STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORT OF ACADEMIC BLOCKS

SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT

MAHUNYAL SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPER:
MAHUNYAL SECONDARY SCHOOL
BARDAGORIYA RURAL MUNICIPALITY-06, BASKOTI, KAILALI

CONSULTANT:
TRINETRA CONSTRUCTION AND CONSULT [Link]
DHANGADHI, KAILALI, NEPAL

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................... ii
1.0. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................... 1
1.3. STRUCTURAL MODELLING .............................................................................................. 4
1.4. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF THE BUILDING................................................................... 5
2.0. GENERAL DATA FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 6
2.1. GRADE OF CONCRETE....................................................................................................... 6
2.2. REINFORCEMENT STEEL .................................................................................................. 6
2.3. CLEAR COVER ..................................................................................................................... 8
2.4. REFERENCE CODES ............................................................................................................ 8
2.5. LOAD CALCULATIONS .................................................................................................... 10
2.5.1. Gravity Loads ................................................................................................................... 10
2.5.2. Live Loads ........................................................................................................................ 10
2.5.3. Dead Load........................................................................................................................ 11
2.5.4. Seismic Load .................................................................................................................... 11
2.5.5. Wind Loads ...................................................................................................................... 13
2.6. Soft Storey ............................................................................................................................ 13
2.7. LOAD COMBINATIONS .................................................................................................... 13
2.7.1. Static load combination for Limit State Method ............................................................. 14
2.7.2. Dynamic Load Combination ............................................................................................ 14
3.0. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROCEDURE........................................................................................ 16
4.0. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ............................................................................................................ 17
4.1. DESIGN OF CLASSROOM BLOCK .................................................................................. 17
4.1.1. General Layout of Building .............................................................................................. 17
4.1.2. General information on the structural elements of the building ................................... 18
4.1.3. Load calculation and applications ................................................................................... 18
4.1.4. Design Output and Design Check .................................................................................... 27
4.1.5. Axial Force Diagram ........................................................................................................ 31
4.1.6. Shear Force Diagram ....................................................................................................... 31
4.1.7. Bending Moment Diagram .............................................................................................. 31
4.1.8. Model Mass Participation Ratio ...................................................................................... 32
4.1.9. Torsional Irregularity Check ............................................................................................ 34
4.1.10. Mass Irregularity Check .............................................................................................. 35

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4.1.11. Soft Storey Check and Weak Storey Check ................................................................. 36

4.1.12. Maximum Storey Displacement.................................................................................. 39
4.1.13. Maximum Storey Drift ................................................................................................ 48
4.1.14. Section Verification ..................................................................................................... 57
4.1.15. SUPPORT REACTION ................................................................................................... 57
4.1.16. Design of Structural Element ...................................................................................... 58
4.1.17. Design of Beam ........................................................................................................... 75
4.1.18. Design of beam column capacity ratio ....................................................................... 78
4.1.19. Design of Slab.............................................................................................................. 86
4.1.20. Design of foundation .................................................................................................. 89
4.1.21. Design of Staircase ...................................................................................................... 94
4.2. DESIGN OF LAB BLOCK .................................................................................................. 96
4.2.1. General Layout of Building .............................................................................................. 96
4.2.2. General information on the structural elements of the building ................................... 97
4.2.3. Load calculation and applications ................................................................................... 97
4.2.4. Design Output and Design Check .................................................................................. 104
4.2.5. Axial Force Diagram ...................................................................................................... 106
4.2.6. Shear Force Diagram ..................................................................................................... 107
4.2.7. Bending Moment Diagram ............................................................................................ 107
4.2.8. Model Mass Participation Ratio .................................................................................... 108
4.2.9. Torsional Irregularity Check .......................................................................................... 109
4.2.10. Mass Irregularity Check ............................................................................................ 109
4.2.11. Soft Storey Check and Weak Storey Check ............................................................... 109
4.2.12. Maximum Storey Displacement................................................................................ 112
4.2.13. Maximum Storey Drift .............................................................................................. 116
4.2.14. Section Verification ................................................................................................... 120
4.2.15. SUPPORT REACTION ................................................................................................. 120
4.2.16. Design of Structural Element .................................................................................... 122
4.2.17. Design of Beam ......................................................................................................... 138
4.2.18. Design of beam column capacity ratio ..................................................................... 141
4.2.19. Design of Slab............................................................................................................ 148
4.2.20. Design of foundation ................................................................................................ 152
4.2.21. Design of Staircase .................................................................................................... 158

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4.3. DESIGN OF HOSTEL BLOCK ......................................................................................... 161

4.3.1. General Layout of Building ............................................................................................ 161
4.3.2. General information on the structural elements of the building ................................. 162
4.3.3. Load calculation and applications ................................................................................. 162
4.3.4. Design Output and Design Check .................................................................................. 169
4.3.5. Axial Force Diagram ...................................................................................................... 171
4.3.6. Shear Force Diagram ..................................................................................................... 172
4.3.7. Bending Moment Diagram ............................................................................................ 172
4.3.8. Model Mass Participation Ratio .................................................................................... 173
4.3.9. Torsional Irregularity Check .......................................................................................... 174
4.3.10. Maximum Storey Displacement................................................................................ 175
4.3.11. Maximum Storey Drift .............................................................................................. 179
4.3.12. Section Verification ................................................................................................... 183
4.3.13. SUPPORT REACTION ................................................................................................. 183
4.3.14. Design of Structural Element .................................................................................... 184
4.3.15. Design of Beam ......................................................................................................... 194
4.3.16. Design of beam column capacity ratio ..................................................................... 196
4.3.17. Design of Slab............................................................................................................ 203
4.3.18. Design of foundation ................................................................................................ 207
4.3.19. Design of Staircase .................................................................................................... 211

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1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. BACKGROUND

Nepal is a geographically diverse country, ranging from the flat, fertile Terai plains
in the south to the towering Himalayan peaks in the north. Situated at the collision point of
the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, Nepal experiences intense seismic activity as the
plates continuously press against each other. This tectonic collision is responsible for the
creation of the Himalayan Mountain range, and it also makes Nepal highly vulnerable to
earthquakes. The 2015 Gorkha earthquake, with a magnitude of 7.8, demonstrated the
severe seismic risk in the country. This earthquake caused massive destruction, particularly
in the Kathmandu Valley, and led to the loss of nearly 9,000 lives while displacing hundreds
of thousands of people. It exposed the inadequacy of many buildings to withstand strong
seismic forces, highlighting the need for better earthquake-resistant infrastructure across the
nation.

Given Nepal's exposure to frequent and powerful earthquakes, the importance of

seismic analysis in structural design cannot be overstated. Seismic analysis enables engineers
to assess how structures will react during an earthquake and ensures they are designed to
absorb and resist the stresses caused by seismic forces. In earthquake-prone regions like
Nepal, where much of the construction is concentrated in vulnerable areas, it is essential to
integrate seismic considerations into building designs. This includes evaluating factors such
as building materials, foundation types, local soil conditions, and structural layout, all of
which affect a building’s performance during an earthquake. The 2015 Gorkha earthquake
serves as a critical reminder of the need for proper seismic design to safeguard lives and
minimize damage. By prioritizing seismic analysis, Nepal can improve the resilience of its
infrastructure, ensuring that buildings can withstand future earthquakes and better protect the
population.

1.2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report has been prepared as part of the structural engineering analysis and design
summary for the Academic blocks of Mahunyal Secondary School, fulfilling a partial
requirement for the application to obtain a building construction permit. It provides a brief
overview of the structural aspects and design of the proposed building. The analysis and design
have been carried out using the finite element software ETABS 2019.0.2, which offers the
structural engineer all the necessary tools to create, modify, analyze, design, and optimize the
structural elements of the building model. The structural design is primarily based on the
current National Building Code of Practice of India, with relevant British Codes applied for
provisions not covered by the Indian standards, and it generally conforms to the NBC of Nepal.

General Features:
Project: - Consulting Service for Detailed Engineering Site
Survey, Preparation of Detailed Engineering
Architectural and Structural Design, Drawing

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and Cost Estimate and Detail Soil Investigation of

Mahunyal Secondary School
Contract ID:-(Mahunyal/CS/01/2081-082)
Location: - Bardogoriya Rural Municipality-06, Baskoti, Kailali
Geotechnical features (refer Geo-tech Report)
Soil Type: - Medium Soil (Soil type-C)
Seismic Zone: - Bardogoriya Rural Municipality
Allowable bearing capacity: - 100 KN/m2 at depth 2 m from GL (ISOLATED)
Materials properties
Unit weight of concrete: - 25 kN/m3
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity, Ec 5000 √fck
:-
Modulus of elasticity for Steel, Es: - 200 KN/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio: - 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar
Cover to Reinforcement
Footings (Bottom, and Top) 50mm
Footing (Sides) 75mm
Columns 40mm
Beams 25mm or bar diameter whichever is greater
Slabs 20mm or bar diameter whichever is greater
Stairs (Waist Slab/Folded) 15mm
Water Tank walls and Slab 15mm

a. Classroom Block

Architectural features: (Refer Architectural drawing for more details)

Type of Building: - Institutional Building
Height of Storey: - 3.6m
Total Height of the Building: - 13.8m from the plinth level
Wall and Partition: - Masonry Walls (Brick Wall)
Structural features
Grade of concrete: - M25 (slab, beam, Column, Footing)
M20 (sill and lintel band)
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Grade of steel: - Fe-500 (elongation >14.5%)

Structural System: - Special Moment Resisting Frame
Foundation Type: - Isolated footing/Combined Footing

Foundation Thickness: - 450mm and 550mm (Refer to Structural drawing)

Columns: - 550mm x 550mm

Beams: - Main Beam Rectangular:350mm x 550mm

Secondary Beam of 250 mm x400 mm
Slab: - Floor Slab of 125mm thick
Waist Slab 175mm thick

b. Lab Block

Architectural features: (Refer Architectural drawing for more details)

Type of Building: - Institutional Building
Height of Storey: - 3.5m
Total Height of the Building: - 13.5m from the plinth level
Wall and Partition: - Masonry Walls (Brick Wall)
Structural features
Grade of concrete: - M25 (slab, beam, Column, Footing)
M20 (sill and lintel band)
Grade of steel: - Fe-500 (elongation >14.5%)
Structural System: - Special Moment Resisting Frame
Foundation Type: - Isolated footing/combined Footing

Foundation Thickness: - 500mm and 600mm (Refer to Structural drawing)

Columns: - 550mm x 550mm

Beams: - Main Beam Rectangular:350mm x550mm

Secondary Beam of 250 mm x400 mm
Slab: - Floor Slab of 125mm thick
Waist Slab 200mm thick

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c. Hostel Block

Architectural features: (Refer Architectural drawing for more details)

Type of Building: - Institutional Building
Height of Storey: - 3.5m
Total Height of the Building: - 13.5 m from the plinth level
Wall and Partition: - Masonry Walls (Brick Wall)
Structural features
Grade of concrete: - M20 (slab, beam, Column, Footing)
M20 (sill and lintel band)
Grade of steel: - Fe-500 (elongation >14.5%)
Structural System: - Special Moment Resisting Frame
Foundation Type: - Isolated footing

Foundation Thickness: - 400mm and 500mm (Refer to Structural drawing)

Columns: - 450mm x450mm

Beams: - Main Beam Rectangular:300x500mm

Secondary Beam of 230 mm x300 mm
Slab: - Floor Slab of 125mm thick
Waist Slab 175 mm thick

1.3. STRUCTURAL MODELLING

For the structural analysis of this building, ETABS software, developed by CSI, has
been employed, while the foundation design has been carried out using CSI's SAFE software.
Three-dimensional models of each building component have been developed, with
dimensions as specified in the design drawings. Concrete grades M25 and M20 have been
selected for all major structural elements, including columns, beams, slabs, footings, lintels,
and sill bands. The analysis and design have followed center-line dimensions, and the initial
sizing of structural components was based on engineering experience. In the analysis, beams
are modeled as rectangular to facilitate a more efficient distribution of moments in the
columns and to account for the reversibility of seismic forces. Seismic loads are applied
horizontally, in either of the two principal directions, since vertical seismic loads are
considered negligible. The design seismic forces are applied and automatically distributed by
the software across different floor levels. The structural analysis complies with Nepal
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Standard NBC 105:2020, utilizing both static and dynamic linear analysis methods
(Response Spectrum) via ETABS 2019.0.2 to evaluate the building’s response to lateral
loads. The design load considerations, in line with the applicable codes, include dead loads
from permanent components, live loads based on occupancy, and seismic loads from
potential earthquakes at the site. Various load combinations were analyzed to determine the
maximum design stresses.

1.4. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF THE BUILDING

The structural system chosen is Building with SMRFs. Columns and beams have been
laid out in plan in coordination with architectural and services planning that acts jointly support
and transmit to the ground those forces arising from earthquake motions, gravity and live load.
Its role becomes increasingly important with the increase in building height. Thus, the vital
criteria for structural systems are an adequate reserve of strength against failure, adequate
lateral stiffness, and an efficient performance during the service life of the building. The
determination of the structural forms of a building involves the selection and arrangement of
the major structural elements to resist most efficiently the various combinations of gravity and
horizontal loadings. The choice of structural form is strongly influenced by the internal
planning, the material and method of construction, the external architectural treatment, the
location and routing of service systems, the nature and magnitude of the horizontal loading,
and the height and proportion of the building.

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2.0. GENERAL DATA FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Grade of Concrete and Cover to the Reinforcement is provided according to the
provisions of the Indian Code. The appropriate grade of concrete and nominal cover to
reinforcement is governed by the following main considerations:

i. Durability of Concrete include Fire resistance rating

ii. Corrosion Protection of the Reinforcement
iii. Bar Size
iv. Nominal maximum aggregate size

2.1. GRADE OF CONCRETE

The Indian Code IS: 456-2000, permits a minimum grade of concrete for reinforced
concrete members as M20 and the following concrete grades shall be used for “normal”
conditions, But the Grade of Concrete considered for this Building is given below:

Table 1 Concrete Material Properties

Material Properties
Grade fck, [MPa] 20, 25 (See General feature table for more
detail)
Youngs Modulus E, [Mpa] 22360, 50000
Co-efficient of thermal expansion 0.0000117 per 0C
Basic shrinkage strain Refer IS 456:200
Basic Creep Factor Refer IS 456:200
Poisson’s Ratio 0.3
Density 24 kN/m3 (plain concrete)
25 kN/m3 (reinforced concrete)

2.2. REINFORCEMENT STEEL

All reinforcing steel to be used in the structural elements shall have a yield stress of 500
MPa, (Thermo-Mechanically Treated bars), conforming to IS: 1786-1985.

Table 2 Reinforcement Properties

Bar Elastic Modulus [MPa] Yield Strength, fy [MPa]

Stirrups and Ties 200,000 500
Longitudinal Bars 200,000 500

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Figure 1 Hook’s Law

Figure 2 Beam and Column Sections

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2.3. CLEAR COVER

Clear cover to the main reinforcement in the various structural elements shall be as
follows:

a. Footings (Bottom): 50 mm
b. Footings (Top and Sides): 50 mm
c. Secondary Beam: 25 mm
d. Columns: 40 mm
e. Beams: 25 mm or bar diameter whichever is greater
f. Slabs: 20 mm or bar diameter whichever is greater

2.4. REFERENCE CODES

Many international standard codes of practice were adopted for the creation of
mathematical models, their analysis, and design. As per the requirement, the National Building
Code was used for the load combination in order to check for the worst-case during analysis.
Some of the codes used are enlisted below:
A. Loading

Code Description
IS 875: 1987 Part I Dead Loads
IS 875: 1987 Part II Imposed Loads
IS 875: 1987 Part V Special Loads and Combinations

B. Design of Earthquake Resistance

Code Description
NBC 105:2020 Nepal National Building code – Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
IS 1893:2016 Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures
Code of practice for earthquake resistant design and construction of
IS 4326:2013
buildings

C. Design of Concrete Elements

Code Description
IS 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete (Reaffirmed in 2016)
Specification for high strength deformed steel bars and wires for
IS 1786:2008
concrete reinforcement
SP-16 Design aids for reinforced concrete
SP-34 Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing

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D. Design of Foundations

Code Description
Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Foundations
IS 1904
in Soil - General requirements
Indian Standard code of practice for design and construction of raft foundation
IS 2950 (Part - I)
Indian Standard code of practice for design and construction of pile
IS 2911 foundations
IS 2974 Code of practice for design and construction of machine foundation

E. Detailing of Structures

Code Description
NBC105:2020 Nepal National Building Code – Seismic Design of Building in Nepal
Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete structures
IS 13920:2016
subjected to lateral forces (Reaffirmed in 2017)

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2.5. LOAD CALCULATIONS

2.5.1. Gravity Loads

Gravity loading is primarily due to the self-weight of the structure, superimposed

dead load, and occupancy of the building. The following loads have been considered for the
analysis and design of the building based on the relevant Indian Standards.

2.5.2. Live Loads

The Live Load for the building has been adopted as given IS 875 - Part II Section I Loads
for Institutional buildings.
The following values have been adopted:

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2.5.3. Dead Load

The following densities of materials have been assumed:

Unit Weight of Tile = 26.5 KN/m3

Thickness of Tile = 0.015 m
Total Weight per m2 = 0.3975 KN/m2

Unit weight of Mortar = 20.4 KN/m3

Thickness of Mortar = 0.038 m
Total Weight per m2 = 0.7752 KN/m2

Unit weight of Ceiling plaster = 20.4 KN/m3

Thickness of Plaster = 0.012 m
Total Weight per m2 = 0.2448 KN/m2

Total floor Finish per m 2 = 1.42 KN/m2

So, Floor Finish= 1.5 KN/m2

2.5.4. Seismic Load

[Link]. Seismic Coefficient Method

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The basic seismic input shall be determined from NBC 105:2020 based earthquake is used as
Design Basis Earthquake in code-based design.

Inertial loads due to earthquakes will be applied at the mass centres of each level. These forces
would be either calculated manually or auto-generated by using the Auto Seismic Loads
function of the software ETABS version 19.0.2 and used for analysis. For all structures, the
seismic base will be considered at the foundation level.

The Lateral loads for the all building would be resisted by special moment resisting frames.

The equivalent Seismic coefficient method shall be used depending on the building height
and geometric configuration as specified in clause 3.2.1 of NBC 105:2020. Appropriate
actions would be taken as recommended by the NBC code for Structural irregularities. The
appropriate percentage of imposed load will be considered in seismic weight calculations as
per clause 5.2 of NBC 105:2020.

[Link].1. Seismic Zoning Factor (Z)

The country is subdivided into different seismic zones based on local seismic hazard. The
seismic hazard within zone is assumed to be constant. The value of Z can be obtained from
the table 4-5 (NBC105:2020) for selected Municipalities.

[Link].2. Importance classes and Importance Factor (I)

Structure is categorised into three classes depending on the consequences of their loss of
function. The importance classes are characterized by an importance factor I which is given
in Table 4-6 (NBC105:2020)

[Link].3. The Ductility factor

The ductility factor (Rμ) shall be chosen to be consistent with the structural system and the
structural member connection detailing. The value of Rμ for various type of structures are
taken from Table 5-2 (NBC105:2020, Cl- 5.3.1)

[Link].4. Over strength Factor

The over-strength factor Ω for Ultimate limit state is adopted from Table 5-2 for appropriate
structural system. Similarly, the over –strength factor Ω for Serviceability Limit State is also
taken from Table 5-2 NBC105:2020(Cl-5.4.1, 5.4.2)

(Note: Seismic load calculation has been done separately for each block, See section 4)

[Link]. Dynamic Analysis:

Linear dynamic analysis was performed to obtain the design later force i.e. design seismic base
shear and its distribution to different levels along the height of the building, and to various
lateral load resisting elements by response spectrum method with the use of design acceleration
spectrum specified. The spectral shape factor for the relevant soil type is obtained from Figure-
4-2. And the equation is given in Cl-4.1(2).

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Figure 3 Spectral Shape Factor, Ch (T) for Model Response Spectrum Method

2.5.5. Wind Loads

Wind and seismic loads shall not be taken to act simultaneously.

2.6. Soft Storey

A soft storey can be detected by comparing the stiffness of adjacent storeys.

Soft storeys are present in buildings with open fronts on the ground floor or tall storeys.

Figure 4 Open Ground Storey and Bare Frame

There is no soft storey in the proposed building since no storey level has changed in
mass and stiffness in considerate amount.

2.7. LOAD COMBINATIONS

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When the Seismic load effect is combined with other load effects, the following load
combinations are adopted. (Cl_3.6.1, NBC105:2020)

2.7.1. Static load combination for Limit State Method

The static load condition according to NBC105:2020 clause 3.6 are given below:
 1.2DL+1.5LL
 DL + λLL ± EQx
 DL + λLL ± EQy

Where,

DL: Dead Load, LL: Live Load

EQX: Earthquake Load along X-axis
EQY: Earthquake Load along Y-axis
λ= 0.6 for storage facilities
=0.3 for other facilities

Figure 5 Various Static Load Combination

2.7.2. Dynamic Load Combination

The dynamic Load conditions are given below:

 1.2DL+1.5LL
 DL + λLL+ RSx

Where,

DL: Dead Load, LL: Live Load

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RSX: Response Spectrum along the X-axis

RSY: Response Spectrum along the Y-axis
λ= 0.6 for storage facilities
=0.3 for other facilities

The number of modes to be used in the analysis should be such that the sum of total modal
masses of all modes considered is at least 90 Percent of the total seismic mass and missing
mass correction beyond 33 Percent.
The percentage of live load (storage type) to be taken for calculating seismic weight =60% for
live load intensity and live Load for other purposes is taken as 30%for live load intensity [Table
5.1, NBC105:2020].
The live load on the roof need not be considered for calculating the seismic weight of the
building.
For analysis, seismic forces are applied in the model of the building in ETABS. Hence, the
manual calculations of seismic weight, base shear and seismic forces have not been shown.
However, the ETABS output for the Seismic Weight and Base Shear is shown.

Figure 6 Mass Source

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3.0. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROCEDURE

Space frame analysis using ETABS 2019.0.2software has been undertaken to obtain
refined results for all load combinations in accordance with NBC105:2020

The RCC design shall be based on IS: 456-2000 Code of practice for plain and
reinforced concrete, following Limit state philosophy. Structural design for typical members
has been done for the combination of loads that produces maximum stress in the structural
elements, and in turn, requires maximum reinforcing steel provisions.

The design of Columns and Beams is done directly using ETABS 2019.0.2design
software, foundation is designed by Worksheets. The design of the Slab is done by
Worksheets in Excel. The size of columns and beams are provided as per requirement.

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4.0. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1. DESIGN OF CLASSROOM BLOCK

4.1.1. General Layout of Building

The architectural plan of the building consists of 3 floors and a staircase cover. The
classroom block has divided into two part “Part 1 and Part 2” with expansion joint.
Separate analysis has carried out for both parts. (See structural and architectural drawing for
more details)

Figure 7 General Layout Plan of Building

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4.1.2. General information on the structural elements of the building

Table 3 General Information on Structural Element

Grade of
Elements Description
Concrete Remarks
Column 550mm x 550mm M25
Main Beam 350mm x550mm M25
Secondary Beam 250mm x 400mm M25
Plinth Beam 300mm x 500mm M25
Main Slab 125mm M25
Bearing Capacity of
Soil = 100 KN/m2 &
Foundation Isolated Footing M25
Settlement =25 mm.
(Assumed)

4.1.3. Load calculation and applications

[Link]. Wall Load calculation

Table 4 Wall load Calculation

Wall load caluclation

Unit weight of brick Masonry = 19.2 KN/m3 (brick masonry with plaster )
Storey Height = 3.6 m
Depth of beam = 0.55 m
Thicknes of main wall = 0.23 m
Thicknes of main wall = 0.115 m
Thicknes of Partation wall = 0.115 m (under slab)
Main wall Load = 13.48 KN/m 13.5 KN/m
Main wall Load = 6.74 KN/m 6.8 KN/m
230mm wall with 20% openning = 10.80 KN/m 10.8 KN/m
115mm wall with 20% openning = 5.40 KN/m 5.4 KN/m
Partation wall under slab = 7.80 KN/m 7.8 KN/m
Partation wall with 20% openning = 6.40 KN/m 6.4 KN/m

[Link]. Seismic load calculation

The classroom block has divided into two part “Part 1 and Part 2” with expansion joint.
Separate analysis has carried out for both parts. Separate calculation based on height has
been carried out. However, only one calculation has shown in this report.

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The following parameters were used for Seismic coefficient calculation.

Table 5 Seismic Loading Parameter

Parameters Value
Zone factor, Z 0.35 (Bardagoriya)
Importance factor 1.25
Soil type C
Ductility factor 4 (SMRF)
Over strength factor 1.5

[Link].1. Ultimate Limit State

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Figure 8 Seismic coefficient (Ultimate Limit State)

[Link].2. Serviceability Limit State

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Figure 9 Seismic coefficient (Serviceability Limit state)

[Link]. Floor Finish load

Figure 10 Floor finishes

[Link]. Live Load (Normal)

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Figure 11 Live Load

[Link]. Wall Load

Figure 12 Wall Load

[Link]. Staircase Load

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Input Parameter
Length of first landing L1 = 0.00 m
Length of second landing L2 = 1.50 m
Going length For AB G1 = 3.30 m
Width of Support b = 0.30 m
Riser R = 0.15 m
Tread T = 0.3 m
Nos N = 18

Loads Calculation
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
Thickness of Waist Slab = 175 mm
Thickness of Landing Slab = 175 mm
Load on going:
2
Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
Total Length of Waist Slab = 6.60 m
Width of Waist Slab = 1.75 m
Weight due to floor finishes = 17.33 KN
Weight of waist slab = 50.53 KN
Weight of steps = 17.72 KN
Total Dead load on Waist Slab (W1) = 85.575 KN
2
Live load Intensity = 4 KN/m
Total Live load (L1) = 46.200 KN

Load on landing:
2
Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
Total Length of landing = 4.00 m
Width of Landing = 1.50 m
Weight due to floor finishes = 9.00 KN
Dead Weight of Landing slab = 26.25 KN
Total Dead load on Landing Slab (W2) = 35.250 KN
2
Live load Intensity = 4 KN/m
Total Live load (L2) = 24.00 KN

Total Load
Total Dead load (W) = W1+W2
= 120.83 KN
Total Live Load (L) = L1+L2
= 70.20 KN
Length of beam = 4.5 m
Udl on Each Beam due Dead load = 6.8 KN/m
Udl on Each Beam due Live Load 3.9 KN/m

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Figure 13 Staircase Load

[Link]. 3D View of Building

Figure 14 3D Rendered View of the Building

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4.1.4. Design Output and Design Check

[Link]. Auto Seismic Load for Part 1

Figure 15 Auto Seismic Load (Ultimate State)

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Figure 16 Auto Lateral Load (Serviceability State)

[Link]. Auto Seismic Load for Part 2

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Figure 17 Auto-Seismic Load (ultimate state)

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Figure 18 Auto-Seismic Load (Serviceability state)

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4.1.5. Axial Force Diagram

Figure 19 Axial Force Diagram

4.1.6. Shear Force Diagram

Figure 20 Shear Force Diagram

4.1.7. Bending Moment Diagram

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Figure 21 Bending Moment Diagram

4.1.8. Model Mass Participation Ratio

A sufficient number of modes shall be included in the analysis at least 90% of the total
seismic weight in the direction of lateral force.

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Figure 22 Model Mass Participation Ratio for part 1

Figure 23 Model Mass Participation for Part 2

90% mode participation in exactly 06 modes

Corresponding Period (T) = 0.17secs
Corresponding frequency (f) = 1/T = 5.5Hz
As per NBC105:2020 Clause 7.3, f<33 Hz, which is OK.

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4.1.9. Torsional Irregularity Check

Torsion irregularity is considered to exist where the maximum horizontal displacement of

any floor in the direction of the lateral force (applied at the center of mass) at one end of the
story is more than 1.5 times its minimum horizontal displacement at the far end of the same
story in that direction.

Table 6 Torsional Irregularity Check for part 1

Torsional Irregularity Check

Storey EQX EQY Dmax Dmin Ratios Check
R1 R2 R3 R4 X Y X Y X Y <1.5

1F 10.48 8.89 9.01 12.84 10.48 12.84 8.89 9.01 1.18 1.4 OKAY
2F 25.52 21.73 21.78 31.08 25.52 31.08 21.73 21.78 1.17 1.4 OKAY
3F 35.58 30.41 43.2 30.21 35.58 43.2 30.41 30.21 1.17 1.4 OKAY
Dmax/Dmin<1.5 (NBC105:2020-Clause [Link])

Table 7 Torsional Irregularity Check for Part2

Torsional Irregularity Check

Storey EQX EQY Dmax Dmin Ratios Check
R1 R2 R3 R4 X Y X Y X Y <1.5

1F 10.29 8.1 9.16 11.67 10.29 11.67 8.1 9.16 1.27 1.27 OKAY
2F 25.56 20.1 23.2 28.52 25.56 28.52 20.07 23.2 1.27 1.23 OKAY
3F 36.72 28.8 34.0 40.12 36.72 40.12 28.78 33.98 1.28 1.18 OKAY
TF 42.709 35.4 37.7 29.32 42.709 37.71 35.35 29.32 1.21 1.29 OKAY
Dmax/Dmin<1.5 (NBC105:2020-Clause [Link])

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4.1.10. Mass Irregularity Check

A difference of more than 50% between the effective masses of two consecutive stories is
considered as mass irregularity. Light roofs, penthouse, and mezzanine floors need not be
considered.

Mass (Weight Irregularity)

Mass X Direction
Mi Mi
Story Mass X Check Check
Mi+1 Mi-1
3F 179862.11 - - - -
2F 301715.72 1.68 - 1.00 Regular
1F 301715.72 1.00 Regular - -

Mass (Weight Irregularity)

Mass Y Direction
Mi Mi
Story Mass Y Check Check
Mi+1 Mi-1
3F 179862.11 - - - -
2F 301715.72 1.68 - 1.00 Regular
1F 301715.72 1.00 Regular - -
Figure 24 Mass Irregularity Check for Part1

Mass (Weight Irregularity)

Mass X Direction
Mi Mi
Story Mass X Check Check
Mi+1 Mi-1
4F 26890.76 - - - -
3F 176284.32 6.56 - 0.72 Regular
2F 245212.75 1.39 Regular 0.98 Regular
1F 249650.56 1.02 Regular - -

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Mass (Weight Irregularity)

Mass Y Direction
Mi Mi
Story Mass Y Check Check
Mi+1 Mi-1
4F 26890.76 - - - -
3F 176284.32 6.56 - 0.72 Regular
2F 245212.75 1.39 Regular 0.98 Regular
1F 249650.56 1.02 Regular - -
Figure 25 Mass Irregularity check for Part 2

4.1.11. Soft Storey Check and Weak Storey Check

A soft story is the one whose stiffness of the lateral-force-resisting system is less than 70% of
the lateral-force-resisting system stiffness in an adjacent story above or below, or less than
80% of the average lateral-force-resisting system stiffness of the three stories above or
below.

Stiffness Irregularity Check in X-Direction

Soft-Story Irregularity Check
Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-3 )

Ki Ki
Story Stiffness Ki+1 check Kmi check
X-Direction
0.7 0.8

3F 59872.45 - -

2F 85334.61 1.43 Regular

1F 155535.36 1.82 Regular

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Stiffness Irregularity Check in Y-Direction

Soft-Story Irregularity Check

Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-3 )
Ki Ki
Story Stiffness Ki+1 check Kmi check
Y-Direction
0.7 0.8

3F 63593.27 - -

2F 89408.24 1.41 Regular

1F 160705.57 1.80 Regular

Figure 26 Soft Storey check for part 1

Stiffness Irregularity Check in X-Direction

Soft-Story Irregularity Check

Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-3 )
Ki Ki
Story Stiffness Ki+1 check Kmi check
X-Direction

0.7 0.8

4F 18063.05 - -

3F 66849.15 3.70 Regular

2F 85915.90 1.29 Regular

1F 155288.26 1.81 Regular 56942.70 2.73 Regular

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Stiffness Irregularity Check in Y-Direction

Soft-Story Irregularity Check

Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-3 )
Ki Ki
Story Stiffness Ki+1 check Kmi check
Y-Direction

0.7 0.8

4F 18333.27 - -

3F 65445.91 3.57 Regular

2F 84416.02 1.29 Regular

1F 153098.12 1.81 Regular 56065.06 2.73 Regular

Figure 27 Soft Storey check for Part 2

There is no abrupt change in the column sizes from one storey to another storey and no
significant geometrical irregularities. Thus, weak or soft storey does not exist.

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4.1.12. Maximum Storey Displacement

[Link]. Ultimate Limit State

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Figure 28 Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQX(u)

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Figure 29Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQY(u)

Permissible displacement = 0.025 /4 *10.8*1000 = 67.5mm

Actual maximum displacement = 43.2 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe

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[Link]. Serviceability Limit State

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Figure 30 Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQX(s)

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Figure 31Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQY(s)

Permissible displacement = 0.006 x 10.8x1000 = 64.8 mm

Actual maximum displacement =41.47 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe.

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4.1.13. Maximum Storey Drift

[Link]. Ultimate Limit State

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Figure 32 Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQX (u)

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Figure 33Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQY (u)

The maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.025 (Clause 5.6.3) for Ultimate
Limit State.
The maximum story drift of the building is 0.0051*4=0.0204<0.025 (OK)
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

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[Link]. Serviceability Limit State

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Figure 34 Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQX(s)

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Figure 35Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQY(s)

The maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.006(Clause 5.6.3) for
Serviceability Limit State.
Maximum drift ratio = 0.0048<0.006 (OK)
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

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4.1.14. Section Verification

Figure 36 Section Verification

4.1.15. SUPPORT REACTION

Figure 37 Support Reaction for DL+LL Combination

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4.1.16. Design of Structural Element

[Link]. Design of Column

[Link].1. ETABS Definition

Section of columns & SECTION Details of size 550x550mm

Figure 38 Column section in ETABS

[Link].2. Design summary of column

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

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Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
COL:550X55 DL+0.3LLn+0.6LLs+
1F C10 40 0 3600 0.748
0 EQy

Section Properties
Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
550 550 58 30

Material Properties
[Link] Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
154.4841 -93.1227 430.5636 3.7746 3.7746 5034 1.66

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

Minimum
K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment
Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m
kN-m
Major
0.670126 3050 258.1653 0 3.7746
Bend(M3)
Minor
0.673874 3050 -45.7127 0 3.7746
Bend(M2)

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 141.3101 178.1822 108.2393 105.3819 609.64
Minor, Vu3 81.0376 179.7807 108.2393 81.0376 609.64

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

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Major Ratio Minor Ratio

N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS [Link])

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
3025 50.3 5290.9262 1650.1405 154.4841 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3
Yes 0.847 550 3.716 12 No 0
)
Minor Bending (M2
Yes 0.847 550 3.737 12 No 0
)

[Link].3. Dimension limit Check

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[Link].4. Anchorage Length Requirement Check

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[Link].5. Ductile design of Column

For Sample calculation, detail ductile design has been shown below:

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DUCTILE DESIGN OF COLUMN USING NBC 105:2020 / IS 1320:2016

Grade of concrete (fck) = M 25
Grade of steel (fy) = Fe500
The details of the column and beam reinforcement meeting at the joint

1 COLUMN DETAILS
Size of column Provided = 550 x 550 mm
Reinforcement Provided % = 1.36 %
Clear Cover of column = 40 mm
Clear Height of Column (Hst) = 3.60 m
Effective cover(d') = 58 mm
Gross Area of column (Ag) = 302500 mm²

2 PLASTIC MOMENT FORMATION AT BEAM END

a Earthquake in X direction
Longitudinal Beam
Size of Transverse beam = 350 x 550 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.64 %
Bottom = 0.45 %
Effective cover(d') = 41 mm
Effective depth(d) = 509 mm
Ast,top = 1143 mm²
Ast bottom = 804 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 6.00 m
Left Beam (Sagging Moment)
bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1800 mm
For Xu <Df,
Xu = 22 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

Since Xu<Df so
Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 174.89 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]
[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.b)]
Right Beam (Hogging Moment)
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 234.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
2
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 301.51 KN-m [M u,lim = 0.133f ck bd (for Fe500)]
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1688 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')]
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 301.51 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

bl
Hogging Moment Capcity (M ) = 301.51 KN-m
br
Sagging Moment capacity (M ) = 174.89 KN-m

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For 8 mm stirrups
Ash = 50.27 mm² (Area of stirrups)
Ag = 550 x 550
= 302500mm²
Acc = (550-40-40)*(550-40-40)
= 220900mm²
Now,
50 = max of {0.18 x Sv x144.5 x 25 x ((302500/220900)-1)}
500
OR
= 0.05 x Sv x 144.5x25
500
Sv = Min (104.64,139.16)
= 105 mm
Spacing = 75 mm
Provide 8 dia Confining links @ 75 c/c
Required Length of Special Confining Reinforcement
Lo = Maximum (Dc ; lcl/6 ;450 mm)
Where , Dc = Longest Cross Sectionl Dimension of Column
Lcl = Clear length of Column
Lo = 550 mm
Provide Confining Reinforcement for the distance of Lo= 550mm at either side of Joint

[Link].6. Longitudinal reinforcement of column

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Figure 39 Rebar Percentages of Column

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4.1.17. Design of Beam

[Link]. ETABS Definition

Main Beam:350x550 mm

Figure 40 Beam size in ETABS

[Link]. Flexural and Shear Design of Beam

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Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
MB:350x55 DL+0.3LLn+0.6LLs+
1F B15 108 5725 6000 1
0 EQx

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
350 550 350 0 34 34

Material Properties
[Link] Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

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ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-209.0556 26.9846 143.3391 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-209.0556 40.817 0 -249.8726

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2
-249.8726 1305 0 1305 433
Axis)
Bottom (-2
0 653 0 0 653
Axis)

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
179.4783 0 302.8364 99.7125 1626.33

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
26.9846 143.3391 302 502 887.9

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Max Shear reinforcement = 2598mm2/m

Area of 8 mm stirrups = π*102/4= 78 mm2
No of Legged Provided = 4
Total Area of Stirrups = 4* 78=314 mm 2
Required Spacing = 314*1000/2598= 121 mm
Provide lateral ties 10φ (4L) @100mm c/c at both edges and 10φ (4L) @150mm c/c at mid-
span. (For more detail, See structural Drawing)

4.1.18. Design of beam column capacity ratio

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INTERIOR BEAM-COUMN JOINT DESIGN USING NBC105:2020 Cl.4.4

Grade of concrete (fck) = M 25
Grade of steel (fy) = Fe500
The details of the column and beam reinforcement meeting at the joint

COLUMN DETAILS
Size of column Provided = 550 x 550 mm
Reinforcement Provided % = 1.36 %
Clear Cover of column = 40 mm
Clear Height of Column (Hst) = 3.60 m
Effective cover(d') = 60 mm
1 LONGITUDINAL BEAM
Size of Transverse beam = 350 x 550 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.64 %
Bottom = 0.44 %
Effective cover(d') = 39 mm
Effective depth(d) = 511 mm
Ast,top = 1143 mm²
Ast bottom = 791 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 6.00 m
Left Beam (Sagging Moment)
bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1800 mm
For Xu <Df,
Xu = 21 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

Since Xu<Df so
Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 172.80 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]
[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.b)]
Right Beam (Hogging Moment)
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 235.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
2
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 303.88 KN-m [M u,lim = 0.133f ck bd (for Fe500)]
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1695 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')]
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 303.88 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

Hogging Moment Capcity (Mh) = 303.88 KN-m

Sagging Moment capacity (Ms ) = 172.80 KN-m

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Development of forces in the joint due to beam Reinforcemnet for sway to right and left
Force developed in the top bars
T1 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
= 1030.44 x 1.25 x 500
= 644.03 KN
= C1
The factor 1.25 is to account for the actual
ultimate strength being higher than the actual
yield strength

Development of forces in the joint due to beam Reinforcemnet for sway to right and left
Force developed in the bottom bars

T2 = Ast x 1.25 x fy
= 804.25 x 1.25 x 500
= 502.66 KN
= C2

Vjoint = T1+C2-Vcol
= 644.03 + 502.66 - 490.05
Vjoint = 656.64 KN
Maximum value of T1and minimum value of Vcol
are used in the above equation

b Check for Joint Shear Strength

The Calculation of the effective width of the joint and the design shear strength
of the joint is based on IS 13920
The effective width of the joint is lesser of the
bj = bb+0.5 x hc
bj = bc
Where
hc = Full depth of column
bb = Width of beam
bc = Effective Width of column

bj = 350 + 550/2= 625 mm

bj = 550 mm

Effective shear area of the joint =

Aej = bj x h
Aej = Effective Shear Area of joint = 550 x 550
Shear strength Vjc = 1.5𝑥√(𝑓𝑐𝑘 ) x Ac
= 1.5 x25^0.5 x 550 x 550
= 2268.75 KN
= 2268.75>656.64 HENCE SAFE

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4.1.19. Design of Slab

Sample Design of Two Way Slab (Using Excel

Sheet)
Input Parameters:-
Characteristics Compressive Strength of
Concrete Fck = 25 N/mm2
Grade of Steel Fy = 500 N/mm2
Slab ID # 23-BC
Width of Support = 0.30 m
Unit Weight of RCC g = 25 KN/m3
Case:- 1.1 INTERIOR PANELS

1. Calculation of Effective & Overall Thickness:-

Clear Span
Length of Slab along Shorter Direction Lx = 2.50 m
Length of Slab along Longer Direction Ly = 3.00 m
Let us Take, Modification Factor g = 1.5
Effective Thickness of Slab d = 64 mm
Adopt Effective Thickness d = 102 mm
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Clear Cover = 15 mm
Total Depth D = 125 mm

2. Calculation of Effective Length:-

Effective Length of Slab along Shorter
Direction Lxeff. = 2.65 m
Effective Length of Slab along Longer
Direction Lyeff. = 3.15 m
Lyeff.
Lx = = 1.19
Lxeff.
Lyeff.
< 2
Lxeff.
Hence Two-Way Slab is to be Designed

3. Calculation of Designed Moment and Shear: -

Design Loads
3.125
Self-Weight = KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.50 KN/m2
Partition Load = 1.50 KN/m2
Live Load = 4.00 KN/m2
10.13
Total Design Load = KN/m2
15.19
Total Factored Load Wu = KN/m2

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From IS 456:2000 Table 26

for Shorter Span
Coefficient for Negative Moment ax = -0.0424
Coefficient for Positive Moment ax = 0.0424
for Longer Span
Coefficient for Negative Moment ay = -0.032
Coefficient for Positive Moment ay = 0.032
Design Negative Moment for Shorter Span = 4.52 KN-m
Design Positive Moment for Shorter Span = 4.52 KN-m
Design Negative Moment for Longer Span = 3.41 KN-m
Design Positive Moment for Longer Span = 3.41 KN-m
Design Moment is the Maximum Moment of
Above Mu = 4.52 KN-m
Xulim = 49 mm
Mulim = 35.88 KN-m
Here Mulim > Mu
Singly Reinforced Section Can be Designed.

4. Design for Negative Moment :-

Minimum Ast =0.12% of bd Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Reinforcement In Shorter Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d2))^1/2] Pt = 0.10 %
Required Ast Ast = 102.00 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 492.80 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
O.K.
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %

Reinforcement In Longer Direction

Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.08 %
Required Ast Ast = 81.60 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 81.60 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 616.00 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm

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Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2

Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %

5. Design for Positive Moment :-

Reinforcement In Shorter Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.10 %
Required Ast Ast < 102.00 mm2
Use Ast = Astmin
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 492.80 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %
Reinforcement In Longer Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.08 %
Required Ast Ast = 81.60 mm2
Here Ast < Astmin
Use Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 616.00 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %

[Link] for Shear Along Shorter Direction :-

Design Shear Vu = 13.43 KN
Design Shear Strength tv = 0.13 N/mm2
From IS:456-2000 Table:-19
Shear Stress in Concrete for Pt=0.39% tc = 0.43 N/mm2
Enahancement Factor for Slab Thickness Less Than
148 mm = 1.3
Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete tc = 0.56 N/mm2
tc > tv
Hence Safe in One Way
Shear

[Link] for Deflection Control :-

fs=0.58*fy*Ast required/ Ast provided 60.02
= N/mm2

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Modification Factor = 6.04

2
l
Max = 46.0
d
l Provide
= 25.98
d d
l Max l
Provided
d > d
Hence Safe In Deflection
Check

4.1.20. Design of foundation

a) Concrete Grade = 25 MPa

b) Rebar Grade = 500 MPa
c) Footing thickness provided =450mm
d) Footing Settlement: 25mm
e) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction:
Based on Bowles, “FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN” Chapter 10.5
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction = Allowable Bearing Capacity
*Factor of Safety/Deflection
= 100*3/ (25/1000) = 12000KN/m3
The footing thickness provided is 450mm and 550mm

[Link]. Analysis output

[Link].1. Soil Pressure diagram for DL+LL combination

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Figure 41 Soil Pressure for DL+LL Combination

Maximum Soil Pressure obtained is 95 KN/m2 which is lower than Soil bearing
capacity (100 KN/m2). Hence, soil pressure is satisfied for DL+LL load combination.

[Link]. Deflection Check

Figure 42 Deflection Diagram for DL+LL combination

Maximum Deflection obtained is -7.91mm which is lower than Isolated Foundation

Deflection (25 mm). Hence, Deflection is satisfied for DL+LL load combination.

[Link]. Punching Shear Check

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Figure 43Punching Shear Capacity Ratio

Maximum Punching Shear obtained is lower than 1. Hence, Punching Shear is

satisfied.
[Link]. Design of Footing Slab:

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Figure 44: Reinforcement Intensity in X direction

Figure 45 Reinforcement Intensity in Y direction

[Link]. Reinforcement provided in Foundation

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Figure 46 Reinforcement provided in Foundation

Please refer structural Drawing for further details.

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4.1.21. Design of Staircase

Sample staircase design

Input Parameter
2
Grade of concrete fck = 25 N/mm
2
Grade of reinforcement fy = 500 N/mm
Length of first landing L1 = 0.00 m
Length of second landing L2 = 1.50 m
Going length For AB G1 = 3.30 m
Width of Support b = 0.30 m
Riser R = 0.15 m
Tread T = 0.3 m

Effective span
Flight AB l = 5.07 m
th th
Thickness of waist slab is to be 1/20 to 1/25 of effective span
d = 202.8 mm
Let us take, Overall depth of going D = 175 mm
Let us take, Overall depth of Landing D1 = 175 mm
Effective cover = 20 mm
Dia of bar = 16 mm
Effective depth d = 147 mm

Loads Calculation
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
Load on going:
2
Weight of waist slab = 4.89 KN/m
2
Weight of steps = 1.88 KN/m
2
Dead load = 6.766 KN/m
2
Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
2
Live load = 4 KN/m
2
Total load = 12.266 KN/m
2
Factored load = 18.40 KN/m
Load on landing:
Weight of landing slab = 4.375 KN/m
2
Live load = 4 KN/m
2
Weight of finishing = 1.5 KN/m
2
Total load = 9.875 KN/m
2
Factored load = 14.8125 KN/m

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Design of flight AB
18.40 KN/m
14.81 KN/m 14.81 KN/m

A 0.150 m 3.30 m 1.615 m B

45.10 KN 41.76 KN

Taking moment about B, Ra = 45.10 KN

Rb = 41.76 KN
Shear force is zero when, x = 2.48 m from A.
Maximum moment occurs at the point of zero shear force
Design moment, Mu = 56.56 KNm

Depth Check
d = 130.42 < 147 OK

Reinforcement
Let Ast be the area of reinforcement required.
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(Ast/bd)*(fy/fck))
Mu = 56556566 Nmm
b = 1000 mm
d = 147 mm
2
fck = 25 N/mm
2
fy = 500 N/mm
Now Solving above equation,
2
Required Ast Ast = 1028.943 mm
2
Astmin = 210 mm
Ast < Astmin
2
Hence use Ast = 210 mm
Dia of bar (ф) = 16 mm
2
Area of bar Aф = 201.06 mm
Spacing of Bar , Sv Sv = 195.41 mm
let us provide spacing of bar Sv = 125.00 mm
Provide Main bar 16mm ф @125mm c/c
2
Provided Ast = 1608.50 mm
Provided P t = 1.09 %
Distribution Steel
2
Ast =0.12 % of gross sectional area = 210 mm
Dia of bar (ф) = 10 mm
2
Area of bar Aф = 78.54 mm
Spacing of Bar , Sv Sv = 374.00 mm
let us provide spacing of bar Sv = 150.00 mm
Provide Distribution bar 10mm ф @150mm c/c
2
Provided Ast = 523.60 mm
Provided P t = 0.356 %
Check for Shear
Factored shear Vu = 45.10 KN
2
Nominal shear stress tv = 0.307 N/mm
Provided P t = 1.094 %
2
(TABLE 19, IS456:2000) for M20 tuv = 0.347 N/mm
(Cl.40.2, IS456:2000)
Permissible shear stress = ks x Τ uv
Ks = 1.07
2
tuv = 0.37 N/mm
tuv > tv HENCE SAFE

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4.2. DESIGN OF LAB BLOCK

4.2.1. General Layout of Building

The architectural plan of the building consists of 3 floors and a staircase cover.

Figure 47 General Layout Plan of Building

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4.2.2. General information on the structural elements of the building

Table 8 General Information on Structural Element

Grade of
Elements Description
Concrete Remarks
Column 550x550mm M25
Main Beam 350x550mm M25
Secondary Beam 250x400mm M25
Plinth Beam 300x500MM M25
Main Slab 125mm M25
Bearing Capacity of
Soil = 100 KN/m2 &
Foundation Isolated/Combined Footing M25
Settlement =25 mm.
(Assumed)

4.2.3. Load calculation and applications

[Link]. Wall Load calculation

Table 9 Wall load Calculation

Wall load caluclation

Unit weight of brick Masonry = 19.2 KN/m3 (brick masonry with plaster )
Storey Height = 3.5 m
Depth of beam = 0.55 m
Thicknes of main wall = 0.23 m
Thicknes of main wall = 0.35 m
Thicknes of Partation wall = 0.115 m
Main wall Load = 13.04 KN/m 13.1 KN/m
main wall with 25% openning = 9.80 KN/m 9.8 KN/m
Partation wall = 6.60 KN/m 6.6 KN/m
Partation wall with 25% openning = 5.00 KN/m 5 KN/m

[Link]. Seismic load calculation

The following parameters were used for Seismic coefficient calculation.

Table 10 Seismic Loading Parameter

Parameters Value
Zone factor, Z 0.35 (Bardagoriya)
Importance factor 1.25
Soil type C
Ductility factor 4 (SMRF)
Over strength factor 1.5

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[Link].1. Ultimate Limit State

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Figure 48 Seismic coefficient (Ultimate Limit State)

[Link].2. Serviceability Limit State

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Figure 49 Seismic coefficient (Serviceability Limit state)

[Link]. Floor Finish load

Figure 50 Floor finishes

[Link]. Live Load (Normal)

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Figure 51 Live Load

[Link]. Wall Load

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Figure 52 Wall Load

[Link]. 3D View of Building

Figure 53 3D Rendered View of the Building

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4.2.4. Design Output and Design Check

[Link]. Auto Seismic Load

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Figure 54 Auto Seismic Load (Ultimate State)

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Figure 55 Auto Lateral Load (Serviceability State)

4.2.5. Axial Force Diagram

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Figure 56 Axial Force Diagram

4.2.6. Shear Force Diagram

Figure 57 Shear Force Diagram

4.2.7. Bending Moment Diagram

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Figure 58 Bending Moment Diagram

4.2.8. Model Mass Participation Ratio

A sufficient number of modes shall be included in the analysis at least 90% of the total
seismic weight in the direction of lateral force.

Figure 59 Model Mass Participation Ratio

90% mode participation in exactly 06 modes

Corresponding Period (T) = 0.166secs
Corresponding frequency (f) = 1/T = 6.024Hz
As per NBC105:2020 Clause 7.3, f<33 Hz, which is OK.

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4.2.9. Torsional Irregularity Check

Torsion irregularity is considered to exist where the maximum horizontal displacement of

any floor in the direction of the lateral force (applied at the center of mass) at one end of the
story is more than 1.5 times its minimum horizontal displacement at the far end of the same
story in that direction.
Table 11 Torsional Irregularity Check

Torsional Irregularity Check

Storey EQX EQY Dmax Dmin Ratios Check
R1 R2 R3 R4 X Y X Y X Y <1.5

1F 7.38 7.96 9.93 11.64 7.96 11.64 7.38 9.93 1.08 1.17 OKAY
2F 18 19.6 29 24.25 19.57 29.03 18 24.25 1.09 1.2 OKAY
3F 25.51 27.9 41.7 34.3 27.91 41.65 25.51 34.3 1.09 1.21 OKAY
TF 29.13 30 37.8 34.56 30 37.84 29.13 34.56 1.03 1.09 OKAY
Dmax/Dmin<1.5 (NBC105:2020-Clause [Link])

4.2.10. Mass Irregularity Check

A difference of more than 50% between the effective masses of two consecutive stories is
considered as mass irregularity. Light roofs, penthouse, and mezzanine floors need not be
considered.
Mass (Weight Irregularity)
Mass X Direction Y Direction
Mi Mi Mi Mi
Story Mass X Mass Y Check Check Check Check
Mi+1 Mi-1 Mi+1 Mi-1
TF 24924.27 24924.27 - - - - - - - -
3F 305367.74 305367.74 - - 0.71 Regular - - 0.71 Regular
2F 431376.79 431376.79 1.41 Regular 0.93 Regular 1.41 Regular 0.93 Regular
1F 464814.71 464814.71 1.08 Regular - - 1.08 Regular - -

4.2.11. Soft Storey Check and Weak Storey Check

A soft story is the one whose stiffness of the lateral-force-resisting system is less than 70% of
the lateral-force-resisting system stiffness in an adjacent story above or below, or less than
80% of the average lateral-force-resisting system stiffness of the three stories above or
below.

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Stiffness Irregularity Check in X-Direction

Soft-Story Irregularity Check

Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-3 )
Ki Ki
Story Stiffness Ki+1 check Kmi check
X-Direction
0.7 0.8

TF 22251.61 - -

3F 126992.88 5.71 Regular

2F 188788.67 1.49 Regular

1F 322943.52 1.71 Regular 112677.72 2.87 Regular

Stiffness Irregularity Check in Y-Direction

Soft-Story Irregularity Check

Ki Kmi = avg(Ki-1,i-2,i-3 ) Ki
Story Stiffness Ki+1 check Kmi check
Y-Direction
0.7 0.8

TF 17023.27 - -

3F 115278.49 6.77 Regular

2F 155446.58 1.35 Regular

1F 280520.39 1.80 Regular 95916.11 2.92 Regular

There is no abrupt change in the column sizes from one storey to another storey and no
significant geometrical irregularities. Thus, weak or soft storey does not exist.

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4.2.12. Maximum Storey Displacement

[Link]. Ultimate Limit State

Figure 60 Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQX(u)

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Figure 61Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQY(u)

Permissible displacement = 0.025 /4 *13.5*1000 = 84.375mm

Actual maximum displacement = 35.31 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe

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[Link]. Serviceability Limit State

Figure 62 Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQX(s)

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Figure 63Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQY(s)

Permissible displacement = 0.006 x 13.5x1000 = 81 mm

Actual maximum displacement =33.9 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe.

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4.2.13. Maximum Storey Drift

[Link]. Ultimate Limit State

Figure 64 Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQX (u)

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Figure 65Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQY (u)

The maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.025/4=0.00625 (Clause 5.6.3) for
Ultimate Limit State whereas the maximum story drift of the building is 0.004
Maximum drift ratio = 0.004
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

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[Link]. Serviceability Limit State

Figure 66 Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQX(s)

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Figure 67Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQY(s)

The maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.006(Clause 5.6.3) Serviceability
Limit State whereas the maximum story drift of the building is 0.0039
Maximum drift ratio = 0.0039
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

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4.2.14. Section Verification

Figure 68 Section Verification

4.2.15. SUPPORT REACTION

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Figure 69 Support Reaction for DL+LL Combination

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4.2.16. Design of Structural Element

[Link]. Design of Column

[Link].1. ETABS Definition

Section of columns & SECTION Details of size 550x550mm

Figure 70 Column section in ETABS

[Link].2. Design summary of column

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

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Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
COL:550x55 DL+0.3LLn+0.6LLs-
1F C7 24 0 3500 0.803
0 EQy

Section Properties
Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
550 550 60 30

Material Properties
[Link] Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
85.1372 -352.3732 47.0307 2.0632 2.0632 4335 1.43

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

Minimum
K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment
Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m
kN-m
Major
0.674407 2950 20.5505 0 2.0632
Bend(M3)
Minor
0.665509 2950 -204.8421 0 2.0632
Bend(M2)

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 64.8072 165.93 107.8004 64.8072 609.64
Minor, Vu3 125.0264 163.0387 107.8004 90.1195 609.64

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

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Major Ratio Minor Ratio

N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS [Link])

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
3025 43.4 5028.8002 1625.5115 85.1372 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3
Yes 0.843 550 3.617 12 No 0
)
Minor Bending (M2
Yes 0.843 550 3.57 12 No 0
)

[Link].3. Dimension limit Check

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[Link].4. Anchorage Length Requirement Check

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[Link].5. Ductile design of Column

For Sample calculation, the detailed ductile design has been shown below:

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DUCTILE DESIGN OF COLUMN USING NBC 105:2020 / IS 1320:2016

Grade of concrete (fck) = M 25
Grade of steel (fy) = Fe500
The details of the column and beam reinforcement meeting at the joint

1 COLUMN DETAILS
Size of column Provided = 550 x 550 mm
Reinforcement Provided % = 1.51 %
Clear Cover of column = 40 mm
Clear Height of Column (Hst) = 3.50 m
Effective cover(d') = 58 mm
Gross Area of column (Ag) = 302500 mm²

2 PLASTIC MOMENT FORMATION AT BEAM END

a Earthquake in X direction
Longitudinal Beam
Size of Transverse beam = 350 x 550 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.64 %
Bottom = 0.45 %
Effective cover(d') = 41 mm
Effective depth(d) = 509 mm
Ast,top = 1143 mm²
Ast bottom = 804 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 6.00 m
Left Beam (Sagging Moment)
bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1800 mm
For Xu <Df,
Xu = 22 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

Since Xu<Df so
Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 174.89 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]
[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.b)]
Right Beam (Hogging Moment)
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 234.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
2
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 301.51 KN-m [M u,lim = 0.133f ck bd (for Fe500)]
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1688 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')]
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 301.51 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

bl
Hogging Moment Capcity (M ) = 301.51 KN-m
br
Sagging Moment capacity (M ) = 174.89 KN-m

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For 8 mm stirrups
Ash = 50.27 mm² (Area of stirrups)
Ag = 550 x 550
= 302500mm²
Acc = (550-40-40)*(550-40-40)
= 220900mm²
Now,
50 = max of {0.18 x Sv x144.5 x 25 x ((302500/220900)-1)}
500
OR
= 0.05 x Sv x 144.5x25
500
Sv = Min (104.64,139.16)
= 105 mm
Spacing = 75 mm
Provide 8 dia Confining links @ 75 c/c
Required Length of Special Confining Reinforcement
Lo = Maximum (Dc ; lcl/6 ;450 mm)
Where , Dc = Longest Cross Sectionl Dimension of Column
Lcl = Clear length of Column
Lo = 550 mm
Provide Confining Reinforcement for the distance of Lo= 550mm at either side of Joint

[Link].6. Longitudinal reinforcement of column

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Figure 71 Rebar Percentages of Columns

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4.2.17. Design of Beam

[Link]. ETABS Definition

Main Beam:300x500 mm

Figure 72 Beam size in ETABS

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

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Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
MB:350x55 DL+0.3LLn+0.6LLs+
1F B22 135 3725 4000 1
0 EQy

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
350 550 350 0 40 40

Material Properties
[Link] Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
25000 25 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-199.8254 10.0058 144.7142 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-199.8254 15.1348 0 -214.9602

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2
-214.9602 1109 0 1109 428
Axis)
Bottom (-2
0 555 0 0 555
Axis)

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
199.8552 0 286.8603 162.2604 1558.66

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

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Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s

kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
19.0324 96.2368 290 490 588.85

[Link]. Flexural and Shear Design of Beam

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Max Shear reinforcement =2565mm2/m

Area of 10 mm stirrups = π*102/4= 78.53 mm2
No of Legged Provided = 4
Total Area of Stirrups = 4* 78.53=314 mm2
Required Spacing = 314*1000/2565= 122.41 mm
Provide lateral ties 10φ (4L) @100mm c/c at both edges and 10φ (4L) @150mm c/c at mid-
span. (For more detail, See structural Drawing)

4.2.18. Design of beam column capacity ratio

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INTERIOR BEAM-COUMN JOINT DESIGN USING NBC105:2020 Cl.4.4

Grade of concrete (fck) = M 25
Grade of steel (fy) = Fe500
The details of the column and beam reinforcement meeting at the joint

COLUMN DETAILS
Size of column Provided = 550 x 550 mm
Reinforcement Provided % = 1.51 %
Clear Cover of column = 40 mm
Clear Height of Column (Hst) = 3.50 m
Effective cover(d') = 60 mm
1 LONGITUDINAL BEAM
Size of Transverse beam = 350 x 550 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.64 %
Bottom = 0.45 %
Effective cover(d') = 41 mm
Effective depth(d) = 509 mm
Ast,top = 1143 mm²
Ast bottom = 804 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 6.00 m
Left Beam (Sagging Moment)
bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1800 mm
For Xu <Df,
Xu = 22 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

Since Xu<Df so
Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 174.89 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]
[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.b)]
Right Beam (Hogging Moment)
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 234.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
2
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 301.51 KN-m [M u,lim = 0.133f ck bd (for Fe500)]
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1688 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')]
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 301.51 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

Hogging Moment Capcity (Mh) = 301.51 KN-m

Sagging Moment capacity (Ms ) = 174.89 KN-m

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3 TRANSVERSE BEAM
Size of Transverse beam = 350 x 550 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.71 %
Bottom = 0.56 %
Effective cover(d') = 41 mm
Effective depth(d) = 509 mm
Ast,top = 1257 mm²
Ast, bottom = 1005 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 5.00 m

Left Beam (Sagging Moment)

bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1683 mm

For Xu <Df,
Depth of Neutral Axis Xu = 29 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.a)]

Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 217.30 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]

Right Beam (Hogging Moment)

Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 234.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 301.51 KN-m
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1688 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 301.51 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

Hogging Moment Capcity (Mh) = 301.51 KN-m

Sagging Moment capacity (Ms ) = 217.30 KN-m

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4.2.19. Design of Slab

Sample Design of Two Way Slab (Using Excel

Sheet)

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Input Parameters:-
Characteristics Compressive Strength of
Concrete Fck = 25 N/mm2
Grade of Steel Fy = 500 N/mm2
Slab ID # 23-BC
Width of Support = 0.30 m
Unit Weight of RCC g = 25 KN/m3
Case:- 2.1 One Short Edge Discontinous

1. Calculation of Effective & Overall Thickness:-

Clear Span
Length of Slab along Shorter Direction Lx = 3.00 m
Length of Slab along Longer Direction Ly = 5.50 m
Let us Take, Modification Factor g = 1.5
Effective Thickness of Slab d = 77 mm
Adopt Effective Thickness d = 102 mm
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Clear Cover = 15 mm
Total Depth D = 125 mm

2. Calculation of Effective Length:-

Effective Length of Slab along Shorter
Direction Lxeff. = 3.15 m
Effective Length of Slab along Longer
Direction Lyeff. = 5.65 m
Lyeff.
Lx = = 1.79
Lxeff.
Lyeff.
< 2
Lxeff.
Hence Two Way Slab is to be Designed

3. Calculation of Designed Moment And Shear :-

Design Loads
3.125
Self Weight = KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.50 KN/m2
Partition Load = 0.00 KN/m2
Live Load = 6.00 KN/m2
10.63
Total Design Load = KN/m2
15.94
Total Factored Load Wu = KN/m2
From IS 456:2000 Table 26
for Shorter Span
Coefficient for Negative Moment ax = -0.0653
Coefficient for Positive Moment ax = 0.04936

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for Longer Span

Coefficient for Negative Moment ay = -0.032
Coefficient for Positive Moment ay = 0.032
Design Negative Moment for Shorter Span = 10.33 KN-m
Design Positive Moment for Shorter Span = 7.81 KN-m
Design Negative Moment for Longer Span = 5.06 KN-m
Design Positive Moment for Longer Span = 5.06 KN-m
Design Moment is the Maximum Moment of
Above Mu = 10.33 KN-m
Xulim = 49 mm
Mulim = 35.88 KN-m
Here Mulim > Mu
Singly Reinforced Section Can be Designed.

4. Design for Negative Moment :-

Minimum Ast =0.12% of bd Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Reinforcement In Shorter Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d2))^1/2] Pt = 0.24 %
Required Ast Ast = 244.80 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 205.33 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
O.K.
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %

Reinforcement In Longer Direction

Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.11 %
Required Ast Ast = 112.20 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 112.20 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 448.00 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %

5. Design for Positive Moment :-

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Reinforcement In Shorter Direction

Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.18 %
Required Ast Ast < 183.60 mm2
Use Ast = Astmin
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 273.78 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %
Reinforcement In Longer Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.11 %
Required Ast Ast = 112.20 mm2
Here Ast < Astmin
Use Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 448.00 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 125mm C/C 125 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 402.12 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.39 %

[Link] for Shear Along Shorter Direction :-

Design Shear Vu = 22.87 KN
Design Shear Strength tv = 0.22 N/mm2
From IS:456-2000 Table:-19
Shear Stress in Concrete for Pt=0.39% tc = 0.43 N/mm2
Enahancement Factor for Slab Thickness Less Than
148 mm = 1.3
Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete tc = 0.56 N/mm2
tc > tv
Hence Safe in One Way
Shear

[Link] for Deflection Control :-

fs=0.58*fy*Ast required/ Ast provided 176.54
= N/mm2

Modification Factor = 1.85

2
l
Max = 42.5
d

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l Provide
= 30.88
d d
l Max l
Provided
d > d
Hence Safe In Deflection
Check

4.2.20. Design of foundation

f) Concrete Grade = 20 MPa

g) Rebar Grade = 500 MPa
h) Footing thickness provided =400
i) Footing Settlement: 25mm
j) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction:
Based on Bowles, “FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN” Chapter 10.5
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction = Allowable Bearing Capacity
*Factor of Safety/Deflection
= 100*3/ (25/1000) = 12000KN/m3
The footing thickness provided is 400mm

[Link]. Analysis output

[Link].1. Soil Pressure diagram for DL+LL combination

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Figure 73 Soil Pressure for DL+LL Combination

Maximum Soil Pressure obtained is 98.37 KN/m2 which is lower than Soil bearing
capacity (100 KN/m2). Hence, soil pressure is satisfied for DL+LL load combination.

[Link]. Deflection Check

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Figure 74 Deflection Diagram for DL+LL combination

Maximum Deflection obtained is 8.19 which is lower than Isolated Foundation

Deflection (25 mm). Hence, Deflection is satisfied for DL+LL load combination.

[Link]. Punching Shear Check

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Figure 75Punching Shear Capacity Ratio

Maximum Punching Shear obtained is lower than 1. Hence, Punching Shear is

satisfied.
[Link]. Design of Footing Slab:

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Figure 76: Reinforcement Intensity in X direction

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Figure 77 Reinforcement Intensity in Y direction

[Link]. Reinforcement provided in Foundation

Figure 78 Reinforcement provided in Foundation

Please refer structural Drawing for further details.

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4.2.21. Design of Staircase

Sample staircase design

Input Parameter
2
Grade of concrete fck = 25 N/mm
2
Grade of reinforcement fy = 500 N/mm
Length of first landing L1 = 0.85 m
Length of second landing L2 = 1.50 m
Going length For AB G1 = 3.30 m
Width of Support b = 0.30 m
Riser R = 0.15 m
Tread T = 0.3 m

Effective span
Flight AB l = 5.92 m
th th
Thickness of waist slab is to be 1/20 to 1/25 of effective span
d = 236.8 mm
Let us take, Overall depth of going D = 200 mm
Let us take, Overall depth of Landing D1 = 200 mm
Effective cover = 20 mm
Dia of bar = 16 mm
Effective depth d = 172 mm

Loads Calculation
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
Load on going:
2
Weight of waist slab = 5.59 KN/m
2
Weight of steps = 1.88 KN/m
2
Dead load = 7.465 KN/m
2
Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
2
Live load = 4 KN/m
2
Total load = 12.965 KN/m
2
Factored load = 19.45 KN/m
Load on landing:
Weight of landing slab = 5 KN/m
2
Live load = 4 KN/m
2
Weight of finishing = 1.5 KN/m
2
Total load = 10.5 KN/m
2
Factored load = 15.75 KN/m

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Design of flight AB
19.45 KN/m
15.75 KN/m 15.75 KN/m

A 1.000 m 3.30 m 1.615 m B

53.27 KN 52.09 KN

Taking moment about B, Ra = 53.27 KN

Rb = 52.09 KN
Shear force is zero when, x = 2.93 m from A.
Maximum moment occurs at the point of zero shear force
Design moment, Mu = 81.59 KNm

Depth Check
d = 156.65 < 172 OK

Reinforcement
Let Ast be the area of reinforcement required.
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(Ast/bd)*(fy/fck))
Mu = 81591824 Nmm
b = 1000 mm
d = 172 mm
2
fck = 25 N/mm
2
fy = 500 N/mm
Now Solving above equation,
2
Required Ast Ast = 1282.229 mm
2
Astmin = 240 mm
Ast < Astmin
2
Hence use Ast = 240 mm
Dia of bar (ф) = 16 mm
2
Area of bar Aф = 201.06 mm
Spacing of Bar , Sv Sv = 156.81 mm
let us provide spacing of bar Sv = 125.00 mm
Provide Main bar 16mm ф @125mm c/c
2
Provided Ast = 1608.50 mm
Provided P t = 0.94 %

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Distribution Steel
2
Ast =0.12 % of gross sectional area = 240 mm
Dia of bar (ф) = 10 mm
2
Area of bar Aф = 78.54 mm
Spacing of Bar , Sv Sv = 327.25 mm
let us provide spacing of bar Sv = 150.00 mm
Provide Distribution bar 10mm ф @150mm c/c
2
Provided Ast = 523.60 mm
Provided P t = 0.304 %
Check for Shear
Factored shear Vu = 53.27 KN
2
Nominal shear stress tv = 0.310 N/mm
Provided P t = 0.935 %
2
(TABLE 19, IS456:2000) for M20 tuv = 0.375 N/mm
(Cl.40.2, IS456:2000)
Permissible shear stress = ks x Τ uv
Ks = 1.07
2
tuv = 0.40 N/mm
tuv > tv HENCE SAFE

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4.3. DESIGN OF HOSTEL BLOCK

4.3.1. General Layout of Building

The architectural plan of the building consists of 3 floors and a staircase cover.

Figure 79 General Layout Plan of Building

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4.3.2. General information on the structural elements of the building

Table 12 General Information on Structural Element

Grade of
Elements Description
Concrete Remarks
Column 450mmx450mm M20
Main Beam 300x500mm M20
Secondary Beam 230 mm x 300 mm M20
Plinth Beam 230mmx400mm M20
Main Slab 125mm M20
Bearing Capacity of
Soil = 100 KN/m2 &
Foundation Isolated Footing M20
Settlement =25 mm.
(Assumed)

4.3.3. Load calculation and applications

[Link]. Wall Load calculation

Table 13 Wall load Calculation

Wall load caluclation

Unit weight of brick Masonry = 19.2 KN/m3 (brick masonry with plaster )
Storey Height = 3.5 m
Depth of beam = 0.5 m
Thicknes of main wall = 0.23 m
Thicknes of main wall = 0.35 m
Thicknes of Partation wall = 0.115 m
Main wall Load = 13.26 KN/m 13.3 KN/m
main wall with 25% openning = 10.00 KN/m 10 KN/m
Partation wall = 6.80 KN/m 6.8 KN/m
Partation wall with 25% openning = 5.00 KN/m 5 KN/m

[Link]. Seismic load calculation

The following parameters were used for Seismic coefficient calculation.

Table 14 Seismic Loading Parameter

Parameters Value
Zone factor, Z 0.35 (Bardagoriya)
Importance factor 1.0
Soil type C
Ductility factor 4 (SMRF)
Over strength factor 1.5

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[Link].1. Ultimate Limit State

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Figure 80 Seismic coefficient (Ultimate Limit State)

[Link].2. Serviceability Limit State

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Figure 81 Seismic coefficient (Serviceability Limit state)

[Link]. Floor Finish load

Figure 82 Floor finishes

[Link]. Live Load (Normal)

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Figure 83 Live Load

[Link]. Wall Load

Figure 84 Wall Load

[Link]. 3D View of Building

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Figure 85 3D Rendered View of the Building

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4.3.4. Design Output and Design Check

[Link]. Auto Seismic Load

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Figure 86 Auto Seismic Load (Ultimate State)

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Figure 87 Auto Lateral Load (Serviceability State)

4.3.5. Axial Force Diagram

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Figure 88 Axial Force Diagram

4.3.6. Shear Force Diagram

Figure 89 Shear Force Diagram

4.3.7. Bending Moment Diagram

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Figure 90 Bending Moment Diagram

4.3.8. Model Mass Participation Ratio

A sufficient number of modes shall be included in the analysis at least 90% of the total
seismic weight in the direction of lateral force.

Figure 91 Model Mass Participation Ratio

90% mode participation in exactly 06 modes

Corresponding Period (T) = 0.189secs
Corresponding frequency (f) = 1/T = 5.29Hz
As per NBC105:2020 Clause 7.3, f<33 Hz, which is OK.

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4.3.9. Torsional Irregularity Check

Torsion irregularity is considered to exist where the maximum horizontal displacement of

any floor in the direction of the lateral force (applied at the center of mass) at one end of the
story is more than 1.5 times its minimum horizontal displacement at the far end of the same
story in that direction.
Table 15 Torsional Irregularity Check

Torsional Irregularity Check

Storey EQX EQY Dmax Dmin Ratios Check
R1 R2 R3 R4 X Y X Y X Y <1.5

1F 6.61 6.6 10.1 10.86 6.61 10.86 6.6 10.05 1 1.08 OKAY
2F 15.09 15.2 22.8 24.75 15.17 24.75 15.09 22.83 1.01 1.08 OKAY
3F 20.69 20.9 31.2 24.69 20.85 31.21 20.69 24.69 1.01 1.26 OKAY
TF 24.64 25.2 29.3 29.32 25.21 29.33 24.64 29.32 1.02 1 OKAY
Dmax/Dmin<1.5 (NBC105:2020-Clause [Link])

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4.3.10. Maximum Storey Displacement

[Link]. Ultimate Limit State

Figure 92 Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQX(u)

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Figure 93Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQY(u)

Permissible displacement = 0.025/4 *13.5*1000 =84.375mm

Actual maximum displacement = 33.86
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe

[Link]. Serviceability Limit State

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Figure 94 Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQX(s)

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Figure 95Response Plot showing Maximum Storey Displacement due to EQY(s)

Permissible displacement = 0.006 x 13.5x1000 = 81 mm

Actual maximum displacement =32.51 mm
Permissible displacement > Actual displacement Hence Safe.

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4.3.11. Maximum Storey Drift

[Link]. Ultimate Limit State

Figure 96 Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQX (u)

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Figure 97Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQY (u)

The maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.025(Clause 5.6.3) for Ultimate
Limit State
Maximum drift ratio = 0.0039*4=0.156<0.025 OK
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

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[Link]. Serviceability Limit State

Figure 98 Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQX(s)

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Figure 99Response plot showing maximum storey drift due to EQY(s)

The maximum story drift limit based on NBC 105: 2020 is 0.006(Clause 5.6.3) Serviceability
Limit State whereas the maximum story drift of the building is 0.0038
Maximum drift ratio = 0.0038
Permissible drift > Actual drift Hence Safe

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4.3.12. Section Verification

Figure 100 Section Verification

4.3.13. SUPPORT REACTION

Figure 101 Support Reaction for DL+LL Combination

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4.3.14. Design of Structural Element

[Link]. Design of Column

[Link].1. ETABS Definition

Section of columns & SECTION Details of size 450mm x 450mm

Figure 102 Column section in ETABS

[Link].2. Design summary of column

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
COL:450x45 DL+0.3LLn+0.6LLs+
1F C1 3 0 3500 1
0 EQy

Section Properties
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Cover (Torsion)
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm)
(mm)
450 450 60.5 30

Material Properties
[Link] Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
-183.1632 177.2632 -12.5418 3.8464 3.8464 3179 1.57

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

Minimum
K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment
Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m
kN-m
Major
0.658744 3000 -5.7976 0 3.8464
Bend(M3)
Minor
0.634358 3000 86.0016 0 3.8464
Bend(M2)

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 30.3608 104.7501 70.1094 30.3608 498.8
Minor, Vu3 76.0513 104.7501 70.1094 56.0303 498.8

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS [Link])

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Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
2025 31.8 3014.5656 826.2957 -183.1632 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3
Yes 0.857 450 4.392 12 No 0
)
Minor Bending (M2
Yes 0.857 450 4.229 12 No 0
)

[Link].3. Dimension Limit Check for Column

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[Link].4. Anchorage Length Requirement Check

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[Link].5. Longitudinal reinforcement of column

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Figure 103 Rebar Percentages of Columns

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4.3.15. Design of Beam

[Link]. ETABS Definition

Main Beam:230x400 mm

Figure 104 Beam size in ETABS

[Link]. Flexural and Shear Design of Beam

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Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
MB:300x50 DL+0.3LLn+0.6LLs+
1F B2 60 4775 5000 1
0 EQy

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
300 500 300 0 38 38

Material Properties
[Link] Factor
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
(Unitless)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

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ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-115.2777 8.7973 92.676 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-115.2777 13.7997 0 -129.0774

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2
-129.0774 744 0 744 298
Axis)
Bottom (-2
0 372 0 0 372
Axis)

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
117.0778 0 181.4805 61.7626 1088.52

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
12.0755 71.2558 244 444 486.76

4.3.16. Design of beam column capacity ratio

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INTERIOR BEAM-COUMN JOINT DESIGN USING NBC105:2020 Cl.4.4

Grade of concrete (fck) = M 20
Grade of steel (fy) = Fe500
The details of the column and beam reinforcement meeting at the joint

COLUMN DETAILS
Size of column Provided = 450 x 450 mm
Reinforcement Provided % = 1.64 %
Clear Cover of column = 40 mm
Clear Height of Column (Hst) = 3.50 m
Effective cover(d') = 60 mm
1 LONGITUDINAL BEAM
Size of Transverse beam = 300 x 500 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.57 %
Bottom = 0.57 %
Effective cover(d') = 39 mm
Effective depth(d) = 461 mm
Ast,top = 791 mm²
Ast bottom = 791 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 6.00 m
Left Beam (Sagging Moment)
bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1750 mm
For Xu <Df,
Xu = 27 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

Since Xu<Df so
Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 154.74 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]
[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.b)]
Right Beam (Hogging Moment)
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 212.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
2
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 175.97 KN-m [M u,lim = 0.133f ck bd (for Fe500)]
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1088 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')]
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 175.97 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

Hogging Moment Capcity (Mh) = 175.97 KN-m

Sagging Moment capacity (Ms ) = 154.74 KN-m

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3 TRANSVERSE BEAM
Size of Transverse beam = 300 x 500 mm
% of Reinforcement Provided
Top = 0.57 %
Bottom = 0.33 %
Effective cover(d') = 39 mm
Effective depth(d) = 461 mm
Ast,top = 792 mm²
Ast, bottom = 452 mm²
Depth of flange (Df) = 125 mm
Span of beam(l0) = 5.00 m

Left Beam (Sagging Moment)

bf = l0/6+bw+6Df [IS456:2000 CL.23.1.2]
= 1633 mm

For Xu <Df,
Depth of Neutral Axis Xu = 17 mm [x u = (0.87f y A st )/(0.36f ck b f )]

[( IS 456:2000, Annex g, cl G.1.1.a)]

Sagging moment at left (MBL) = 89.28 KN-m [M u =0.87f y A st d(1-(A st f y )/b f df ck )]

Right Beam (Hogging Moment)

Limiting Depth of Neutral axis(Xu,max) = 212.10 mm [X u, max = 0.46d For Fe500]
Moment due to balanced section(Mu1) = 175.97 KN-m
Area of steel due to balanced section Ast = 1088 mm²
Area of compression steel (Asc) = 0 mm²
Moment due to compression steel Asc = 0.00 KN-m [M u -M u, lim = f sc A sc (d-d')
Hogging Moment at Right (MBR) = 175.97 KN-m [M=M u1 +M u2]

Hogging Moment Capcity (Mh) = 175.97 KN-m

Sagging Moment capacity (Ms ) = 89.28 KN-m

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4.3.17. Design of Slab

Sample Design of Two Way Slab (Using Excel

Sheet)
Input Parameters:-

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Characteristics Compressive Strength of

Concrete Fck = 20 N/mm2
Grade of Steel Fy = 500 N/mm2
Slab ID # 23-BC
Width of Support = 0.30 m
Unit Weight of RCC g = 25 KN/m3
Case:- 1.1 INTERIOR PANELS

1. Calculation of Effective & Overall Thickness:-

Clear Span
Length of Slab along Shorter Direction Lx = 3.00 m
Length of Slab along Longer Direction Ly = 5.00 m
Let us Take, Modification Factor g = 1.5
Effective Thickness of Slab d = 77 mm
Adopt Effective Thickness d = 102 mm
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Clear Cover = 15 mm
Total Depth D = 125 mm

2. Calculation of Effective Length:-

Effective Length of Slab along Shorter
Direction Lxeff. = 3.15 m
Effective Length of Slab along Longer
Direction Lyeff. = 5.15 m
Lyeff.
Lx = = 1.63
Lxeff.
Lyeff.
< 2
Lxeff.
Hence Two Way Slab is to be Designed

3. Calculation of Designed Moment And Shear :-

Design Loads
3.125
Self Weight = KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.50 KN/m2
Partition Load = 1.50 KN/m2
Live Load = 4.00 KN/m2
10.13
Total Design Load = KN/m2
15.19
Total Factored Load Wu = KN/m2
From IS 456:2000 Table 26
for Shorter Span
Coefficient for Negative Moment ax = -0.05664
Coefficient for Positive Moment ax = 0.05664
for Longer Span

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Coefficient for Negative Moment ay = -0.032

Coefficient for Positive Moment ay = 0.032
Design Negative Moment for Shorter Span = 8.54 KN-m
Design Positive Moment for Shorter Span = 8.54 KN-m
Design Negative Moment for Longer Span = 4.82 KN-m
Design Positive Moment for Longer Span = 4.82 KN-m
Design Moment is the Maximum Moment of
Above Mu = 8.54 KN-m
Xulim = 49 mm
Mulim = 28.71 KN-m
Here Mulim > Mu
Singly Reinforced Section Can be Designed.

4. Design for Negative Moment :-

Minimum Ast =0.12% of bd Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Reinforcement In Shorter Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6 BM)/(fck*b*d2))^1/2] Pt = 0.20 %
Required Ast Ast = 204.00 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 246.40 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 335.10 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
O.K.
Provided Pt Pt = 0.33 %

Reinforcement In Longer Direction

Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.11 %
Required Ast Ast = 112.20 mm2
Here Ast > Astmin
Use Ast = 112.20 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 448.00 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 335.10 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.33 %

5. Design for Positive Moment :-

Reinforcement In Shorter Direction

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Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.20 %
Required Ast Ast < 204.00 mm2
Use Ast = Astmin
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 246.40 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 335.10 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.33 %
Reinforcement In Longer Direction
Pt=50fck/fy[1-(1-(4.6
BM)/(fck*b*d^2))^1/2] Pt = 0.11 %
Required Ast Ast = 112.20 mm2
Here Ast < Astmin
Use Astmin = 150.00 mm2
Assume Diameter of Bar f = 8 mm
Area of Bar Af = 50.27 mm2
Required Spacing Sv = 448.00 mm
Provide 8 mm Dia Bar @ 150mm C/C 150 mm
Provided Ast Ast = 335.10 mm2
Provided Pt Pt = 0.33 %

[Link] for Shear Along Shorter Direction :-

Design Shear Vu = 20.95 KN
Design Shear Strength tv = 0.21 N/mm2
From IS:456-2000 Table:-19
Shear Stress in Concrete for Pt=0.33% tc = 0.40 N/mm2
Enahancement Factor for Slab Thickness Less Than
148 mm = 1.3
Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete tc = 0.52 N/mm2
tc > tv
Hence Safe in One Way
Shear

[Link] for Deflection Control :-

fs=0.58*fy*Ast required/ Ast provided 176.54
= N/mm2

Modification Factor = 2.04

2
l
Max = 46.0
d
l = 30.88

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Provide
d d
l Max l
Provided
d > d
Hence Safe In Deflection
Check
4.3.18. Design of foundation

k) Concrete Grade = 20 MPa

l) Rebar Grade = 500 MPa
m) Footing thickness provided =450mm
n) Footing Settlement: 25mm
o) Modulus of Subgrade Reaction:
Based on Bowles, “FOUNDATION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN” Chapter 10.5
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction = Allowable Bearing Capacity
*Factor of Safety/Deflection
= 100*3/ (25/1000) = 12000KN/m3
The footing thickness provided is 350mm

[Link]. Analysis output

[Link].1. Soil Pressure diagram for DL+LL combination

Figure 105 Soil Pressure for DL+LL Combination

Maximum Soil Pressure obtained is 97.4 KN/m2 which is lower than Soil bearing
capacity (100 KN/m2). Hence, soil pressure is satisfied for DL+LL load combination.

[Link]. Deflection Check

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Figure 106 Deflection Diagram for DL+LL combination

Maximum Deflection obtained is 8.11 which is lower than Isolated Foundation

Deflection (25 mm). Hence, Deflection is satisfied for DL+LL load combination.

[Link]. Punching Shear Check

Figure 107Punching Shear Capacity Ratio

Maximum Punching Shear obtained is lower than 1. Hence, Punching Shear is

satisfied.

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[Link]. Design of Footing Slab:

Figure 108: Reinforcement Intensity in X direction

Figure 109 Reinforcement Intensity in Y direction

[Link]. Reinforcement provided in Foundation

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Figure 110 Reinforcement provided in Foundation

Please refer structural Drawing for further details.

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4.3.19. Design of Staircase

Sample staircase design

Input Parameter
2
Grade of concrete fck = 20 N/mm
2
Grade of reinforcement fy = 500 N/mm
Length of first landing L1 = 0.00 m
Length of second landing L2 = 1.50 m
Going length For AB G1 = 3.00 m
Width of Support b = 0.30 m
Riser R = 0.15 m
Tread T = 0.3 m

Effective span
Flight AB l = 4.77 m
th th
Thickness of waist slab is to be 1/20 to 1/25 of effective span
d = 190.8 mm
Let us take, Overall depth of going D = 175 mm
Let us take, Overall depth of Landing D1 = 175 mm
Effective cover = 20 mm
Dia of bar = 16 mm
Effective depth d = 147 mm

Loads Calculation
3
Unit weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
Load on going:
2
Weight of waist slab = 4.89 KN/m
2
Weight of steps = 1.88 KN/m
2
Dead load = 6.766 KN/m
2
Floor finish = 1.5 KN/m
2
Live load = 4 KN/m
2
Total load = 12.266 KN/m
2
Factored load = 18.40 KN/m
Load on landing:
Weight of landing slab = 4.375 KN/m
2
Live load = 4 KN/m
2
Weight of finishing = 1.5 KN/m
2
Total load = 9.875 KN/m
2
Factored load = 14.8125 KN/m

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Design of flight AB
18.40 KN/m
14.81 KN/m 14.81 KN/m

A 0.150 m 3.00 m 1.615 m B

42.28 KN 39.06 KN

Taking moment about B, Ra = 42.28 KN

Rb = 39.06 KN
Shear force is zero when, x = 2.33 m from A.
Maximum moment occurs at the point of zero shear force
Design moment, Mu = 49.78 KNm

Depth Check
d = 136.81 < 147 OK

Reinforcement
Let Ast be the area of reinforcement required.
Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(Ast/bd)*(fy/fck))
Mu = 49784148 Nmm
b = 1000 mm
d = 147 mm
2
fck = 20 N/mm
2
fy = 500 N/mm
Now Solving above equation,
2
Required Ast Ast = 924.1978 mm
2
Astmin = 210 mm
Ast < Astmin
2
Hence use Ast = 210 mm
Dia of bar (ф) = 16 mm
2
Area of bar Aф = 201.06 mm
Spacing of Bar , Sv Sv = 217.55 mm
let us provide spacing of bar Sv = 125.00 mm
Provide Main bar 16mm ф @125mm c/c
2
Provided Ast = 1608.50 mm
Provided P t = 1.09 %

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Distribution Steel
2
Ast =0.12 % of gross sectional area = 210 mm
Dia of bar (ф) = 10 mm
2
Area of bar Aф = 78.54 mm
Spacing of Bar , Sv Sv = 374.00 mm
let us provide spacing of bar Sv = 150.00 mm
Provide Distribution bar 10mm ф @150mm c/c
2
Provided Ast = 523.60 mm
Provided P t = 0.356 %
Check for Shear
Factored shear Vu = 42.28 KN
2
Nominal shear stress tv = 0.288 N/mm
Provided P t = 1.094 %
2
(TABLE 19, IS456:2000) for M20 tuv = 0.347 N/mm
(Cl.40.2, IS456:2000)
Permissible shear stress = ks x Τ uv
Ks = 1.07
2
tuv = 0.37 N/mm
tuv > tv HENCE SAFE

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