdUl ds bl dk;Z us lkekU; ikBdksa ds vfrfjä bZlkbZ
fe'kujh dk /;ku vkdZf"kr fd;k rFkk fgUnw fl}kUrksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy,
bldk bLrseky fd;kA
3- fofy;e CySd
fofy;e CySd us 1809 esa viuh rLohj *n jksfeu* esa jksekafVd dkO; crk;k
vkSj vuqokn ij dk;Z dj jgs fofYdUl vkSj fo}ku~ czkã.kksa dks fpf=r fd;kA
Cysd ds fp= us lq>ko fn;k fd xhrk dk egRo xqIr Kku ds :i esa
ckSf)d Je vkSj 'kkgh fot; ds ek/;e ls igys ls fNih gqbZ ijEijk ds Hkhrj
vius vKkr :i ls çkIr gqvkA
dkQh vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds okotwn Hkh fofYdUl ds vuqokn us vius
çkjfEHkd n'kdksa esa T;knk egÙo çkIr ugha fd;kA /khjs&/khjs ftKklk Lo:i
fo}kuksa }kjk bls xEHkhj v/;;u ds fy, txg nh xbZA fofy;e tksUl us mu
yksxksa dks vk'khokZnkRed ;g lykg nh fd Þ from a correct idea of Indian
religion and literature to forget all that has been written on the subject,
by ancients and moderns, before the publication of Gita (Jones 1799-
363) " fofYdUl ds vuqokn us iwjs ;wjksi ds lkFk vVykafVd esa viuk jkLrk
cuk fn;kA tgk¡ ;g vesfjdh Vªkl
a dsMsVfyLrkS ds fy, ,d çeq[k xzUFk cu
x;kA
4- Fkkel dkykbZy
Fkkel dkykbZy us xhrk ds fofYdUl ds vuqokn dh ,d çfr jkYQ okYMks
,elZu dks çLrqr dhA tks muds ç[Link] dk lcls cM+k lzksr lkfcr gqbZA blls
dkudkMZ Hkh çHkkfor FkkA vesfjdk vU; lHkh lkeku vkUnksyuksa ds fy,
dkudkMZ dk _.kh FkkA
mUuhloha vkSj chloha 'krkCnh ds çkjEHk esa Hkxon~xhrk ds çk;% lHkh vuqokndksa
us bls lkfgfR;d dk;Z] ,d dkO; ;k nk'kZfud dkO; ds :i esa ekuk ysfdu
'kkL= ds :i esa ugha ekukA
5- tså tså dkdcuZ FkkEilu] ,Mfou vukZYM vkSj tku Msfol
tså tså dkdcuZ FkkEilu 1853 esa Hkxon~xhrk ;k Þ The saered Lay – A
Sanskrit philosophical poem" rFkk tku Msfolus 1882 esa fgUnw n'kZu
Hkxon~xhrk ;k "The sacred lay & A Sanskrit philosophical poem. rFkk
,Mfou vukZYM us ¼1900½ esa n lkax lsysfLV;y ;k Hkxon~xhrk Þ The song
celestial or Bhagavad-Gita Famous Marvellous Sanskrit" dks çfl)
vn~Hkqr laL—r dkO; ds :i esa lUnfHkZr djrs gSaA ftlesa ljy ,oa vkn'kZ
Hkk"kk ds :i esa nk'kZfud ç.kkyh dks çLrqr djrk gS A
,Mfou vukZYM us Hkxon~xhrk ds vius vuqokn dh çLrkouk esa fy[kk gS fd
'Bhagavad Gita as famous mavelous sanskrit poem in which in Plan and
noble language- it unflods a philosophical systems.' vkSj mldk fo'okl
117
 Fkk fd tc ;g vuqfnr gksxk rks vaxzsth lkfgR; dks c<+k;sxkA
6- Jh iqjksfgr Lokeh
Jh iqjksfgr ¼1882&1946½ esa fgUnw fHk{kq FkkA og 1931 esa fczVus ls Hkkjr vk;kA
bUgksaus Hkkjrh; n'kZu vkSj Hkxon~xhrk ij O;k[;ku nsus dh J`a[kyk ls dk;Z
'kq: fd;kA
iqjksfgr Lokeh ,d çfl) vk;fj'k dfo] ukVddkj vkSj lkfgR; ds {ks= esa
ukscy iqjLdkj ds fotsrk (W-B- yets½ MCyw] chå ,Vl ds lEidZ esa vk;sA
ftudks vk/;kfRedrk ls xgjk yxko FkkA bUgksaus fFk;kslksfQdy lkslk;Vh ds
ek/;e ls 1886 esa fgUnw n'kZu dks çLrqr fd;k FkkA
iqjksfgr Lokeh dh nks iqLrdksa ds ckjs esa MCY;w chå ;‚V~l us crk;k çFke
iqLrd 1932 esa eSdfeyu yanu ls çdkf'kr gqbZ ftldk gS& 'kh"kZd "An
Indian monk with introduction by W. B. yeats- f}rh; iqLrd 1934 esa
QSoj ,.M QSoj yanu ls çdkf'kr gqbZ A ftldk 'kh"kZd " Bhagwan Shri
Hamsa, The Holy mountain, Translated by Shri Purohit Swami with
Introduction-"

MCY;w okV~l ds vkxzg ij iqjksfgr Lokeh us Hkxon~xhrk ij ,d [Link] fy[khA

ftls fczfV'k tu lkekU; ikBd ljyrk ls le> ldsA bUgksaus çkphu Hkkjrh;
vo/[Link] vkSj laL—r fu;eksa dk mi;ksx djus ls ijgst fd;k tks vaxzsth
Hkkf"k;ksa ds fy, vufHkK FkkA fQj Hkh og xhrk ikB ds çR;sd 'kCn dks vaxzsth
esa vuqokn djus esa lQy jgsA ;kV~l us Lokeh ds dk;Z dks çdkf'kr djus esa
enn dhA bl mís'; ds fy, MCY;wå chå ;kV~l us **QSoj ,.M QSoj** ds
çfl) çdk'ku [Link] ls lEidZ fd;kA tgk¡ ij fo}ku~ dfo Vhå ,lå
bfy;V lEiknd FksA
MCY;wå chå ;kV~l dh bPNk Fkh fd iqLrd esa Vhå ,lå bfy;V Hkwfedk fy[ksa]
ftlls iqLrd dh çfr"Bk vkSj Lohdk;Zrk c<+sxhA ysfdu bfy;V dh bPNk ;g
ugha FkhA bfy;V ds gLr{ksi ds ckotwn Qsoj ,.M Qsoj us iqjksfgr Lokeh
}kjk fyf[kr pkj iqLrdksa ds çdk'ku ij fopkj fd;kA
7- ,MYl gDlys
,MYl gDlys us fofHkUu dfM+;ksa esa xhrk dh çrhdkRed O;k[;kvksa dks
le>k;k tks ckn esa iqLrd ds :i esa çfl) gks x;hA blesa bUgksaus xhrk ds
lkoZHkkSfed ckjgeklh n'kZu dks Li"V fd;k gSA blesa mUgksaus Li"V fd;k gS fd
Þ The Bhagvad Gita is the most systematic statement of spiritual
evolution of endowing value to man& kind- It is one of the most clear
and comprehensive summaries of perennial philosophy ever revealed;
Hence its enduring value is subject not only to India but to all of
Humanity-" vFkkZr~ Hkxorxhrk ekuo tkfr ds fy, vafre ewY; ds vk/;kfRed
fodkl dk lcls O;ofLFkr dFku gSA ;g dHkh Hkh çdV fd, x, ckjgeklh
n'kZu ds lcls Li"V vkSj O;kid lkjka'kksa esa ls ,d gS; blfy, bldk ewY;
dsoy Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd iwjh ekuork ds v/khu gSA

118
8- ,å ohå oSu oqbVsu
,å ohå oSu oqbVsu ,d ikjEifjd fo}ku o vuqoknd FksA ;s f'kdkxks
fo'ofo|ky; ds (South Asian Languages and civilizations) nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ
Hkk"kkvksa vkSj lH;rkvksa ds foHkkx esa laL—r ds ,d [Link] vkSj çksQslj
FksA vius LoYi thou ds vUr esa bUgksaus eq[; :i ls egkHkkjr ds v/;;u ij
/;ku dsfUær fd;kA tsElå ,yå fQV~ tjxkYM }kjk lEikfnr ,å ohå oSu
oqbVsu }kjk Hkxonxhrk dk vuqokn vkSj muds [Link] 1981 esa xhrk ds
fo}kuksa vkSj mRlkgh Nk=ksa }kjk cgqr vf/kd ewY;kafdr fd;k x;kA egÙ[Link]
vuqokn ds vk/kkj ij mldk vuqokn vkSj xgjkbZ ls fo}kuksa ds }kjk ifjp;
vkSj dbZ mi;ksxh ikn fVIif.k;ksa ds lkFk v/;;u fd;k x;kA bldh ç[Link]
çLrqfr vkSj Li"Vrk dks Li"V djus ds fy, ç'kalk dh tkrh gSA ;g vius
'kq) çfriknu vkSj ewyikB dh çR;{krk dks cuk,¡ j[kus ds fy, ç'kaflr gSA
9- ,dukFk bZ'oju
,d ukFk bZ'oj ,d fo}ku vkSj vk/;kfRed f'k{kd FksA ftUgksaus /;ku ij dbZ
iqLrdsa fy[khaA mUgksaus Hkxon~xhrk] mifu"kn~ vkSj /kEein dk Hkh vuqokn fd;kA
dgk tkrk gS fd bZ'oju us xhrk esa xk¡/kh ds çHkko esa :fp fodflr dh ftls
;g viuh NksVh mez esa feys FksA Hkxon~xhrk dk ,dukFk bZ'oju dk vuqokn
Li"V ,oa lqUnj 'kCnksa esa vaxzsth esa çLrqr fd;k tks i<+us esa ljy gSA ,dukFk
bZ'oju us rhu [[Link] esa [Link] Hkh nh 'The Bhagavad Gita for Daily
living’ rFkk lkFk esa Hkxon~xhrk ds lkj ds fy, Hkxon~xhrk ds lkj uked
,d ljy [Link] Hkh dhA
bZ'oju us xhrk dh f'k{kkvksa dks vk/kqfud lUnHkZ esa mi;ksxh crk;kA ç—fr dh
okLrfodrk] vyko dk Hkze] igpku dh [kkst] ;ksx dk vFkZ vkSj Hkfä dks
O;ofLFkr djus ds rjhds ds ckjs esa xhrk ij fopkj fd;k x;k gSA ;g iqLrd
xhrk ds eq[; lans'k dks /;ku esa j[krh gS fd /;ku vkSj vk/;kfRed fo"k;ksa ds
vH;kl ds ek/;e ls gekjs la?k"kZ dks dSls gy fd;k tk, vkSj thou dh xgjh
,drk ds cuk, j[ks A
10- fØLVksQj bZ'ojoqM
fØLVksQj bZ'ojoqM ,d vaxzsth miU;kldkj] ukVddkj vkSj ys[kd FkkA 1925
esa ØSfEczt ;wfuoflZVh NksM+us ds ckn bUgksua s vius Ldwy ds nksLr MCY;w MîwMu
ds lkFk ¼1907&1973½ rd ;wjksi vkSj fQj phu ¼1938½ esa ;k=k dhA
bZ'ojoqM vkSj MîwMu us bXyS.M esa okeiaFkh lkfgR; ds rhloha ih<+h ds
'kq:vkrh dksj dk xBu fd;k A
tuojh 1939 esa vkMu vkSj bZ'ojoqM us ,MDl gDlys ls fe=rk dh] ftldk
mUgksaus dHkh&dHkh lg;ksx fd;kA ;s gDlys ds ek/;e ls nf{[Link] dSfyQksfuZ;k
ds osnkUr lkslk;Vh ds çeq[k Lokeh çHkokuUn ds lEidZ esa vk;s vkSj muds
f'k"; cu x;sA Lokeh çHkokuUn ds lkFk dj feydj bZ'ojoqM us Hkxon~xhrk
dk ,d u;k vaxzsth vuqokn fd;k ftls ckn esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;k A
bZ'ojoqM iwjh rjg ls fHk{kq ugha ou ik;s fQj Hkh çR;sd lIrkg eafnj esa vius
thou ds ckdh fgLlksa esa] çkFkZuk djus vkSj O;k[;ku djus ds fy, fgUnw cuk
119
 vkSj dbZ dke Hkh fd;sA ftlesa thouh ds :i esa Ramkrishna &Disciples
1965 esa fy[kkA viuh vfUre iqLrd " My Guru & Disciples " 1980 esa vius
fgUnw /keZ ds ifjorZu Lokeh çHkokuan ds leiZ.k dks vafdr fd;k gSA
11- bZlkbZ e'khujh vuqoknksa dh –f"V
bZlkbZ e'khujh vuqokndksa dh –f"V esa dsoy ;g nk'kZfud Kku Fkk ftls tkuus
dh t:jr gS ysfdu fuf'pr :i ls ;g ifo= xzUFk ugha gSA bUgksaus fuf'pr
:i ls Hkxon~xhrk ds vewrZ n'kZu vkSj nsorkvksa dh [Link] dFkkvksa esa fufgr
fgUnw va/kfo'oklksa ds chp vUrj fd;k tks Øwjrk vkSj okluk ls fyIr FkkA
tkuMsfol us 1882 esa fy[kk gS fd&
"This while the high philosophy of Bhagavad gita might approximates
some where near to Christian principles. it would not be adequate to
redeem the lost souls of the Hindu. bl çdkj fgUnw /keZ vkSj xhrk ij
fe'kujh ys[ku dk çkFkfed mís'; ;g Fkk fd ;g mu dk;ksaZ dh ekU;rkvksa dks
tku lds ftUgsa os cnyuk pkgrs Fks ftlls Hkfo"; ds fe'kuj bZlkbZ /keZ dh
j{kk djus ds fy, rS;kj gks ldsA
;|fi fe'kujh vkSj lkezkT;oknh fgr ges'kk esy ugha [kkrs Fks] ysfdu bl rjg
dh vuqokn&xfrfof/k us Hkkjrh; laL—fr ds çeq[k igyqvksa ds ckjs esa Kku dk
,d ek/;e cukus esa enn dh] tks nksuksa vius&vius mís';ksa ds fy, vkdf"kZr
vkSj mi;ksx dj ldrs FksA O;k[;k ds lk>k rjhds] Hkk"kkvksa ds çfr lk>k –
f"Vdks.k] muds vUrlZEcU/kksa vkSj lk>k vuqokn rduhdksa us muds xSj ;wjksih;
,oa vU; dh lk>k le> esa ;ksxnku fn;kA

cks/k ç'u &d

d- fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj fyf[k,&
1- vkpk;Z 'kadj us mifu"knksa dh fdruh la[;k Lohdkj dh gS \
2- ÝSap ;k=h ftu mifu"knksa dks Ýkal ys x;k vkSj ykfru Hkk"kk esa vuqokn fd;k
]ml vuqokn dk uke D;k Fkk \
3- czãk fo".kq vkSj egs'k tks Øe'k% l`f"V fLFkfr vkSj fouk'k ds çrhd gSa bLyke
ds vuqlkj buls feyrs tqyrs uke D;k gSa \
4- pkyZ~l t‚uLVu }kjk 1896 esa fdu&fdu mifu"knksa dk vuqokn Mcfyu ls
çdkf'kr djk;k \
5- Dogmas of Buddism xzUFk ds ys[kd dkSu gSa \

[k- fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,&

1- mifu"knksa dk lans'k uked iqLrd ds ys[kd&&&&&&&&&& gSaA
2- mifu"kn~ ,d vè;;u ds ys[kd &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&gSaA
3- xhrk dks vaxzsth esa vuqfnr djus okys çFke Hkkjrh; &&&&&&&&&&FksA
120
 4- n lhØsV cqd v‚Q n bZLV ds lEiknd &&&&&&&&&&&&&gSaA
5- Hkxon~xhrk dk loZçFke vuqokn &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&esa fd;k x;kA

x- lR; vkSj vlR; dh igpku dhft,&

1- t‚u Msfol us fons'kh fQyksy‚ftdy ykbczsjh }kjk Hkxon~xhrk dk vaxzsth x|
esa vuqokn fd;k x;kA
2- t‚u Msfol us xhrk dk vuqokn The song celestial ds uke ls fd;k Fkk&
3. The Bhagvad gita the song of the master ds uke ls pkYlZ t‚u LVu us
xhrk dk vuqokn fd;kA
4. The song of god Bhagvad Geetads uke ls M- Rodd co Hollywood us
xhrk dk vuqokn çdkf'kr fd;kA
5- ÝsMfjd 'ysxy dk gh vU; uke dkyZ fcYgse ÝsMfjd gSA

1- xhrk vkSj mifu"kn ds egRo ij çHkko Mkfy, \

2- xhrk vkSj mifu"kn dk if'peh lekt ij çHkko Li"V dhft, \
3- mifu"kn vkSj xhrk dk fo'o lkfgR; esa LFkku Li"V dhft, \
4- xhrk vkSj mifu"knksa dh lekurkvksa ds ckjs esa crkb, \
5- mifu"kn~ ,oa xhrk ds Hkkjrh¥ vuqokndksa ,oa ik'pkR; fo}kuksa dk ifjp;
nhft, \
6- mifu"kn~ ,oa xhrk ij vuqfnr —fr;ksa dk ifjp; nhft, \
7- mifu"kn~ ,oa xhrk n'kZu ds ik'pkR; vuqokndksa ,oa fo}kuksa dk ifjp;
fyf[k,\

mifu"kn~ ,oa xhrk nksuksa gh ekuo lekt vkSj thou dks O;ofLFkr :i ls pykus ds
fy, [Link] gSA Hkkjrh; lekt ij rks mifu"kn~ ,oa xhrk dk çHkko lk{kkr~ :i
ls ns[kk gh tk ldrk gSA blds lkFk gh if'peh ns'kksa ds lekt ij Hkh budk
çHkko Li"V:i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA blh dkj.k fdlh us bUgsa jgL;kRed Kku dh
dq¡th dgk gS rks dksbZ eks{k çkfIr ds vfUre lk/ku ds :i esa Lohdkj djrk gSA
mifu"kn~ vkSj xhrk nksauks gh Hkkjrh; Kku ds [Link] gSa vr% nksauks dk LFkku
vf}rh; gSA mifu"knksa dh la[;k yxHkx ƒåŠ Lohdkj dh tkrh gSA ftuesa ls ƒå
mifu"knksa ij vkpk;Z 'kadj dk Hkk"; çkIr gksrk gSA bu mifu"knksa esa tho] txr]
vkRek] ijekRek] czã] ijk] vijk vkfn fo|kvksa dh ckj&ckj ppkZ dh xbZ gSA bu
fo|kvksa dks –"VkUrksa ds ek/;e ls ekuo thou ds okLrfod lR; dks le>kus dk
ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA ftldk if'peh lekt ij Hkh xgjk çHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
xhrk&Hkkjrh; ,oa if'peh nksauks lektksa ij xhrk dk xgjk çHkko gqvk gSA
v/;kRe–çcU/ku ls ysdj lkekU; thou ds NksVs&NksVs o [Link] fo"k;ksa ds ysdj
xhrk esa 'kyksdksa ds ek/;e ls mudk [Link] o lek/kku fn;k x;k gSA fo'o dh 121
 yxHkx ‡å Hkk"kkvksa esa xhrk dk vuqokn gks pqdk gSA ftlls blds egRo o
mi;ksfxrk dks le>k tk ldrk gSA xhrk vkSj mifu"kn~ nksuksa gh if'peh lekt ds
fy, Hkh ,d vkn'kZ cudj mHkjs gSaA vr% bu nksuksa ds çHkko dks if'peh lekt esa
Li"V:i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
mifu"kn~ vkSj xhrk ds vuqokn çpkj&çlkj dk dk;Z Hkkjr lfgr ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa
vuojr :i ls gksrk jgk gSA Hkkjrh; fo}ku~ Lokeh foosdkuUn] johUæ ukFk VSxksj]
vkpk;Z fouksck Hkkos] Mk̆- loZiYyh jk/kk—".ku~ ,oa ik'pkR; fo}ku~ eSDlewyj] Mh-
áwe] 'kksiugkoj] pkyZ~l tkuLVj] vkVks oksV fyad] jkcVZ vusZLV] iky Mk;lu vkfn
xhrk ds HkkSfrd vkSj vk/;kfRed egRo dh ppkZ djrs gq, mldh Hkwjh&Hkwjh ç'kalk
dh gSA xhrk dks ysdj Hkh ik'pkR; vkSj Hkkjrh; fo}kuksa dk er xzg.k djus ;ksX;
gSA nksuksa gh izdkj ds fo}ku xhrk dks ysdj cgqr gh mRlqd fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA dqN
Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; fo}ku jgsa gSa ftUgksaus xhrk ds çfr viuh KkufyIlk dh
vfHkO;fä dh gSA Hkkjrh; fo}ku~ dk'khukFk R;aZcd rsyax xhrkçsl xksj[kiqj us
chloha 'krkCnh dh 'kq#vkr esa vke yksxksa ds chp xhrk ds lUns'k dks QSykus dk
egku dk dk;Z fd;kA Mk̆- vkj th- [Link]] Vh- vkj- Jhfuokl v;axj vkfn
fo}kuksa us Hkh xhrk dk vuqokndk;Z fd;k ftlls Hkkjr lfgr if'peh txr esa
xhrk ds Kku dk çokg rst+ gks ldkA
ik'pkR;ksa esa fFk;ksfQLVksa }kjk 1785 esa xhrk dk vaxzsth vuqokn fd;k x;kA ftlds
ckn bldk foLrkj ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk rd QSykA
Jh fe'kdk flUgk] pkyZ~l fofYdUl] gsujh MsfoM Fkksjks] ts- jkcVZ] 'kksisugkoj vkSj
,YMl gDlys vkfn us vius 'kks/ki=ksa ,oa vuqoknksa ds ek/;e ls xhrk ds nk'kZfud
Kku ls fo'o dks —rkFkZ fd;kA Msfol us ;g irk yxk;k fd egkRek xk¡/kh vkSj
Lokeh foosdkuUn us fdl çdkj Hkkjrh; LorU=rk laxzke esa xhrk dk ç;ksx fd;kA
Ýkalhlh vuqoknd thu Msfol ykatqukbl] vCcs ijkans] teZu vuqoknd 'ysxy]
Ýkat FkVZeSu gsufld fgedj] iqjksfgr Lokeh o vU; ik'pkR; fo}ku~ Richard H
Davis] fofy;e Cysd] Fkkel dkykbZy] ts ts dkdcuZ] FkkEilu] ,M+fou vukZYM]
fØLVksQj bZ'oj oqM vkfn fo}kuksa us viuh cqf) ds vuq:i xhrk n'kZu ij vius
fopkj vkSj vuqokn dk;Z fd;s] ftlls if'peh lkfgR; le`) gqvk rFkk lekt dh
l`tukRedrk esa Hkh o`f) gqbZA

1- fyIlk &bPNk] vfHkyk’kk]ykylk

2- Hkk’;&O;k[;k]fooj.k
3- le`)&lEiUu]oSHko”kkyh
4- çkFkfed&izkjfEHkd]ekSfyd
5- vkd’kZd&euksgkjh]eueksgd
6- l`tukRedrk&jpukRedrk

122
1. Gita https:/htm wikipedia org/wiki/ Srimat Bhagvat [Link]
-com/Tag/Travlcution of the bitainto-europeah Language.
2. The Bhagavad Gita and the west: The Esoteric Significance of the
Bhagavad gita and its pelatior to the Epistles of poul by Rudolf Steeiner-
3. Bhagavad Gita & world Religions
4. Impact of Bhagvad Gita on west/Arise Bharat
5. Influence of Bhagavad Gita Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia
6- Jones A- Hijiya. The gita of Robert oppunheimer Proceeding of the
American Philosophy Society
7. The Gita of Ji Robert Oppenhinver by Jams a Hijiya.
8. Prof- of History University of massachusetts-
9- Jhen~Hkkxon~xhrk] e/kqlwnu ljLorh—r xwBkFkZnhfidk laL—rVhdk rFkk
çfrHkkHkk"; fgUnh lfgr
10- Jhen~Hkkxon~xhrk] ,lå jk/kk—".ku] —r O;k[;k dk fgUnh vuqokn jktiky
,.M lUl ƒ‹ˆ‹
11- 'kkgtknk eqgEen nkjkf'kdksg —r fljsZ vuqokn] ‡å mifu"knksa dh Qkjlh dk
vuqokn lfgr lkuqokn] Hkqou okuh VªLV y[kuÅ] ƒ‹‰‡
12- Introduction to Sirr 1 Akbar, or the Persian Translation of the
upanishadas by Dara Shukoh, Tara Cand, Taban Printing Press 1957
13- [Link] mifu"knksa dk Qkjlh vuqokn
14- Jhen~Hkkxonxhrk O;k[;kdkj enu eksgu vxzoky] pkS[kEck laL—r çfr"Bku]
[Link]] ƒ‹Š†
15- Deussen, The Philosophy of the Upanishads

1- 10
2- vkSifu[kr ];g 1809 esa çdkf'kr gqvkA
3- ftczk,y] ehdkby vkSj bL=kthyA
4- dB] ç'u vkSj NkUnksX; A
5- Mh- áwe A

1- M‚- loZiYyh jkèkk—".ku

2- vkpk;Z fcuksck Hkkos
3- dk'khukFk «;Ecd rsyax ¼1858&1893½ 123
 4- eSDlewyj
5- pkYlZ fofYdUl }kjk 1784 bZ esaA

1- lR;
2- vlR;
3- lR;
4- lR;
5- lR;

bu ç'uksa ds mÙkj fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaxs A

124