SUBJECT-CHEMISTRY

(CBSE BOARD )
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTION -I

1. (i) State Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions. Write an expression for the limiting molar conductivity of acetic
acid according to Kohlrausch’s law.
(ii) Calculate the maximum work and log Kc for the given reaction at 298 K :
Ni (s) + 2Ag+ (aq) ⇌Ni2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s)
Given : E0 Ni2+ / Ni = 0·25 V, E0 Ag+ / Ag = + 0·80 V , 1 F = 96500 C/mol 2+3=5
(i) Limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the anion
and cation of the electrolyte.

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0
(ii) ∆r𝐺 0 = – nF 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
0
Maximum work = – ∆r𝐺 0 = nF 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
–1
= 2 x 96500 C mol x (0·80 + 0·25) V = 2 x 96500 x 1·05 J mol–1
= 202,650 J mol–1 or 202·65 kJ mol–1

AJ
2. (i) State Faraday’s First law of electrolysis. How much charge, in terms of Faraday, is required for the reduction of 1 mol
Cu2+ to Cu ?
(ii) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298 K for
L
Mg (s) /Mg2+ (0.1 M) ⟶ Cu2+ (0.1 M)/Cu (s)
[Ecell = + 2.71 V, 1 F = 96500 C mol-1, log 10 = 1] 2+3=5
(i) It states that the mass of a substance deposited /liberated at the electrodes is directly proportional to the charge/quantity of
electricity passed through the electrolyte.
2F charge is required.
BA

(ii)

= 2·71 V – 0·0295 = 2·68 V. (Deduct ½ mark for no or incorrect unit)

3. Assign reason for each of the following : 5x1=5
(i) Manganese exhibits the highest oxidation state of +7 among the 3d series of transition elements.
(ii) Transition metals and their compounds are generally found to be good catalysts in chemical reactions.
(iii) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn3+ is an oxidising agent.
(iv) Zn has lowest enthalpy of atomization.
(v) Cu+ is unstable in an aqueous solution.

CHEMISTRY &PHYSICS CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

 (i) Due to the participation of all 3d and 4s electrons in bond formation /due to the presence of maximum number of unpaired
electrons.
(ii) Due to variable oxidation state / due to the ability to adopt multiple oxidation states / due to the large surface area / due to
complex formation.
(iii) Cr2+ changes from d4 to stable half-filled t2g3 configuration while Mn3+ changes to stable half-filled d5 configuration.
(iv) Due to the absence of unpaired electrons and weak interatomic interactions.
(v) Cu+ ion (aq.) undergoes disproportionation to Cu2+ (aq.) and Cu /
2 Cu+ (aq.) ⎯⎯→ Cu2+ (aq.) + Cu (s)

4. (i) Carry out the following conversions :

(1) Ethanal to But-2-en-1-al (2) Propanoic acid to 2-chloropropanoic acid
(ii) An alkene with molecular formula C5H10 on ozonolysis gives a mixture of two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’ . Compound ‘B’
gives positive Fehling test and also react with iodine and NaOH solution. Compound ‘C’ does not give Fehling solution
test but forms iodoform . Identify the compounds ‘A’ , ‘B’ and ‘C’. 2+3=5
(i)
(1)

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(2)

(ii)
L AJ
BA

5. (i) Distinguish with a suitable chemical test :

(1) CH3COCH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CHO (2) Ethanal and Ethanoic acid
(ii) Write the structure of oxime of acetone.
(iii) Identify A to D.
2+1+2=5

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 (i) (1) Add Iodine (I2), NaOH, and heat both the test tubes containing the given organic compounds. Butanone gives yellow
precipitate (CHI3) while butanal will not give the positive iodoform test.
(2) Add NaHCO3 in both the test tube containing the given organic compounds. Ethanoic acid will give brisk
effervescence of CO2 and ethanal will not. (or any other suitable chemical test)
(ii)

(iii) A = CH3COCl, B = CH3CHO, C = (CH3)2CH(OH), D = CH3CH2OH

6. (a) ‘A’ and ‘B’ are two functional isomers of compound C3H6O. On heating with NaOH and I2
(b) Give reasons for the following :
(i) Carboxylic acid does not give reactions of carbonyl group.
(ii) Propanone is less reactive towards nucleophilic addition reaction as compared to propanal.
(c) Write a simple chemical test to distinguish between benzoic acid and phenol. 2+2+1=5
B = CH3 – CO – CH3 / Propanone

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(a) A = CH3CH2CHO / Propanal
(b) (i)Because Carboxyl carbon is less electrophilic due to resonance with – OH.
(ii) Because of steric hindrance and electronic reasons.
(c) On adding NaHCO3/Na2CO3 to benzoic acid brisk effervescence with the evolution of CO2 is observed, whereas in phenol
it is not observed.

7. (i) Account for the following :

AJ (or any other suitable chemical test)

(1) Mn shows the highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state of +4.
(2) Cr2+ is a strong reducing agent.
(3) Cu2+ salts are coloured while Zn2+ salts are white.
(ii) Complete and balance the following chemical equations :

(i)
L
(1) 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 →⎯⎯
∆
(2) Cr2𝑂72− + 14H+ + 6𝐼− →⎯

(1) Because of the ability of oxygen to form multiple bonds with Mn.
3+2=5

(2) Because Cr is more stable in + 3 oxidation state due to stable t32g configuration
(3) Because of unpaired electron in d-orbital of Cu2+ ion /d-d transition, while Zn2+ has no unpaired electron.
(ii) (1) 2 MnO2 + 4 KOH + O2 → 2 K2MnO4 + 2 H2O
(2) Cr2𝑂72− + 14 H+ + 6 I– ⎯⎯→ 2 Cr3+ + 3I2 + 7 H2O
BA

8. (i) The elements of 3d transition series are given as : Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Answer the following :
(1) Which element has the highest melting point and why ?
(2) Which element is most stable in +2 oxidation state and why ?
(3) Which element has lowest enthalpy of atomisation and why ?
(ii) Write the preparation of Na2Cr2O7 from chromite ore. 3+2=5
(b ) (i)
(1)Cr, because of greater number of unpaired electrons and strong metal-metal bond.
(2)Mn, because of stable 3d5 configuration
(3)Zn, because of the absence of unpaired electrons.
(ii) 4FeCr2O4 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2 ⎯⎯→ 8Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8CO2
2Na2CrO4 + 2H+ ⎯⎯→ Na2Cr2O7 + 2Na+ + H2O
9. (a) (i) Calculate Ecoell for the following reaction at 298 K : 2Al (s) + 3Cu2+ (0 01 M) →⎯ 2Al3+ (0 01 M) + 3Cu (s)
Given : Ecell = 1 98 V, log 10 = 1
(ii) Using the Eo values of A and B, predict which is better for coating the surface of iron
(E0 Fe2+/Fe = 0·44 V) to prevent corrosion and why ? 3+2=5
Given : (E0 A2+/A= 2·37 V E0 B2+/B= 0·14 V

CHEMISTRY &PHYSICS CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

 1·98 = E0cell – 0·0196 V
E0 cell = 1·98 + 0·0196
E0 cell = 1·9996 V
(ii) A, as its reduction potential is more than iron and therefore prevents iron to oxidise.
10. (i) The conductivity of 0 001 M solution of CH3COOH is 3.905x10-5 Scm -1. Calculate its degree of dissociation (α ).
Given : 𝜆0(CH3COO− ) = 40.9 S cm2 mol-1
𝜆0 H+ = 349.6 S cm2 mol-1

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(ii) State Faraday s second law of electrolysis.
(iii) What happens if external potential applied becomes greater than E0 cell of electrochemical cell ? 3+1+1=5
(i)
L = (349·6 + 40·9) S cm2 mol–1
= 390·5 S cm2 mol–1
AJ
BA

= 390 ·5 / 39·05 = 0·1

(ii) The mass of substance deposited or liberated at electrode is directly proportional to the amount of electricity passed
through the solution.
(iii) Electrochemical cell will start working as an electrolytic cell / current will start flowing in opposite direction.
11. (i) Account for the following :
(1) [Ti(H2O)6]4+ is colourless.
(2) MnO is basic while Mn2O7 is acidic.
(3) Actinoids show a wide range of oxidation states.
(ii) Write the preparation of KMnO4 from MnO2. 3+2=5
4+
(i) (1) Due to the absence of an unpaired electron in Ti / absence of d-d transition.
(2) Because Mn is in +7 oxidation state in Mn2O7 i.e., higher the oxidation state, higher the acidic character.
(3) Due to the comparable energies of 5f, 6d and 7s orbitals.
(ii)

CHEMISTRY &PHYSICS CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

 (Balancing of the equation may be ignored) (or any other suitable method of preparation)
12. (i) Define lanthanoid contraction. Write its two consequences. Why is actinoid contraction greater than lanthanoid
contraction ?
(ii) Write the preparation of Na2Cr2O7 from chromite ore. 3+2=5
(i) The steady decrease in the atomic/ionic radii of the lanthanoid series with the increase in atomic number.
(1) 4d and 5d series elements have almost identical atomic radii.
(2) Difficulty in the separation of Lanthanoids.
(3) Similar physical and chemical properties.
(4) Basic character of the lanthanide hydroxides M(OH)3 decreases with an increase in atomic number.
(Any two consequences)
 Due to the poor shielding effect of 5f in comparison to 4f.
(ii)

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(Balancing of the equation may be ignored)

(1) Concentrated NaOH

(3) CH3MgBr/H2O
(ii) Write the reaction involved in

- +
AJ
13. (a) (i) Write the products formed when Methanal reacts with the following :

(1) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction, and

(a) (i) HCOO Na + CH3OH / Sodium formate + Methanol
(ii) HCH=NNHCONH2 / Methanal semicarbazone
(iii) CH3CH2OH
(ii) (1)
L
/ Ethanol
(2) Semicarbazide/weak acid

(2) Decarboxylation reaction 3+2=5

BA

(2)

\
(or any other suitable equation)
14.(a) (i) How will you convert the following ?
(1) Toluene to Benzaldehyde (2) Acetyl chloride to Ethanol
(ii) Write a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds :
(1) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one
(2) Benzoic acid and Benzaldehyde
(b) Chloroacetic acid is more acidic than acetic acid. Why ? 2+2+1
(a) (i)
(1)

CHEMISTRY &PHYSICS CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

 / By adding CrO2Cl2 /CS2 followed by hydrolysis (H3O+)
(2)

/ By adding H2-Pd/BaSO4 followed by reduction with LiAlH4.

(or any other suitable method)
(ii)
(1) Add Iodine (I2) and NaOH to both the test tubes containing the given organic compounds and heat. Pentan-2-one gives
a yellow precipitate (CHI3) while Pentan-3-one will not.
(2) Add NaHCO3 in both the test tube containing the given organic compounds. Benzoic acid will give brisk
effervescence of CO2 and benzaldehyde will not. (or any other suitable chemical test)
(c) Due to -I effect of Cl which stabilises the conjugate base (chloroacetate ion).

15. (i) A cell and its emf is given below : Pt (s) | H2 (g, 1 bar) | H+ (aq, 1 M) || Cu2+ (aq, 1M)|Cu (s)
emf of the cell = + 0·34 V. Write the reduction half-reaction at cathode.
(ii) How is standard Gibbs energy for a reaction related to equilibrium constant ?

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(iii) Calculate emf of the given cell : Mg (s) | Mg2+ (0·1 M) || Cu2+ (1·0x 10-3 M) |Cu (s) 1+1+3
0 0
Given : 𝐸𝐶𝑢 2+ /𝐶𝑢 = + 0·34 V, 𝐸𝑀𝑔 2+ /𝑀𝑔 = - 2·37 V (log 100 = 2)
(i) Cu2+ (aq) + 2 𝑒 − ⟶ Cu (s)
(ii) ∆r𝐺 0 = - RTlnK
L
Ecell = 2.71 - 0.059
AJ
Ecell = 2.65 V (Deduct ½ mark, if no or incorrect unit)

16. (i) State Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions.

(ii) How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce 40 g of Al from molten Al2O3 ?
BA

(Given : atomic mass of Al = 27 u)

(iii) Calculate log Kc for the following reaction at 298 K : Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) ⇌ Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s) 1+1+3
Given : E0Zn2+ / Zn = -0·76 V, E0Cu2+ / Cu = + 0·34 V
(i) Limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the anion
and cation of the electrolyte.
(ii) According to the question,

Electricity required to produce 27 g of Al = 3 F

3 𝑥 40
Therefore, electricity required to produce 40 g of Al = = 4.44 F
27
0
𝑛𝑥 𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
(iii) log Kc =
0.059
0
𝐸𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 0.34 – (-0.76) V = 1.10 V
n=2
2 𝑥 1.10
log Kc = 0.059 = 37.22
17. Answer the following questions : 1+1+1+1+1
(a) The chemistry of the actinoids is more complex as compared to lanthanoids. Why ?
(b) Why is E0 for Mn3+/Mn2+ redox couple more positive ?
(c) Why do transition metals form large numbers of complex compounds ?

CHEMISTRY &PHYSICS CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

 (d) How does acidified potassium permanganate solution react with Fe2+ ions ? Write ionic equation.
(e) Calculate the ‘spin only’ magnetic moment of a divalent ion of a metal M in aqueous solution. The atomic number of
the metal M is 25.
(a) Because many of the actinoids are radioactive and have the ability to exist in different oxidation states.
(b) Mn3+ can be easily reduced to Mn2+ due to stable d5 configuration / Much larger third ionization enthalpy of Mn.
(c) Small size of atoms and ions /availability of d-orbitals for bond formation / High ionic charge.
(d) 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8 H+ ⟶ Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+
(e) 𝜇 = √𝑛(𝑛 + 2) , n =5
= √5(5+2)
= 5.91 BM

18. Compound A undergoes Rosenmund reduction to give compound B with molecular formula C 7H6O. Compound B does not
give Fehling s test but reacts with conc. NaOH to give C and D. Identify A, B, C and D and write all the reactions involved.
Write one chemical test to distinguish between compound B and propanone. 5
(a) A = Benzoyl chloride / C6H5COCl B = Benzaldehyde / C6H5CHO
C = Benzyl alcohol / C6H5CH2OH D = Sodium Benzoate / C6H5COONa

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L AJ
Add Iodine (I2) and NaOH in both the test tubes containing the given organic compounds and heat. Propanone gives +ve
iodoform test i.e., CHI3 (yellow ppt.) while benzaldehyde does not.
19. Compound A with molecular formula (C2H6O) on oxidation by PCC gives compound B, which on treatment with dilute
alkali forms compound C which is β-hydroxy aldehyde. B on oxidation by potassium permanganate forms C. Identify A, B, C
BA

and D and write all the chemical equations involved. 5

A = Ethanol / CH3CH2OH
B = Ethanal / CH3CHO
C = 3-Hydroxybutanal / CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO
D = Ethanoic acid / CH3COOH

(Award full mark if student attempts identification of compound D and the chemical equation in the oxidation of B to C in any
way).

CHEMISTRY &PHYSICS CLASSES BY ANKUR SIR 7983744732

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