GLOBALIZATION

In a broad sense is the process or processes that increase the movements of people, culture, technology, ideologies
and information across the world.

From the song we hear on the radio to some of the most popular movies and novels out there, fashion, technology,
emigration from one country to another – all have to do with globalization and spread of influence throughout the
word.

Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

It is the free movements of goods, services, and people across the world in a seamless and integrated manner.

It is liberation of countries of their impact protocol and welcome foreign investment into sector that are the mainstay
of its economy.

GLOBALIZATION AS DEFINED BY OTHER AUTHORS

“Globalization as process by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society”. – Martin
Albrow and Elizabeth King

“Globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that
local happening are shape by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”. – Anthony Giddens

(Take note: Globalization is phenomenon)

HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF TERM “GLOBALIZATION”

1897, Charles Taze coined the term Corporate Giants, referring to a large national trust and other large enterprises of
the time.

1930, the world “Globalize” as a noun appeared in a publication entitled “Toward new education” were it denoted a
holistic view of human experience in education.

Late 1970’s – Globalization coined.

Late 1980’s – Globalization was popularized by Theodore Levitt.

Early 1981 – Globalization was used as a economic sense.

Late 2000’s – the IMF identified four basic aspect of [Link] and transaction, capital and investment
movements, migration and movement of people and dissemination of knowledge

2013 – the globalization was used to define “borderless society”.

2017 – Globalization was often used in academe.

2018 – Globalization was now used in all discipline.

One of the forces of the late 20th century (and the beginning of the 21st century) was thanks to globalization after
World War II.

After the events of the war, the countries involve realize, “Hey, we’re not talking like we should be talking! Did you
see what Germany did? We need to stop that from happening again! Because hey, we tried the league of Nations
after the Great War, but all of the ‘important nations need to be involve”.

And then, the United Nations was born in order to keep the countries of the world from killing each other, even
though the UN has found itself in many difficult and controversial positions during the past couple of decades.

Along with the UN, other organization (which are also connected with the UN such as the World Health
Organization (WHO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization
(WTO), were formed to be the checks and balance of international community as a whole.

After World War II, the world boomed in many different ways. While Europe was rebuilding, America was able to
step forward after Great depression and become a world power, with the money and resources to help the
reconstruction of Europe as whole.

The Cold War came into existence, and Russia’s push for the same thing as America(global power) caused a global
struggle over superpowers until Soviet Russia collapsed in the 90s. But on a more personal front, globalization
influence almost every aspect of your daily lives.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALIZATION

➢ There is social mobility of movement of people regardless of reason.

REASON FOR GLOBALIZATION

Rapid shrinking of time and distance across the globe. One can easily cross the bridge going to the other side of the

market place due to advance tools of technology than before. Domestic market are no longer rich as a consequence
of many interlocking factor. Companies and institution go global to find political and economic stability which is
relatively good in other countries than the country of origin.

To get technological and managerial know-how of other countries due to their advance in science, technology,
education, health, and other fields of discipline. To reduce high transportation cost if one goes globally using the
advance tools of communication and information.

To be close to raw material and to markets for their finished products which are not available in the country of
origin.

The creation of the world trade organization (WTO) had made it possible in stimulating increased cross border trade.
THERE ARE ABOUT SEVEN MAJOR TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION

➢ FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION
➢ ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
➢ TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION
➢ POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION
➢ CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
➢ ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION
➢ SOCIOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION
➢ FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION

Interconnection of the world’s financial system e.g stock markets. More of a connection between large cities than of
nations

Example: What happens in Asian markets affect the North American

market?

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

A worldwide economic system that permits easy movement of goods, production, capital, and resources (free trade

facilities)

Example: NAFTA, EU, Multinational corporation

TECHNOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION

Connection between nations through technology such as television, radio, telephones, internet, etc.

Was traditionally available only to the rich but is now far more available to the poor.

Much less infrastructure is needed now.

POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION

Countries are attempting to adopt similar political policies and style of government in order to facilitate other forms
of globalization, E.g move to secular government, free trade agreement, etc.

CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

Merging or “watering down” of worlds cultures e.g food, entertainment, language, etc.

Heavily criticized as destructive of local culture.

Seeing the earth as a single ecosystem rather than a collection of separate ecological system because so many

problems are global in nature. E.g International treaties to deal with environmental issues like biodiversity, climate
change or the ozone layer, wildlife reserve that span several countries

SOCIOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION

A growing belief that we are all global citizens and should all be held to the same standards and have the same
rights. E.g the growing international ideas that capital punishment is immoral and that women should have all the
same rights as men.

THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

POSITIVE EFFECTS ON ECONOMY

➢ FREE TRADE
➢ Exchange goods and resources
➢ Increase exports and Import
➢ FREE MOVEMENT OF LABOUR (Advantages to both workers and recipient countries)
➢ GREATER COMPETITION (Domestic monopolies will try to develop the quality of their products and
services)
➢ INCREASING INVESTMENT (Investment by multinational companies can play a big role in improving
the economies of developing countries)

NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON ECONOMY

FREE TRADE CAN HARM DEVELOPING ECONOMY

Developing countries are hard to compete with developed countries

Developing countries are often harmed by tariff protection.

Labour drain

Some countries find it difficult to hold onto their best skilled workers, who are attracted by higher wages elsewhere

INCREASING ENVIRONMENT ISSUES

Using non-renewable recourses

Deforestation

Pollution

Global warming
POSITIVE IMPACT ON CULTURE

Cultural Diffusion

Happens when the cultural beliefs and social activities are spread through different ethnicities, religions and

nationality.

Multi-cultural Awareness

You will start to understand the world.

NEGATIVE IMPACT ON CULTURE

Loss of Local Culture

The culture from around the world replace the local ones.

Less cultural diversity

When the local culture are lost, the world culture will replace.

POSITIVE IMPACT ON EDUCATION

Local school will upgrade their curriculum to a standard one.

Using technology in education

International school will increasing

NEGATIVE IMPACT IN EDUCATION

Local school are hard to compete

Some learners having difficulties with language and technology used in school system.

POSITIVE IMPACT IN POLITICS

Increasing power and liberty of nations

Expand of new political cultures

Terrorism

Fastest spread of unknown scenario.

POSITIVE IMPACT IN TECHNOLOGY

Spread of Knowledge and technology across borders.

Boost technological development

Boost technological innovation

NEGATIVE IMPACT IN TECHNOLOGY

Cyber bullying

Countries treats