Vellore Institute of Technology
Department of Mathematics
Tutorial Worksheet-I
Multivariable Calculus and Differential
Equations (BAMAT101)
Problems
1. Evaluate the limits (if exists)
(i)
p x
, if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).
(ii)
x2 y 2
, if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).
(iii)
x2 y
, if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) = x2 + y 4
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).
(iv) ( xy
, if (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) = |xy|
0, if (x, y) = (0, 0).
Are these functions continuous at (0, 0)?
Ans:
(i) Limit does not exist.
(ii) Limit exists.
(iii) Limit exists.
(iv) Limit does not exist.
∂f ∂f ∂ 2 f ∂ 2 f ∂ 2 f
2. Find the partial derivatives , , , ,
∂x ∂y ∂x2 ∂x∂y ∂y 2
of the following functions:
(i) f (x, y) = x2 y + y 3 sin x
(ii) f (x, y) = exy + x cos y
(iii) f (x, y) = x2 ln y
Ans:
(i) fx = 2xy +y 3 cos x, fy = x2 +3y 2 sin x, fxx = 2y −y 3 sin x, fxy = 2x+3y 2 cos x, fyy =
6y cos x.
(ii) fx = yexy + cos y, fy = xexy − x sin y, fxx = y 2 exy , fxy = exy (1 + xy) − sin y, fyy =
x2 exy − x cos y.
x2 2x 2
(iii) fx = 2x ln y, fy = y
, fxx = 2 ln y, fxy = y
, fyy = − xy2 .
3. For the function z = x2 y+ln(xy), find the total differential dz at a point where x > 0, y > 0.
Ans: dz = (2ab + a1 )dx + (a2 + 1b )dy, where x = a, y = b, a > 0, b > 0.
∂(u,v)
4. Find the Jacobian ∂(x,y)
of the following:
(i) u = x + y, v = x − y.
(ii) u = x2 + y 2 , v = x − y.
Ans:
∂(u,v)
(i) ∂(x,y)
= −2.
∂(u,v)
(ii) ∂(x,y)
= −2x − 2y.
5. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = xy subject
to x2 + y 2 = 1.
Ans:
Maximum value = 12 , minimum value = − 12 .
6. (i) Let f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 . Find and classify the critical points using the second
derivative test.
(ii) Find and classify the critical points of f (x, y) = x3 − 3xy 2 .
(iii) Find the local extreme values of f (x, y) = 3y 2 − 2y 3 − 3x2 + 6xy.
(iv) Determine whether the function f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y + 13 has a local minimum,
maximum, or saddle point.
Ans:
(i) Local minimum at (0, 0).
(ii) Saddle point at (0, 0).
(iii) Local maximum value: 8 at (2,2), Saddle point: (0, 0).
(iv) Local minimum at (2, 3), value is 0.
7. Find the points on the ellipse x2 + 2y 2 = 1, where f (x, y) = xy has its extreme values.
Ans:
1 1 1 1
±√ , , ±√ , −
2 2 2 2
.
8. Let
xy(x2 −y 2 )
(
x2 +y 2
, (x, y) ̸= (0, 0)
f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
∂f ∂f
(a) Show that ∂y
(x, 0) = x and ∂x
(0, y) = −y + y.
(b) Show that
∂ 2f ∂ 2f
(0, 0) ̸= (0, 0).
∂x∂y ∂y∂x
.
9. Find the maximum value of
f (x, y) = 49 − x2 − y 2
on the line x + 3y = 10.
Ans: The maximum value of f (x, y) is 39.
10. Use Taylor’s formula for f (x, y) = xey at the origin to find quadratic and cubic approxi-
mations of f near the origin.
xy 2
Ans: Quadratic approximation = x + xy, and cubic approximation = x + xy + 2
.