Chapter 4

Workplace quality management

Summary 2.2 MAINTAINING CLEAN WATER
1. Human activities, particularly sewage and
wastewater, are major sources of water
1. Introduction to workplace quality
pollution. It is essential to ensure that
measures human waste does not mix with clean water
sources.
1.1 ESSENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
2. The extensive use of fertilizers and
STANDARDS
pesticides should be avoided, as these
To ensure a healthy work environment, every
chemicals can seep into the ground and
organization must maintain good quality air and
pollute groundwater.
water. It is crucial that employees are not
exposed to polluted air or water in the
3. Office ergonomics and cleanliness
workplace.
1.2 MEASURING POLLUTION 3.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF CLEANLINESS
The quality of air and water can be assessed A clean and healthy workplace prevents the
through various tests to measure pollution spread of diseases. This involves maintaining
levels. the worksite, ensuring immediate cleanup of
These tests are categorized as: spills, keeping floors well-maintained, providing
1. Physical tests proper lighting, and keeping pathways clear.
2. Chemical tests 3.2 UNDERSTANDING OFFICE
3. Biological tests ERGONOMICS
For instance, the percentage of gases like Ergonomics is the science of designing and
oxygen ( o2), nitrogen dioxide (no2), and carbon arranging things so people can use them easily
dioxide (co2) in the air can be measured. For and safely. Applying ergonomic principles helps
water, its ph value can be measured to reduce the risk of accidents, injuries, and strain,
determine its quality. which in turn improves productivity and work
efficiency.
2. Guidelines for clean air and water
4. Health and safety for computer users
2.1 MAINTAINING CLEAN AIR
1. Air pollution is often caused by dust and the 4.1 COMMON HEALTH ISSUES
mixing of solid particles and gases in the air. Increased computer use is linked to a rise in
Organizations should take steps to avoid health issues such as vision problems,
producing these pollutants. musculoskeletal issues, and general body aches.
2. The heavy use of vehicles on company 4.2 MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS
premises contributes to air pollution. 1. Causes: pain in the neck, back, shoulders,
Companies should limit the number of and other body parts can result from poor
vehicles used and can practice a “no vehicle posture and an incorrect workstation setup.
day” each week to reduce pollution. 2. Prevention: to avoid these issues, position
3. Ozone (o3) gas, which can form smog, also the computer monitor at eye level, keep
pollutes the air. Its generation must be kept your neck in a neutral position, maintain full
to a minimum. back contact with the chair, and adjust
 armrests to a 100-110 degree angle. Taking of concentration. Practicing yoga,
regular breaks to stretch is also important. meditation, and prioritizing health can help.
4. Sleeping problems: artificial light from
4.3 OCCUPATIONAL OVERUSE SYNDROME screens can disrupt the release of
(RSI)
melatonin, a substance that helps with
1. Definition: repetitive strain injury (rsi) is a
sleep. It is advisable to avoid screen use
condition characterized by persistent pain in
before bed or use blue light filters.
muscles and soft tissues due to repetitive
movements and poor posture. 5. Health and safety requirements for
2. Symptoms: common symptoms include pain
workstations
in the neck, shoulders, or wrists, and
conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome. 5.1 EQUIPMENT STANDARDS
3. Prevention: maintain proper posture with 1. Monitor: use a modern led monitor with a
elbows close to the body, avoid gripping the stable, flicker-free image and a glare-free
mouse too tightly, and use ergonomic screen.
equipment like keyboards and mice. 2. Keyboard: the keyboard should be
4.4 STRAIN IN LEGS AND FEET detachable, tiltable, and have a matte finish
1. Causes: sitting for long durations can cause to prevent glare.
strain in the legs. 3. Work desk: the desk must be large enough
2. Prevention: sit with your feet flat on the for all equipment and have a low-
floor, use a footrest if needed, ensure there reflectance surface.
is enough space to move, and stretch your 4. Work chair: the chair should be stable,
legs regularly. height-adjustable, and allow for easy
movement.
4.5 EYE STRAIN
1. Causes: bright light, glare, and flickering 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENERAL
from computer screens can cause eye strain CAUTIONS
and visual fatigue. Forgetting to blink can 1. Space and lighting: the workstation should
lead to dry eyes. Computer vision syndrome have enough space for movement and
is caused by poor lighting and screen glare. proper lighting to avoid glare.
2. Symptoms: symptoms include eye strain, 2. Noise and heat: minimize equipment noise
blurry vision, watering eyes, and headaches. and ensure it does not generate excessive
3. Prevention: adjust screen brightness, heat.
reposition the screen to avoid glare, 3. Electrical safety: use a surge protector and
maintain a proper distance (18-24 inches), unplug power sources before working on
blink regularly, and wear anti-glare glasses. hardware. Avoid touching electrical
equipment with wet hands. Ensure loose
4.6 OTHER HEALTH CONCERNS cords are not a tripping hazard.
1. Headaches: can be caused by muscle
tension in the neck or vision problems.
Answer the mcqs:
Prevention includes keeping the neck
1. What are the two fundamental environmental
straight and getting regular eye check-ups.
quality measures that an organization must
2. Obesity: long hours on the computer can
ensure for its employees?
lead to a lack of physical activity, increasing
(A) High-speed internet and advanced software
the
quality.
Risk of obesity. Regular breaks for
(B) Good air quality and good water quality.
movement and exercise are crucial.
(C) Comfortable office temperature and low
3. Stress disorders: workplace pressure and
noise levels.
prolonged computer use can lead to stress,
(D) Ample parking space and modern building
causing a decreased attention span and lack
aesthetics.
 An of the following would be an appropriate
(b) good air quality and good water quality. measurement to take?
Foundational workplace quality starts with the (A) The temperature of the water at different
basic environment. Organizations have a times of the day.
responsibility to provide a workspace where (B) The percentage of oxygen dissolved in the
employees have access to clean, breathable air water.
and safe, potable water, as these are essential (C) The ph value of the water to determine its
for health and well-being. acidity or alkalinity.
(D) The speed at which the water flows through
2. Why is it important for an organization to the pipes.
manage the quality of its workplace An
environment, such as air and water?
(A) To ensure that employees do not have to (c) the ph value of the water to determine its
face problems like polluted air and water. acidity or alkalinity.
(B) To reduce the costs associated with office The ph value is a standard chemical
maintenance and utilities. measurement that indicates how acidic or basic
(C) To comply with international laws regarding water is. This is a critical parameter in
employee travel. determining water quality, as deviations from a
(D) To increase the market value of the neutral ph can indicate chemical contamination
company’s stock. and affect safety.
An 5. What is a primary cause of air pollution that
(a) to ensure that employees do not have to workplaces should aim to avoid?
face problems like polluted air and water. (A) The production of dust, solid particles, and
A primary responsibility of any employer is to gases in the air.
provide a safe setting for its staff. This includes (B) The use of energy-efficient light bulbs in
protecting them from environmental issues like office spaces.
contaminated air and water, which can directly (C) The planting of trees and shrubs around the
impact their health, comfort, and ability to work company campus.
effectively. (D) The regular cleaning and maintenance of
office floors.
3. Which three types of tests are used to measure An
the levels of pollution in air and water?
(A) Visual, olfactory, and auditory tests. (a) the production of dust, solid particles, and
(B) Pressure, temperature, and humidity tests. gases in the air.
(C) Physical, chemical, and biological tests. Air pollution is largely caused by the
(D) Primary, secondary, and tertiary tests. introduction of foreign substances into the air.
Workplaces should control activities that
An generate dust, release particulate matter, or
(c) physical, chemical, and biological tests. emit harmful gases to maintain a clean and
Assessing environmental quality requires a healthy breathing environment for everyone.
scientific approach. The standard methods
involve conducting physical tests for properties 6. A data entry clerk is developing pain and
like particles, chemical tests for the presence of numbness in their hands and arms, a
specific substances, and biological tests to symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. What is
detect microorganisms, ensuring a the most likely
comprehensive analysis. Cause of this condition?
(A) Glare from the overhead office lights.
4. A facility manager needs to assess the chemical (B) The height of their work chair.
properties of the building’s water supply. Which (C) Repetitive movements from constant
typing.
(D) The noise level of the office printer. practices. Keeping the monitor
centered prevents twisting the
An
neck, a common cause of pain. A
(c) repetitive movements from constant typing. slight negative keyboard tilt helps
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a classic form maintain a neutral wrist posture,
of repetitive strain injury. The persistent, reducing strain on the arms and
repetitive motions of typing put pressure hands.
on the median nerve in the wrist, leading
to the characteristic symptoms of pain, What is a common cause of strain in the legs and
numbness, and tingling in the hands. feet for office workers?
(A) Walking too quickly between meetings.
7. All of the following are recommended (B) Using a keyboard that is not ergonomic.
tips for preventing repetitive strain injury (C) Sitting to work for a long time.
(rsi) (D) Staring at a bright computer screen.
Except: An
(A) Using an ergonomic keyboard and mouse.
(B) Gripping the mouse as tightly as possible for (c) sitting to work for a long time.
better control. The human body is not designed to be sedentary for
(C) Keeping your wrists straight while typing. extended periods. Sitting for a long time can lead to
(D) Keeping your elbows close to your body. poor circulation and muscle stiffness in the lower
body, causing strain and discomfort in the legs and
An feet.
(b) gripping the mouse as tightly as possible for
An employee finds that their feet do not
better control.
comfortably reach the floor when sitting at their
8. To prevent rsi, one should avoid excess
desk. What is a recommended ergonomic solution
pressure and maintain a relaxed grip on
to prevent leg strain?
the mouse. Gripping it too tightly
(A) Sit on the edge of the chair so their feet can
increases muscle tension in the hand and
touch the floor.
wrist, which contributes to strain and
(B) Adjust the chair higher so their legs are at a
injury rather than preventing it.
sharper angle.
9. Statement 1 to avoid neck pain, the (C) Use a footrest for extra support.
computer monitor should be placed (D) Cross their legs for better stability while
directly ahead so you do not have to working.
turn your neck. An
Statement 2 to prevent arm strain, the
keyboard should be placed at a slight (c) use a footrest for extra support.
negative For proper posture and to avoid leg strain, feet
tilt when sitting upright. should be flat on a surface. If the chair height
a. Statement 1 is true, but needed for proper arm position prevents feet from
statement 2 is false. reaching the floor, a footrest should be used to
b. Statement 2 is true, but provide support and maintain correct alignment.
statement 1 is false.(c) both What is computer vision syndrome?
statement 1 and statement 2 are (A) A condition caused by poor lighting and glare on
true. a computer screen.
(d) both statement 1 and statement 2 are false. (B) A musculoskeletal injury from lifting a heavy
An computer monitor.
(C) A psychological fear of using computers and
c. Both statement 1 and statement
technology.
2 are [Link] statements
describe correct ergonomic
(D) The ability to read very small text on a While dry eyes and headaches are common
computer screen. computer-related health issues, they are
An typically categorized as vision problems or
symptoms of eye strain. Musculoskeletal
(a) a condition caused by poor lighting and glare on problems specifically refer to pain and
a computer screen. discomfort in the body’s muscles, tendons, and
Computer vision syndrome is a specific type of eye skeletal structure.
strain caused by the visual demands of computer
use. Key contributing factors are environmental, an 14. An employee experiences a sore lower back
(c) it reduces the risk of injury and improves while working. What is a recommended
productivity and performance. ergonomic solution to try?
(A) Tilting the monitor to a different angle.
The main goals of ergonomics are twofold: to
(B) Moving the mouse closer to the keyboard.
protect the well-being of employees by reducing
(C) Using the backrest of the chair or adding a
the risk of strain and injury, and to enhance
business outcomes by making work easier, small pillow for lumbar support.
(D) Taking more frequent coffee breaks
which naturally improves overall productivity
and performance. throughout the day.
An
12. Increased computer use is associated with
which three main categories of health issues? (c) using the backrest of the chair or adding a
(A) Hearing loss, skin problems, and digestive small pillow for lumbar support.
issues. A sore lower back is often a sign of inadequate
lumbar support. To address this, the employee
(B) Vision problems, musculoskeletal issues,
should ensure their lower back is fully
and body aches.
supported by the chair’s backrest or supplement
(C) Financial stress, social isolation, and sleep
it with a lumbar pillow to maintain the natural
deprivation.
curve of the spine.
(D) Allergic reactions, vitamin deficiencies, and
high blood pressure. 15. What is the recommended distance to keep a
computer monitor from your face to avoid
An
musculoskeletal and vision problems?
(b) vision problems, musculoskeletal issues, and (A) Less than 12 inches away.
body aches. (B) At least arm’s length, or 20 to 30 inches
The most common health complaints linked to away.
prolonged computer use fall into three areas: (C) As far away as possible while still being able
visual issues like eye strain, problems with the to see.
body’s physical structure like back pain (D) Exactly 15 inches, measured with a ruler.
(musculoskeletal), and general body aches
An
resulting from poor posture.
(b) at least arm’s length, or 20 to 30 inches
13. All of the following are common away. Maintaining a proper viewing distance is
musculoskeletal problems associated with poor crucial for both posture and eye health. Placing
posture at a computer except: the monitor at least an arm’s length away
(A) Neck and back pain. prevents you from hunching forward and
(B) Shoulder and arm pain. reduces the focusing effort required by your
(C) Dry eyes and headaches. eyes, minimizing strain.
(D) Chest and feet pain.
16. What is occupational overuse syndrome, also
An known as repetitive strain injury (rsi)?
(c) dry eyes and headaches. (A) A condition caused by a single, traumatic
accident at the workplace.
 (B) Pain and discomfort in muscles and soft (D) The monitor must have a glossy finish for
tissues due to repetitive use. vibrant colors.
(C) A psychological disorder resulting from high An
levels of workplace stress.
(a) the screen image should be stable with no
(D) An allergic reaction to materials used in
flickering.
office furniture.
A flickering screen can be very distracting and is
An a significant cause of eye strain and headaches.
(b) pain and discomfort in muscles and soft A primary requirement for a safe workstation is
tissues due to repetitive use. a monitor that provides a stable, clear, and
Rsi is not a single injury but a range of flickerfree image for the user’s visual comfort.
conditions affecting muscles and tendons. It is
31. Why is it recommended to choose a keyboard
caused by the cumulative strain of performing
with a matte finish?
the same motions repeatedly over time,
(A) Because matte keyboards are generally less
common in tasks like typing or using a mouse.
expensive to purchase.
(B) To prevent glare from reflecting off the
Bed. This can be achieved by putting devices
keyboard surface.
away an hour before sleep or by using features
(C) Because matte keyboards are easier to clean
like ‘night mode’ or blue light filters that reduce
than glossy ones.
disruptive light waves.
(D) To ensure the letters on the keys do not
29. Statemeat 1 a major ergonomic problem with wear off over time.
laptops is that the screen and keyboard are too An
close together. (b) to prevent glare from reflecting off the
Statemeat 2 a recommended solution for keyboard surface.
prolonged laptop use is to use a separate mouse Just like a monitor, other surfaces on a desk can
and keyboard. cause reflective glare, which contributes to eye
(A) Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false. strain. A keyboard with a non-reflective, matte
(B) Statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false. finish minimizes these reflections, creating a
(c) both statement 1 and statement 2 are more visually comfortable work environment.
true.
(d) both statement 1 and statement 2 are false. 32. What is the main ergonomic purpose of having
a large work desk?
An
(A) To provide enough space to store personal
(C) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are items and decorations.
[Link] statements are correct. The (B) To allow for flexible arrangement of the
integrated design of a laptop makes it monitor, keyboard, and other equipment.
impossible to position both the screen and (C) To create a physical barrier between you
keyboard ergonomically at the same time. and your colleagues.
Using external peripherals like a separate (D) To make the office appear more impressive
keyboard and mouse allows for a much to clients and visitors.
better and safer posture.
An
30. What is a key health and safety requirement for (b) to allow for flexible arrangement of the
a computer monitor? monitor, keyboard, and other equipment. An
(A) The screen image should be stable with no adequately sized desk is crucial for good
flickering. ergonomics. It provides the necessary space to
(B) It must have built-in speakers for high- position all equipment—monitor, keyboard,
quality audio. mouse, documents—at the correct distances
(C) It should be a curved screen for a more and angles to achieve a comfortable and safe
immersive experience. posture.
33. What feature is essential for a work chair to be (A) Increasing the font size of the text on the
considered ergonomic? screen.
(A) It must be made from genuine leather. (B) Performing frequent blinking to keep eyes
(B) It must have at least six wheels for mobility. moist.
(C) It must be stable and have height (C) Using a brighter, more colorful screen
adjustability. background.
(D) It must be available in a variety of bright (D) Listening to music with headphones while
colors. working.
An An
(c) it must be stable and have height (b) performing frequent blinking to keep eyes
adjustability. A stable work chair prevents moist.
accidents, while height adjustability is a critical When concentrating on a screen, people tend to
ergonomic feature. It allows the user to set the blink less often. This leads to dry eyes. Making a
chair to a height that promotes a comfortable conscious effort to blink frequently helps to
sitting posture with feet flat on the floor, which naturally remoisten the surface of the eyes,
is essential for comfort and safety. reducing dryness and irritation.

34. All of the following are important requirements 25. Besides eye strain, what is another common
for a safe computer workstation except: cause of headaches for computer users?
(A) Ensuring the work desk has a low- (A) A slow internet connection.
reflectance surface. (B) Muscle tension or pain in the neck.
(B) Providing enough space for the user to (C) The sound of the keyboard clicking.
change positions. (D) Forgetting to save work frequently.
(C) Maintaining proper lighting with good An
contrast.
(D) Having the latest and most powerful (b) muscle tension or pain in the neck.
computer processor. Headaches are often linked to musculoskeletal
Such as improper office lighting and reflections issues. Holding the head and neck in a strained
or glare on the monitor screen, which make the or improper position for long periods creates
eyes work harder. muscle tension that can radiate and manifest as
a tension headache.
23. All of the following are common symptoms of 26. Spending long hours on a computer may lead to
eye strain from computer use except: a lack of physical activity, which increases the
(A) Blurry vision and headaches. risk of __________.
(B) Watering or dry eyes. (A) Obesity
(C) Pain in the neck and shoulders. (B) Rsi
(D) General eye strain and fatigue. (C) Eye strain
An (D) Hearing loss

(c) pain in the neck and shoulders. An

While neck and shoulder pain are common (a) obesity.
computer-related issues, they fall under the A sedentary lifestyle is a major contributing
category of musculoskeletal problems caused by factor to weight gain. Spending prolonged
poor posture. The other options—blurry vision, periods sitting at a computer reduces physical
watery eyes, and headaches—are all direct activity and exercise, which directly increases an
symptoms of visual fatigue or eye strain. individual’s risk of developing obesity over time.
24. What is a simple habit that can prevent dry eyes 27. How can the artificial light from computer
when working on a computer for long periods? screens disrupt sleep patterns?
 (A) The heat from the screen makes the room that reduce traffic. This includes limiting the
too warm for comfortable sleep. number of official vehicles used and
(B) The noise from the computer’s fan keeps implementing initiatives like a weekly “no
the user awake. vehicle day” to promote alternative
(C) It can suppress the brain’s release of transportation.
melatonin, a substance that assists sleep.
(D) It makes the user too productive, so they do 7. What substance, often called smog, is produced
not want to stop working. in the air and must be kept at a low level by
organizations to prevent pollution?
An (A) Carbon dioxide (co2)
(c) it can suppress the brain’s release of (B) Oxygen (o2)
melatonin, a substance that assists sleep. (C) Ozone (o3)
The blue light emitted by screens can trick the (D) Nitrogen (n2)
brain into thinking it is still daytime. This
exposure, especially before bedtime, can inhibit An (c) ozone
the production of melatonin, a key hormone (o3).
that regulates the body’s sleep-wake cycle,
making it harder to fall asleep. Ground-level ozone, a primary component of
smog, is a significant air pollutant. Organizations
28. An employee finds it difficult to sleep after should manage their processes to minimize the
working late on their laptop. Which of the generation of ozone gas, as it can be harmful to
following solutions would be most effective? respiratory health and the environment.
(A) Drinking a caffeinated beverage before
going to bed. 8. How can an organization prevent groundwater
(B) Watching more videos on the laptop to feel pollution from its landscaping and agricultural
tired. activities?
(C) Avoiding screen use before bedtime or using (A) By using an increased amount of fertilizers
a blue light filter. to promote plant growth.
(D) Turning up the brightness of the laptop (B) By watering plants and lawns multiple times
screen. every day.
(C) By avoiding the extensive use of fertilizers
An and pesticides.
(c) avoiding screen use before bedtime or using (D) By planting only non-native species of trees
a blue light filter. and shrubs.
To improve sleep quality, it is recommended to An
reduce exposure to artificial screen light before
(a) encourage all employees to drive larger, (c) by avoiding the extensive use of fertilizers
more powerful cars. and pesticides.
Chemicals from fertilizers and pesticides can
(B) Build more parking lots to accommodate an
seep through the soil and contaminate
increase in vehicles.
underground water sources. To protect
(C) Use a limited number of vehicles and
groundwater quality, it is essential to limit the
practice a “no vehicle day” each week.
use of these substances and opt for more
(D) Mandate that all employee vehicles must be environmentally friendly alternatives.
washed daily on campus.
9. What is the primary reason for ensuring that
An
human waste, such as sewage and wastewater,
(c) use a limited number of vehicles and practice is not mixed with clean water sources?
a “no vehicle day” each week. (A) To increase the mineral content of the clean
To combat vehicle-based air pollution, water.
organizations are encouraged to adopt policies
 (B) To prevent the pollution of water that may non-reflective desk, adequate space, and
be used for drinking or other purposes. proper lighting—are all key requirements
(C) To lower the overall cost of water treatment for creating an ergonomically sound and
for the municipality. safe workstation.
(D) To change the ph value of the water to
make it more acidic. 35. To prevent glare from a window, what is
the recommended way to position a
An workstation?
(b) to prevent the pollution of water that may (A) Directly facing the window to get the most
be used for drinking or other purposes. natural light. 38.
Human activities, particularly the disposal of (B) With your back directly to the window.
sewage, are a major source of water pollution. It (C) At a 90-degree angle to the light source.
is critical to keep this waste separate from clean (D) In the darkest corner of the room, far from
water sources to prevent the spread of diseases any windows.
and maintain the safety of the water supply. An
10. What is the definition of “office ergonomics”? (c) at a 90-degree angle to the light
(A) A management style focused on increasing source. Placing a monitor directly in front
work efficiency through strict rules. of or opposite a window creates
(B) A set of guidelines for maintaining maximum glare. The best practice is to
cleanliness and hygiene in the office. position the workstation so that the light
(C) The science of designing and arranging source (the window) is to the side, at a
things for easy and safe use by people. 90-degree angle, which minimizes direct
(D) A financial strategy aimed at reducing the reflections on the screen.
cost of office furniture.
36. To prevent damage from static electricity
An when working on computer hardware, it
(c) the science of designing and arranging things is recommended to use a __________.
for easy and safe use by people. (A) Surge protector(b) battery backup
Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned (C) Metal wristband
with creating a workspace and tools that fit the (D) Document holder
39.
user. Its goal is to optimize the interaction
between people and their work environment to An
enhance safety, comfort, and performance. (a) surge protector.
Static electricity can easily damage
11. What are the primary benefits of applying sensitive electronic components inside a
proper office ergonomics? computer. A surge protector helps to
(A) It increases the risk of accidents and
divert this and other electrical surges,
improves company profits. protecting the hardware from damage
(B) It reduces the need for regular breaks and
and ensuring its longevity and safe
increases workload. operation.
(C) It reduces the risk of injury and improves
productivity and performance. 37. Nnertioa () it is important to unplug all
(D) It makes the office look more modern and power sources before working on a
stylish to visitors. computer’s internal hardware.
An Reanoa (r) this precaution prevents the
(d) having the latest and most powerful risk of electric shock to the person and
computer processor. protects the electronic components from
The processing power of a computer is damage.
related to its performance, not its health (A) Both a and r are true, and r is the correct
and safety features. The other options—a explanation of a.
 (B) Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct (b) because the attached screen and keyboard
explanation of a. prevent proper posture for both the neck and wrists
(C) A is true, but r is false. simultaneously.
(D) A is false, but r is true. The core ergonomic flaw of a laptop is its fixed
An design. If you position the screen correctly at eye
51. All of the following are mentioned as ways to
(a) both a and r are true, and r is the correct prevent strain in legs and feet while working
explanation of a. Except:
The assertion states a critical safety rule for (A) Ensuring there is enough space to change
computer maintenance. The reason correctly positions.
explains the dual purpose of this rule: it ensures the (B) Keeping your legs elevated on the desk.
personal safety of the individual by eliminating (C) Using a footrest for extra support if needed.
shock hazards and protects the delicate internal (D) Stretching your legs regularly.
components from electrical damage.
An
Consider the following statements for preventing (b) keeping your legs elevated on the desk.
computer-related health issues: While changing positions is good, propping your
1. To prevent neck pain, the monitor should be legs up on the desk would likely lead to poor
kept at eye level. overall posture and strain in other areas, like
2. To prevent eye strain, you should forget to blink the back. The recommended solutions focus on
while focusing on the screen. proper support and regular movement.
3. To prevent rsi, you should grip the mouse as
tightly as possible. 52. Nnertioa () practicing a “no vehicle day” each
Which of the statements are correct? week is a recommended guideline for
(A) Only 1 organizations.
(B) Only 1 and 2 Reanoa (r) this practice helps to reduce air
(C) Only 2 and 3 pollution caused by the extensive use of
(D) All 1, 2, and 3 automobiles on campus.
An (a) only 1 (A) Both a and r are true, and r is the correct
explanation of a.
Statement 1 is a correct ergonomic principle. (B) Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct
Statement 2 is incorrect; frequent blinking is explanation of a.
recommended to prevent dry eyes. Statement 3 is (C) A is true, but r is false.
incorrect; a relaxed grip is advised to avoid excess (D) A is false, but r is true.
pressure and strain.
An
Why is it ergonomically problematic to use a laptop (a) both a and r are true, and r is the correct
for prolonged periods without external peripherals? explanation of a.
(A) Because laptops generate more heat and noise The assertion states a specific recommendation.
than desktop computers. The reason correctly explains the environmental
(B) Because the attached screen and keyboard logic behind this recommendation: reducing the
prevent proper posture for both the neck and number of vehicles directly reduces harmful
wrists simultaneously. emissions, thus improving local air quality.
(C) Because laptop batteries do not last long
enough for a full workday. 53. How does preventing eye strain differ from
(D) Because the smaller screen size of a laptop preventing musculoskeletal problems?
inherently causes more eye strain. (A) Eye strain is prevented by physical posture,
while musculoskeletal problems are
An
prevented by lighting.
 (B) Eye strain involves adjusting lighting and 56. An employee feels a burning sensation in their
screen settings, while musculoskeletal issues upper back. The potential cause is a lack of
involve adjusting posture and furniture. upper back support from their chair. What is a
(C) Eye strain is only a problem for laptops, recommended solution?
while musculoskeletal problems are only for (A) Leaning forward more to stretch the back
desktops. muscles.
(D) There is no difference; the preventive (B) Using a document holder to prop up
measures for both are identical. An documents so they can be seen without
(b) eye strain involves adjusting lighting and leaning.
screen settings, while musculoskeletal issues (C) Adjusting the monitor to be much lower
involve adjusting posture and furniture. The than eye level.
preventive measures target different causes. For (D) Removing the backrest from the chair
eye strain, you adjust visual factors like glare, [Link]
brightness, and distance. For musculoskeletal
problems, you adjust physical factors like chair An
height, back support, and keyboard position to (b) prevent strain from excessive head and eye
ensure proper body alignment. movement.
54. A stable, adjustable document holder is a piece Constantly looking down at documents on a
of equipment designed to improve: desk and then back up at a monitor causes
(A) Data security
repetitive head and eye movements, leading to
(B) Internet speed
strain. A document holder positions papers at a
(C) Office ergonomics
better viewing angle, minimizing this
(D) Air quality
movement.

An 46. An employee is experiencing stiffness in their

neck. A likely cause is working with their head
(c) office ergonomics.
turned to the side. What is an effective
A document holder is an ergonomic tool. Its
solution?
purpose is to position reference materials in a
(A) Taking pain medication to manage the
way that minimizes awkward or repetitive head,
symptom.
neck, and eye movements, thereby reducing
(B) Performing shoulder-strengthening
physical strain and improving the safety and
exercises every morning.
comfort of the workstation.
(C) Moving the monitor to the center of the
55. What piece of safety equipment ensures a desk, directly in front of them.
stable voltage supply to a computer, especially (D) Lowering the height of the work [Link]
during power outages?
(c) moving the monitor to the center of the
(A) A surge protector.
desk, directly in front of them.
(B) A battery backup system.
A stiff neck is often caused by poor alignment. If
(C) An ergonomic keyboard.
the monitor is off to one side, it forces the user
(D) A monitor stand.
to turn their head. The ergonomic solution is to
An rearrange the workstation so the monitor is
(b) a battery backup system. centered, allowing for a neutral neck posture.
A battery backup system, often part of an 47. Why are stress disorders considered a
uninterrupted power supply (ups), provides a computerrelated health issue?
continuous and stable power source. During a (A) Because the bright light from the screen
power outage, it gives the user time to save directly causes psychological stress.
their work and shut down the computer safely.
 (B) Because increased pressure in the immediate surroundings, which helps the eyes
workplace combined with prolonged to focus more comfortably without having to
computer use can lead to burnout. adjust to extreme differences in brightness.
(C) Because computers often crash, leading to
the stress of losing unsaved work. 50. An employee’s workstation is too noisy due to
(D) Because the cost of purchasing a computer the sound of computer equipment, causing
can be a financial stressor. distractions. What is a recommended solution?
(A) Playing loud music to drown out the
An equipment noise.
(b) because increased pressure in the workplace (B) Moving the workstation to a different
combined with prolonged computer use can department.
lead to burnout. (C) Minimizing the noise or using noise-
While not a direct physical injury, the nature of canceling earphones.
computer-based work can contribute to stress. (D) Turning the equipment off periodically to
The combination of high work pressure and the create quiet intervals.
always-on nature of computer work can lead to An
mental exhaustion and burnout.
(c) minimizing the noise or using noise-canceling
48. To maintain proper posture while typing, your earphones.
hands should be kept slightly lower than your Excessive noise is a workplace hazard that can
elbows, with your fingers pointing _________. cause distraction and stress. The recommended
(A) Upwards at the ceiling solutions are to address the source by
(B) Straight ahead minimizing equipment noise if possible, or for
(C) Downwards at the floor the user to block it out with tools like noise-
(D) Towards your body canceling earphones.
An Air pollution is mostly caused by the production
of dust and the mixture of solid particles and
(c) downwards at the floor. gases in the surrounding air. Therefore, these
This hand position is part of a neutral wrist should be avoided.
posture. It helps to keep the wrists straight and
relaxed, minimizing the strain that can lead to 64. What is a suggested practice to reduce air
conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome or other pollution from vehicles on a campus?
repetitive strain injuries.
An
49. What is a key requirement for lighting at a
computer workstation? Since the extensive use of automobile vehicles
(A) The lighting should be as bright as possible
can lead to air pollution , one suggested practice
to ensure visibility. is to have a “no vehicle day” every week.
(B) There should be good contrast between the
65. How can the extensive use of fertilizers and
screen and the background.
pesticides be harmful?
(C) All natural light from windows should be
completely blocked out. An
(D) A single, focused desk lamp should be the
The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides
only source of light.
must be avoided because it can lead to the
An pollution of groundwater.
(b) there should be good contrast between the
66. What is office ergonomics?
screen and the background.
Proper lighting is crucial for reducing eye strain. An
This includes maintaining a good level of
Office ergonomics is defined as the science
contrast between the monitor and its
concerned with designing and arranging things
 so that people can use them both easily and Common symptoms of eye strain from
safely. computer use include blurry vision and
headaches. Watering eyes are also a common
67. State two benefits of good office ergonomics. symptom.
An 73. What is a primary cause of obesity related to
Good office ergonomics is beneficial as it computer use?
reduces the risk of accidents and also reduces
An
the risk of injury and strain. This helps to
improve overall productivity. Spending long hours on the computer may lead
to a lack of physical activity and exercise, which
68. What are musculoskeletal problems related to in turn increases the risk of obesity.
computer use?
74. Name two symptoms of stress disorders that
An can result from prolonged computer use.
Musculoskeletal problems are characterized by An
pain or discomfort in the neck, back, chest,
arms, shoulders, or feet. These are often caused Increased pressure and prolonged use of
by poor posture and an incorrect workstation computers can lead to stress disorders. Two
setup. symptoms of this are a decreased attention
span and a lack of concentration.
69. What is occupational overuse syndrome (rsi)?
75. Why can using a laptop for a long time cause
An ergonomic problems?
Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as An
repetitive strain injury (rsi), is a range of
conditions characterized by discomfort or On a laptop, the screen and keyboard are too
persistent pain in muscles, tendons, and other close together for proper ergonomics. This
soft tissues. forces a trade-off: raising the screen strains the
70. Name two common symptoms of rsi. arms, while keeping the keyboard comfortable
forces you to bend your neck.
An
76. How can the artificial light from computer
Two common symptoms of rsi are pain in the screens cause sleeping problems?
neck, shoulders, wrists, or fingers due to
repetitive muscle use. Another specific An
condition mentioned as a symptom is carpal (b) using a document holder to prop up
tunnel syndrome. documents so they can be seen without leaning.
71. What causes computer vision syndrome? This specific pain is often caused by hunching or
leaning forward to view documents flat on a
An desk. Using a document holder raises the papers
Computer vision syndrome is caused by poor to a more vertical angle, allowing the user to
lighting and glare on the computer screen. view them while maintaining an upright posture
Constantly focusing on the screen and forgetting with proper back support.
to blink can also lead to dry eyes. 57. Statemeat 1 equipment in a workplace should
72. List two symptoms of eye strain from computer not generate excess heat that causes discomfort
use. to the user.
Statemeat 2 minimizing equipment noise is
An important to avoid distracting the user.
(A) Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.
 (B) Statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false. hardware or, in a worst-case scenario,
(c) both statement 1 and statement 2 are conducting electricity to the user.
true.
(d) both statement 1 and statement 2 are false. 60. For comfortable typing posture, armrests
should be adjusted so that the elbows are at
An
what angle?
(C) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true. (A) A sharp 45-degree angle.
Both statements describe important (B) A straight 180-degree angle.
environmental requirements for a safe and (C) A tight 90-degree angle.
comfortable workstation. Excess heat can cause (D) A 100-110 degrees open angle.
physical discomfort, while excess noise can be a An
significant distraction, both of which negatively
impact well-being and productivity. (d) a 100-110 degrees open angle. A slightly
open angle (greater than 90 degrees) for the
58. One of the primary goals of maintaining elbows is recommended for a relaxed and
cleanliness at the workplace is to have well- neutral posture. This position helps to reduce
maintained floors and clear __________. strain on the shoulders and arms during
(A) Windows prolonged periods of typing.
(B) Pathways
(C) Ceilings
(D) Calendars
An (b) Lth umar slltho
61. What are the two basic quality measures an
pathways.
organization must provide for its workplace?
A key aspect of workplace cleanliness and safety
is keeping all walkways and pathways clear of An
clutter, cords, or other obstructions. This According to the material, every organization
directly prevents slip, trip, and fall hazards, must ensure it has good water quality and good
ensuring people can move around the air quality for its employees. Employees should
workspace safely. not have to face problems like polluted air or
water.
59. Why should metal accessories like rings and
watches be removed before working on a 62. Name the three types of tests that can be used
computer’s internal components? to measure air and water pollution.
(A) Because they can scratch the plastic casing
of the computer. An
(B) Because they can conduct electricity and To measure the level of air and water pollution,
cause damage or injury. three different types of tests can be conducted:
(C) Because they can get lost inside the 1. A physical test
computer case. 2. A chemical test
(D) Because they can distract the user from 3. A biological test
performing the repair correctly.
An 63. According to the document, how is air pollution
mostly caused?
(b) because they can conduct electricity and
cause damage or injury. An
Metal is an excellent conductor of electricity. Level, the keyboard is too high for the wrists. If
Wearing metal accessories while working on you position the keyboard comfortably, you
powered-down but still potentially charged must hunch your neck to see the screen.
components creates a risk of short-circuiting the
40. Which of the following items is not a piece of (b) ensuring you have a fast and stable internet
ergonomic equipment recommended for connection.
preventing rsi? A fast internet connection is related to work
(A) An ergonomic keyboard. productivity and connectivity, not the physical
(B) A wrist rest. safety of working on computer hardware. The
(C) An ergonomic mouse. other options are all critical safety precautions
(D) A surge protector. to prevent electrical shock and damage to
An components.

(d) a surge protector. 43. Statemeat 1 to reduce eye strain, a work desk
A surge protector is an electrical safety device should have a high-reflectance, glossy surface.
that protects computer hardware from power Statemeat 2 a work chair should be stable and
spikes. While important for equipment safety, it allow the user’s feet to rest flat on the floor or a
is not considered ergonomic equipment footrest.
designed to prevent physical strain or injury to (A) Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.
the user. (B) Statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false.
(c) both statement 1 and statement 2 are
41. If a power cord must cross a pathway in the true.
office, what should be done to prevent a (d) both statement 1 and statement 2 are false.
tripping hazard?
(A) The cord should be a bright color like yellow
An
or orange. (b) statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false.
(B) The cord should be covered with a rug or Statement 1 is false; a desk should have a
mat. lowreflectance surface to reduce glare.
(C) The pathway should be closed off to all Statement 2 is a correct and fundamental
employees. principle of ergonomic seating to ensure proper
(D) It should be marked with hazard tape to posture and support.
make it clearly visible.
44. The practice of taking short, regular breaks
An while working on a computer is primarily
(d) it should be marked with hazard tape to intended to:
make it clearly visible. (A) Stretch your muscles, keep blood flowing,
Loose cords and wires are a common tripping and rest your eyes.
hazard. If a cord cannot be routed away from a (B) Check for important emails and messages
walkway, it must be clearly marked with from colleagues.
highvisibility hazard tape to alert people to its (C) Allow the computer’s processor to cool
presence and prevent accidents. down after heavy use.
(D) Plan out the next several hours of your
42. All of the following are crucial cautions to take workday.
while working with computer hardware except:
(A) Removing metal accessories like rings and
An
watches. (a) stretch your muscles, keep blood flowing,
(B) Ensuring you have a fast and stable internet and rest your eyes.
connection. The main health purpose of taking breaks is to
(C) Using a battery backup system for stable counteract the negative physical effects of
voltage. sedentary work. Breaks allow you to move and
(D) Avoiding contact with water when handling stretch, which improves circulation, and to look
electrical components. away from the screen, which gives your eyes a
An much-needed rest.
45. A document holder is recommended as part of Answer the questions:
an ergonomic workstation to: 81. Explain the main causes of air and water
(A) Keep important documents secure under pollution in a workplace context and the
lock and key. guidelines to prevent them.
(B) Prevent strain from excessive head and eye
movement. An
(C) Make the desk look more organized and Air pollution is mostly caused by the production
professional. of dust, solid particles, and gases. Extensive use
(D) Provide a secondary surface for writing of vehicles also contributes. To prevent this,
notes. organizations should avoid dust production and
Artificial lighting from computer screens can limit vehicle use. Water pollution is often
trick your brain and suppress its release of caused by human activities like sewage and
melatonin, which is a substance that helps wastewater. It’s crucial to ensure that human
regulate your sleeping patterns. waste is not mixed with clean water sources.
Additionally, the extensive use of fertilizers and
77. State two safety requirements for a computer
pesticides must be avoided to prevent
monitor.
groundwater pollution.
An
82. What is office ergonomics and why is it
Two important safety requirements for a important? Explain three key benefits of
monitor are that the screen image should be implementing good ergonomics.
stable with no flickering and that the screen
must be free of reflective glare and reflections. An
Office ergonomics is the science of designing
78. State two safety requirements for a work chair.
and arranging things so that people can use
An them easily and safely. It is important because a
poorly arranged workspace can lead to
A work chair should be stable and allow the user
discomfort and injury. Three key benefits of
to have easy movement. It must also have
good ergonomics are:
height adjustability to ensure a comfortable
1. It reduces the risk of accidents in the
sitting posture.
workplace.
79. Why should you use a surge protector when 2. It reduces the risk of injury and strain on the
working with a computer? body.
3. It improves productivity and performance as
An employees are more comfortable.
You should use a surge protector because it
83. Describe four common early warning signs of
helps to prevent damage to the computer’s
ergonomic problems, their potential causes, and
components that can be caused by static
the suggested solutions.
electricity.
An
80. Why is it important to remove metal accessories
before working on computer hardware? Four common warning signs of ergonomic issues
are:
An 1. Sore lower back: caused by no lumbar
You should remove metal accessories like rings, support. This can be fixed by using the
watches, and necklaces because they can backrest of the chair or adding a small
conduct electricity and have the potential to pillow.
damage computer components. 2. Stiff neck: caused by working with your head
turned or tilted. You can fix this by moving
 the monitor to the center of the desk or An
using a headphone for calls. Prolonged computer use can cause eye strain
3. Sore shoulders: caused by reaching forward because of the screen’s bright light, glare, and
for long periods. This can be solved by flickering images. Constantly focusing on the
moving closer to the keyboard. screen can also lead to dry eyes because you
4. Dry eyes: caused by forgetting to blink may forget to blink. Four ways to reduce these
often. The solution is to rest your eyes risks are:
periodically and do simple eye exercises. 1. Adjust the brightness of the computer
84. What are musculoskeletal problems? Explain screen.
four specific tips to avoid these problems when 2. Reposition the screen to avoid glare from
setting up your computer workstation. lights or windows.
3. Wear anti-glare glasses while working on
An the computer.
Musculoskeletal problems are characterized by 4. Give your eyes periodic breaks and perform
pain or discomfort in the neck, back, chest, frequent blinking.
arms, shoulders, or feet due to poor posture 87. Describe how computer use can contribute to
and incorrect workstation setup. Four tips to obesity and stress disorders. What preventive
avoid these problems are: measures are suggested for each?
1. Position your computer so the end of the
monitor is at your eye level. An
2. Keep your neck in a neutral position with Spending long hours on the computer often
the monitor directly ahead. leads to a lack of physical activity, which
3. Maximize contact of your back against the increases the risk of obesity. To prevent this,
backrest of your chair. one should take regular breaks to move around
4. Always take small breaks to stretch your and incorporate exercise between work
muscles and rest your eyes. sessions. Increased pressure at the workplace
85. What is occupational overuse syndrome (rsi)? combined with prolonged computer use can
Describe its common symptoms and three also lead to stress disorders. To prevent this, it’s
preventive measures. suggested to practice stress-relief activities like
yoga and meditation.
An
88. Why is prolonged laptop use problematic for
Occupational overuse syndrome, or rsi, is a ergonomics? What are the three suggested
range of conditions characterized by discomfort solutions to avoid injuries?
or persistent pain in muscles, tendons, and
other soft tissues, often with or without physical An
signs. Common symptoms include pain in the Prolonged laptop use is problematic because on
neck, shoulders, or wrists, and carpal tunnel a laptop, the screen and keyboard are too close
syndrome. together for proper ergonomics. This forces a
Three preventive measures are: user into an uncomfortable posture. If you raise
1. Maintain proper posture: keep elbows close the screen to a comfortable height, it strains
to the body while typing. your arms and shoulders to type, but if you keep
2. Avoid excess pressure: don’t grip the mouse the keyboard comfortable, you are forced to
too tightly and keep wrists straight. bend your neck, causing pain. The suggested
3. Use ergonomic equipment: choose an solutions are:
ergonomic keyboard and mouse. 1. Use a laptop stand to keep the screen at eye
86. Explain how prolonged computer use can lead level.
to eye strain. List four ways to reduce the risk of 2. Use a separate mouse and keyboard.
visual problems.
 3. Use a desktop computer for long hours of An
work. Proper lighting is essential to prevent eye strain.
89. How can computer screens affect your sleep? You should maintain good contrast between the
What are the suggested solutions to prevent screen and the background. Managing
sleeping problems? reflections and glare is equally important.
Workstations should be positioned to avoid
An direct glare from windows or bright surfaces. A
The artificial lighting from computer screens can good practice is to position the workstation at a
trick your brain and suppress its release of 90° angle to the light source. Using blinds on
melatonin. Melatonin is a substance that assists windows can also help reduce glare.
with your sleeping patterns, so suppressing it 93. Describe the safety requirements related to
can lead to sleeping problems. Two suggested noise, heat, and space for a computer
solutions to this problem are: 1. Avoid screen workstation.
use before bedtime.
2. Use blue light filters or night mode on your An
devices. For a safe computer workstation:
Reducing screen exposure helps improve overall Noise: equipment noise should be minimized to
sleep quality. avoid distracting the user. Noise-canceling
90. List and explain the health and safety earphones can be used if needed.
requirements for a computer monitor and a 1. Heat: it’s important to ensure that the
keyboard. equipment does not generate excess heat,
which could cause discomfort for the user.
An 2. Space: the workstation should provide
For a monitor, you should use a modern led enough space for the user to be able to
monitor of an appropriate size. The screen change positions and vary their movements
image must be stable with no flickering, and it easily.
should be free of reflective glare. 94. List four important cautions one must take
For a keyboard, it should be tilted and while working with computer hardware and
detachable to allow for a comfortable working electrical connections.
posture. It’s also recommended to choose a
matte-finished keyboard to prevent glare. An

91. List and explain the health and safety Four important cautions to observe are:
requirements for a work desk and a work chair. 1. Use a surge protector: this helps prevent
damage to computer components from
An static electricity.
A work desk should be large enough to arrange 2. Remove metal accessories: items like rings
the monitor, keyboard, and other equipment and watches can conduct electricity and
flexibly. It should have a low-reflectance surface should be removed before working on
to reduce eye strain. hardware.
A work chair must be stable and allow for easy 3. Unplug power sources: always disconnect
movement. It needs to be height-adjustable for cables before you start working on any
a comfortable posture, and it should allow the internal hardware.
user’s feet to rest flat on the floor or on a 4. Avoid water while working with electricity:
footrest. never touch or try to repair any electrical
equipment or circuits with wet hands.
92. Explain the importance of proper lighting and
managing reflections and glare in a computer 95. If you have a sore lower back and eye strain
workplace. from computer use, what are the potential
 causes and solutions for these issues according 97. A large corporate campus is creating a “green
to the provided material? initiative” policy to reduce its environmental
impact. A major concern is the air pollution
An caused by the large number of cars driven by
According to the material: employees daily. They are drafting guidelines to
1. A sore lower back is potentially caused by promote cleaner air within the campus.
having no lumbar support from your chair. Quentioan
The suggested solution is to use the 1. What is air pollution mostly caused by?
backrest of the chair properly or to put a 2. To combat air pollution from vehicles, what
small pillow or a dedicated lumbar support practice is suggested for every week?
on the backrest. 3. How should an organization manage the use
2. Eye strain and sore eyes can be caused by of automobile vehicles on its campus?
glare from overhead lights or windows. To 4. Which gas, often called smog, must be kept
fix this, you should re-orient your desk and at a low level to prevent air pollution?
computer so that the light source is not
An
directly behind or in front of your screen.
1. Air pollution is mostly caused by the
production of dust, a mixture of solid
particles, and gases in the air.
Ml mle slltho 2. The document suggests practicing a ”no
96. An it company has noticed a decline in employee vehicle day” every week.
well-being and an increase in sick days. The 3. An organization must use a limited number
management suspects that the quality of the of vehicles.
office environment might be the cause. They 4. The generation of ozone (o3) gas must be
decide to investigate the quality of essential kept at a low level.
resources like air and water within the
98. A food processing plant is situated near a
workplace to ensure a healthy setting for their
farming community that relies on groundwater
staff.
for irrigation. The local authorities are
Quentioan inspecting the plant to ensure its activities do
1. What are two fundamental quality not contaminate the water sources, paying
measures that an organization must ensure close attention to waste disposal and the use of
for its workplace? agricultural chemicals on its premises.
2. According to workplace quality standards,
Quentioan
what are two environmental problems that
1. What common human activities often
employees should not have to face?
pollute water?
3. To measure the quality of air or water, what
2. To protect clean water sources, what must
are the three types of tests that can be
be ensured regarding human waste?
conducted?
3. The extensive use of which two substances
4. What specific value can be measured to
can pollute groundwater and must be
check the quality of water?
avoided?
An 4. What is the specific type of water body
1. An organization must ensure good water polluted by the extensive use of fertilizers
quality and good air quality. and pesticides?
2. Employees shouldn’t have to face problems An
like polluted air and polluted water.
1. Sewage and wastewater from human
3. The three types of tests are physical test,
activities often pollute water.
chemical test, and biological test.
2. It must be ensured that human waste is not
4. The ph value can be measured to check
mixed with clean water sources.
water quality.
 3. The extensive use of fertilizers and 3. What is the likely cause of sore shoulders
pesticides must be avoided. for someone working at a desk?
4. The extensive use of these substances can 4. What is the suggested adjustment to relieve
pollute groundwater. sore shoulders?
99. An hr manager wants to conduct a workshop on An
“office ergonomics.” The goal is to educate 1. A potential cause is holding the telephone
employees on how arranging their workspace between the ear and shoulder.
correctly can prevent injuries and make them
2. The recommended solution is to use a
more productive. She prepares a presentation
headphone.
explaining the concept and its benefits for both
3. The likely cause is reaching forward for long
the employees and the company.
periods or reaching forward frequently.
Quentioan 4. The suggestion is to move closer to the
1. How is “office ergonomics” defined?
keyboard and bring the mouse down to the
2. What is one of the key benefits of
level of the keyboard.
ergonomics related to the risk of injury?
3. How does implementing good ergonomics 101. A company has set up new workstations, but
impact employee productivity? within weeks, employees start reporting
4. Besides reducing injury, ergonomics also musculoskeletal issues. The main complaints are
reduces the risk of what? neck and back pain. The management provides
An a set of guidelines to help employees adjust
their computer setups correctly to alleviate
1. Office ergonomics is the science of
these problems.
designing and arranging things so people
can use them easily and safely. Quentioan
2. Ergonomics reduces the risk of injury and 1. What are musculoskeletal problems
strain. primarily caused by?
3. It improves productivity and performance. 2. To avoid neck pain, what is the correct
4. Ergonomics also reduces the risk of vertical position for a computer monitor?
accidents. 3. What is the recommended viewing distance
from the computer screen?
100. An employee, rohan, has been complaining 4. What should employees do periodically
about a stiff neck and sore shoulders after long while working to stretch their muscles and
workdays. A health and safety officer consults a rest their eyes?
guide to identify the potential causes and
recommend solutions based on his symptoms. An
Early waraiag siga Poteatial caune 1. They are due to poor posture and incorrect
workstation setup.
Stiff neck Holding a telephone 2. The top of the monitor should be at your
between the ear and eye level.
shoulder. 3. The monitor should be at least an arm’s
length distance, or 20 to 30 inches away.
Sore shoulders Reaching forward for
4. They should always take small breaks while
long periods. working.
Quentioan
1. What is the potential cause of a stiff neck 102. A medical transcriptionist who types for over
mentioned in the table? eight hours a day develops pain and numbness
2. What is the recommended solution if the
in her hands and wrists. This condition, known
stiff neck is caused by holding a telephone? as occupational overuse syndrome, is caused by
her highly repetitive tasks and poor wrist
 posture. The company decides to provide safety requirements. They are creating a
ergonomic equipment and training. purchasing guide for ergonomic equipment,
Quentioan including specifications for monitors, keyboards,
1. What is another name for occupational desks, and chairs to provide a safe and
overuse syndrome? comfortable environment.
2. What syndrome, which causes pain and Quentioan
numbness in the hands and arms, is a 1. According to safety requirements, the
common symptom? screen image on a monitor should be stable
3. To prevent this condition, what advice is and have no what?
given about gripping the mouse? 2. To prevent glare, what kind of finish should
4. What type of equipment is recommended to a keyboard have?
help prevent repetitive strain injuries (rsi)? 3. A work desk should have a low-reflectance
surface to reduce what?
An 4. An ergonomic work chair must be stable
1. It is also known as repetition strain injury and have what key feature?
(rsi). An
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common
symptom. 1. The screen image should have no flickering.
3. The advice is to not grip the mouse too 2. The keyboard should have a matte-finished
tightly. surface.
4. Ergonomic equipment, like an ergonomic 3. It helps reduce eye strain.
keyboard and mouse, is recommended. 4. A key feature is height adjust ability.

[Link] the office lighting was changed, many 105. An it technician is preparing to perform
employees started experiencing headaches and maintenance inside a desktop computer. Before
eye strain. The bright, direct light causes starting, he reviews the company’s list of safety
significant glare on their computer screens. To cautions for handling electronic hardware to
resolve this, management issues guidelines for prevent electrical shock to himself and damage
adjusting workstations to minimize vision- to the sensitive components of the computer.
related problems. Quentioan Quentioan
1. What two symptoms are associated with 1. What device should be used with a
computer vision syndrome? computer to prevent damage from static
2. Forgetting to do what simple action while electricity?
focusing on a screen can lead to dry eyes? 2. Why is it important to remove metal
3. What specific accessory can be worn to accessories like rings or watches before
reduce eye strain from screen glare? working on hardware?
4. To avoid direct glare from windows, how 3. What is the most critical first step before
should a workstation be positioned relative working on any computer hardware?
to the light source? 4. What is the absolute rule regarding water
when working with electricity?
An
An
1. Eye strain, blurry vision, watering eyes, and
headaches are common symptoms. 1. A surge protector should be used.
2. Forgetting to blink can lead to dry eyes. 2. They can conduct electricity and damage
3. Anti-glare glasses can be worn. components.
4. The workstation should be positioned at 90° 3. You must unplug power sources and
to the light source. disconnect cables before working.
4. Never touch or try repairing any electrical
104.A startup is furnishing its new office and wants equipment or circuits with wet hands.
to ensure all workstations meet health and
 [Link].

Chapter 15 prevent accidents and

emergencies
Suumar 2.4 ACTING WITHIN YOUR RESPONSIBILITY
Provide medical help to an injured person only if
you are certified to do so. Otherwise, you
1. Introduction to accidents should wait for professionals to arrive.
and emergencies
2.5 FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS
1.1 AN ACCIDENT Always follow the instructions given by senior
An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled, or staff or emergency services, as they are trained
unforeseen event that results in injury or harm to handle these situations. Work under their
to people and damage to goods. An example is a supervision when managing accidents and
person falling and getting injured or a glass item emergencies.
breaking after being knocked over.
1.2 AN EMERGENCY 3. Common types of accidents
An emergency is a serious situation or crisis that
3.1 TRIPS AND FALLS
requires immediate attention and action. For
People can trip on carelessly left items like loose
example, a customer having a heart attack or a
wires or goods in aisles, which can lead to
fire breaking out in the workplace are
injuries ranging from simple bruises to serious
emergencies that need an immediate response.
fractures.
2. Guidelines for handling accidents and 3.2 SLIPS AND FALLS
emergencies Slips are often caused by negligence, such as
wet floors, spilled liquids, or uneven walking
2.1 IDENTIFYING AND REPORTING surfaces like broken tiles. Warning signs like
You should be able to identify accidents and
“wet floor” or “watch your steps” should be
emergencies within your organization. The
used to caution people.
organization’s policies and guidelines are the
best resource for this. It is important to be 3.3 ESCALATOR OR ELEVATOR ACCIDENTS
aware of the specific procedures for handling These are uncommon but mainly affect children,
each type of incident. ladies, and the elderly. Injuries can occur from
falling on escalators or from the sudden, jerking
2.2 GETTING HELP
movement of elevators. People can also get
You must act promptly according to the
stuck in elevators, leading to panic. These
established guidelines for a particular accident
machines should be checked regularly for safe
or emergency. Ensure that you provide help and
functioning.
support as laid out in the policies. Do not act
outside the scope of your role. Only trained and
certified professionals are authorized to make
decisions beyond the organization’s policies.
2.3 PREVENTING FURTHER INJURY
When someone is injured, do not act on
impulse. Stay calm and follow the procedures
outlined in your organization’s policy for
handling injuries.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

6. If an employee witnesses a colleague get (D) Injuries caused by elevators.

injured, but the employee is not certified in first An
aid, what is the correct course of action?
(A) Immediately try to provide complex medical (b) slips and falls.
help based on what they’ve seen on tv. Slips occur when there is a loss of traction
(B) Follow company procedures, stay calm, and between a person’s footwear and the walking
wait for certified professionals to arrive. surface. This is most commonly caused by
(C) Leave the scene immediately to avoid hazards like wet floors from spills or mopping,
getting involved in the situation. or walking on loose or uneven surfaces like
(D) Move the injured person to a different broken tiles.
location without assessing their injuries. 9. How does a “trip and fall” accident typically
An differ from a “slip and fall” accident in terms of
(b) follow company procedures, stay calm, and its cause?
wait for certified professionals to arrive. (A) A trip is caused by a loss of traction, while a
The guideline is to act within the limits of your slip is caused by catching your foot on an
responsibility. If you are not certified to provide object.
medical aid, your role is to call for professional (B) A trip is caused by catching your foot on an
help, keep the area safe, and follow company object, while a slip is caused by a loss of
procedures while waiting for trained responders traction on a surface.
to take over. (C) A trip only happens on stairs, while a slip
only happens on flat surfaces.
7. Why is it important to follow the instructions of (D) A trip is always caused by employee
senior staff or emergency services during a negligence, while a slip is an unavoidable
crisis? event.
(A) Because they are always looking for ways to An
test junior employees.
(B) To ensure that the response is coordinated,
(b) a trip is caused by catching your foot on an
efficient, and avoids further harm. object, while a slip is caused by a loss of traction
on a surface.
(C) Because following their instructions is
The key difference is the mechanism of the fall.
optional but often recommended.
A trip happens when a person’s foot strikes an
(D) To help them complete their tasks more
object (like a loose wire or box), causing them to
quickly so they can leave the scene. stumble. A slip happens when the foot loses its
An grip on the floor (due to water, oil, or ice).
(b) to ensure that the response is coordinated, 10. A retail store employee notices that goods have
efficient, and avoids further harm. been piled insecurely on a high shelf. This
During an emergency, a clear chain of command situation presents a risk for which type of
is crucial. Senior staff and emergency services accident?
personnel are trained to manage the situation. (A) Injuries caused due to escalators.(b) slips
Following their instructions ensures that all and falls.
actions are coordinated, preventing confusion (C) Accidents due to falling of goods.
and additional risks. (D) Trips and falls.
8. Which type of accident is mainly caused by wet An
floors, spilling of liquids, or broken and uneven (c) accidents due to falling of goods.
walking surfaces? Improperly stacked or secured items on shelves
(A) Trips and falls. create a direct hazard. The goods can easily
(B) Slips and falls. become dislodged and fall, potentially causing
(C) Accidents due to falling goods.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

serious injury to employees or customers who the environment. Unlike a simple accident, it
are standing or walking below the shelves. demands urgent, coordinated action to mitigate
its impact, such as a sudden fire or a medical
11. All of the following are listed as potential causes crisis.
for injuries on elevators except:
(A) Falling down due to a sudden, jerking 3. What is the primary difference between an
movement. accident and an emergency?
(B) Getting stuck inside the elevator, leading to (A) An accident always involves injury, while an
panic. emergency only involves property damage.
(C) The slow and smooth closing of the elevator (B) An emergency is a serious crisis needing
doors. immediate action, while an accident is a
(D) Tripping on the threshold of the elevator. broader, unplanned event.
Usultiul cht l slltho (C) An accident is always a major event, while
1. Which of the following best defines an an emergency is a minor, unforeseen issue.
“accident” in a workplace setting? (D) An emergency is planned and controlled,
(A) A serious crisis situation that requires whereas an accident is always unexpected.
immediate and planned action. An
(B) An event that is planned and controlled to (b) an emergency is a serious crisis needing
test safety procedures. immediate action, while an accident is a
(C) An unplanned, uncontrolled, or unforeseen broader, unplanned event.
event resulting in injury or harm. While both are unplanned, the key difference is
(D) A deliberate action taken by an employee the level of urgency and scale. An emergency,
that results in property damage. like a fire, is a critical situation demanding an
An immediate, structured response. An accident,
like a slip, is an unfortunate event that may or
(c) an unplanned, uncontrolled, or unforeseen may not escalate to an emergency.
event resulting in injury or harm.
An accident is characterized by its unexpected 4. When an accident or emergency occurs, what
nature. It is an unforeseen event that happens should be an employee’s first resource for
without intention and leads to negative guidance on how to respond?
consequences, such as physical injury to people (A) Their own personal impulse or gut feeling
or damage to goods and property within the about the situation.
workplace. (B) The advice of colleagues who are not
trained in safety procedures.
2. How is an “emergency” defined in the context (C) The organization’s established policies and
of a workplace? procedural guidelines.
(A) A minor incident that can be handled during (D) Online videos and articles about similar
routine operations. types of incidents.
(B) A scheduled event, such as a fire drill or
safety inspection. An
(C) An unforeseen event that results in minor (c) the organization’s established policies and
damage to goods. procedural guidelines.
(D) A serious or crisis situation that requires The best guide for responding to any incident is
immediate attention and action. the set of formal policies and procedures
An created by the organization. These guidelines
are designed to ensure a consistent, safe and
(d) a serious or crisis situation that requires effective response, removing guesswork and
immediate attention and action. personal impulse from the situation.
An emergency is a critical situation that poses
an immediate threat to health, life, property, or
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

5. According to safety guidelines, who is typically 18. In which of the following emergency situations
authorized to take decisions or actions that go would an evacuation be necessary?
beyond an organization’s established policies? (A) A minor cut or burn that can be treated with
(A) Any employee who has been with the a first aid kit.
company for over five years. (B) A power outage that is expected to last for
(B) The employee with the most senior job title less than five minutes.
in the department. (C) A disagreement between two colleagues in
(C) Properly trained and certified professionals, the break room.
such as paramedics or firefighters. (D) A fire, gas leak, or credible bomb threat.
(D) The first person to witness the accident or An
emergency event.
(d) a fire, gas leak, or credible bomb threat.
An Evacuation is the process of moving people
(c) properly trained and certified professionals, away from an immediate and serious threat.
such as paramedics or firefighters. Situations like a fire, a leak of hazardous gas, or
Acting outside of established organizational a bomb threat make the building unsafe,
policies is reserved for those with specialized requiring everyone to be moved to a safe
training and legal authority. Certified location quickly.
professionals have the expertise to make critical
decisions in emergency situations that fall 19. According to the text, what are the three main
beyond the scope of a standard employee’s types of fire hazards to evaluate in most
role. facilities?
It is a critical safety rule to never use elevators (A) Water damage, chemical spills, and
or escalators during an emergency like a fire. structural collapse.
They can lose power and trap people inside. The (B) Poor lighting, excessive noise, and
only safe way to evacuate is by using the stairs. uncomfortable temperatures.
(C) Electrical hazards, combustible materials,
17. What is the primary reason for having a and flammable materials.
designated emergency assembly area? (D) Untrained staff, outdated policies, and lack
(A) To provide a comfortable place for of security cameras.
employees to wait until the emergency is An
over. (c) electrical hazards, combustible materials,
(B) To allow management to conduct a and flammable materials.
headcount and check if anyone is missing. A fire risk assessment typically focuses on the
(C) To serve as a media briefing location for three elements of the fire triangle: heat, fuel,
reporters and news crews. and oxygen. This translates to evaluating
(D) To keep employees away from the building ignition sources (electrical hazards), and fuel
so emergency services have more space. sources (combustible and flammable materials)
An within the workplace.
(b) to allow management to conduct a 20. An employee notices that an emergency exit is
headcount and check if anyone is missing. partially blocked by a stack of boxes. What is
The assembly area is a safe, pre-determined the correct action to take?
location where everyone gathers after (A) Assume that someone will move the boxes
evacuating. Its main purpose is to facilitate a later in the day.
quick and accurate roll call to verify that (B) Use a different exit if an emergency occurs.
everyone has safely exited the building and to (C) Immediately report the obstruction to a
identify any missing persons for emergency supervisor so it can be cleared.
services. (D) Add more boxes to the stack to keep them
organized in one place.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

An (C) To enable a quick response to extinguish a

(c) immediately report the obstruction to a small fire before it spreads and becomes
supervisor so it can be cleared. uncontrollable.
A blocked exit is a serious safety violation that (D) So they can assist the fire department by
could have fatal consequences in an emergency. fighting large fires alongside them.
The proper response is to never block exits and An
to report any obstructions immediately to
ensure they are cleared and remain accessible. (c) to enable a quick response to extinguish a
small fire before it spreads and becomes
21. Why is it important for all employees to know uncontrollable.
the location of fire extinguishers and how to use The first few moments of a fire are critical. If
them? employees are trained and know where
(A) So they can practice using them on small, extinguishers are, they may be able to safely put
controlled fires for training. out a small, incipient fire, preventing it from
(B) Because using a fire extinguisher is a growing into a major, life-threatening
mandatory part of every employee’s job emergency.
description.
An (a) to provide all necessary items to deal with (c) the slow and smooth closing of the
elevator common problems like cuts, burns and doors. Headaches.
Slow and smooth door operation is a safety feature, (b) to store medication prescribed to individual not
a cause of injury. The listed causes of elevator employees by their doctors.
Accidents are related to malfunctions, such as (c) to act as a primary treatment center for all
sudden movements, or user-related incidents like major surgical emergencies.
Tripping at the entrance or becoming trapped. (d) to be used only by certified medical
professionals like doctors and nurses.
12. What is the first step an employee should take when
handling an accident where a person has an
Been injured? (a) to provide all necessary items to deal with
(A) Immediately start investigating the cause of common problems like cuts, burns, and headaches.
The accident. A first aid kit is intended to provide immediate
(B) Attend to the injured person and ensure they and temporary care for common, minor injuries
receive first aid or medical help. And ailments. It should be easily accessible and
(C) Inform their supervisor before taking any stocked with essential supplies to handle incidents other
action. Like small cuts, burns, or muscle cramps until
(D) Take photos of the scene for the official professional medical help is available if needed.
Accident report.
15. To ensure electrical safety, what should be carried
An out routinely by qualified staff?
(B) Attend to the injured person and ensure they (a) increasing the voltage capacity of all electrical
receive first aid or medical help. Outlets.
The immediate priority in any accident involving (b) inspections of all wiring to check for damaged
an injury is the well-being of the person. The first or broken wires. Action should always be to assess
the situation and (c) replacing all light bulbs with higher wattage ensure the injured individual
receives appropriate models.
And prompt medical attention or first aid. (d) training all employees to perform
complex electrical repairs.
13. After attending to an injured person and informing a
supervisor, what is the next important role for an
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

An employee in handling an accident? (b) inspections of all wiring to check for damaged (a) to leave the
workplace for the day to recover or broken wires. From the stress. Proactive maintenance is key to
electrical safety.
(B) To tell other colleagues about the incident in routine inspections by qualified electricians are detail.
Necessary to identify and repair potential hazards (c) to determine who was at fault and assign like
frayed or damaged wiring before they can blame for the accident. Cause an electrical shock or fire
emergency.
(d) to assist the supervisor in investigating the
Cause to prevent future incidents. 16. During an emergency evacuation, all of the following are
recommended actions except:
An (a) guiding customers toward the nearest
(d) to assist the supervisor in investigating the emergency exits. Cause to prevent future incidents. (b)
using the escalators or elevators to leave the a key part of accident handling is learning from it. Building
more quickly.
After the immediate needs of the injured person (c) proceeding to a designated emergency are met,
employees should help their supervisor assembly area.
Investigate the root cause. This information is (d) assisting a person with a disability to move vital for
implementing measures to prevent similar towards an exit. Accidents from happening again. An

14. What is the primary purpose of a first aid kit in (b) using the
escalators or elevators to leave the the workplace?
Building more quickly.
3.4 accidents from falling goods 4.3 EVACUATION PROCEDURES
Evacuation involves quickly and safely moving
Goods can fall from shelves and injure people if
people from a location during an emergency like
they are piled improperly. Always ensure that
a fire, earthquake, or bomb threat.
items are placed securely.
1. Leave the premises immediately and move
3.5 accidents from moving objects to the nearest emergency exit.
Moving objects like trolleys can cause injuries. 2. Guide customers to the exits and assist
Improperly kept props, such as those with nails people with disabilities if possible.
sticking out, or loosely plugged lighting fixtures 3. Do not use elevators or escalators; use the
can also lead to accidents like cuts or electric stairs instead.
shocks. 4. Go to the designated emergency assembly
area.
4. Handling specific emergencies 5. Check for missing colleagues and inform the
person in charge.
4.1 FIRST AID
First aid kits should be easily accessible to
5. Fire safety and prevention
employees. They should contain all essential
items for common issues like cuts, burns, and 5.1 FIRE HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
headaches. The first step in fire safety is to assess fire
hazards. The main types are electrical hazards,
4.2 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
combustible materials, and flammable
Employees must receive instructions on
materials. Fires are often caused by damaged
electrical safety, such as keeping food and water
electrical cords, overloaded circuits, or the
away from electrical equipment. Routine
improper storage of flammable materials.
inspections of all wiring should be carried out by
electrical staff to check for damage. 5.2 FIRE PREVENTION
1. All employees should know the location of
fire extinguishers and how to use them.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

2. Never block access to exits, fire An (a)

extinguishers, or electrical panels.
class a.
3. Do not use flammable materials near
electrical equipment. Class a fires involve ordinary combustible
4. Fire extinguishers must be inspected materials like wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and
regularly. plastics. These are common materials found in
most environments, and the primary
5.3 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE MATERIALS extinguishing agent for them is often water.
The fire materials are classified in the following
class : 23. How does a class c fire differ from a class b fire?
1. Class a: materials like wood, cloth, and (A) Class c involves metals, while class b
paper. involves ordinary combustibles.
2. Class b: liquids, grease, and gases. (B) Class c involves energized electrical
3. Class c: electrical materials and equipment. equipment, while class b involves flammable
4. Class d: volatile materials that ignite quickly, liquids and gases.
such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium. (C) Class c involves flammable liquids, while
class b involves energized electrical
5.4 USING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER equipment.
Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the (D) Class c fires cannot be extinguished, while
handle. Squeeze the lever and aim the nozzle at class b fires are easy to put out.
the base of the fire, sweeping from side to side.
The type of extinguisher used must be suitable An
for the class of fire. (b) class c involves energized electrical
equipment, while class b involves flammable
6. First aid for electrical emergencies liquids and gases.
Electrical rescue techniques The key distinction is the fuel source. Class b
1. Never rush into an accident site. Call for fires involve flammable liquids like gasoline or
emergency services (e.g., 108) as soon as grease, and flammable gases. Class c fires
possible. specifically involve energized electrical
2. Visually check if the victim is in contact with equipment, where there is a risk of electric
an electrified conductor before touching shock if the wrong extinguisher is used.
them.
3. Switch off the electrical circuit if possible. 24. A fire starts in a wastebasket containing paper
4. If you cannot turn off the power, use a and cardboard. According to the provided chart,
nonconductive material to move the victim which type of fire extinguisher would be
away from the conductor. suitable for use?
5. Special training and protective equipment (A) Only a carbon dioxide (co2) extinguisher.
are required for high-voltage rescues. (B) Water, mechanical foam, or an abc dry
powder extinguisher.
6.1 PROVIDING FIRST AID (C) Only an extinguisher designed for class d
A victim may require cpr. If the person is metal fires.
breathing and has a heartbeat, provide first aid (D) Only a dry chemical powder [Link]
for their injuries. Ensure the victim receives
(b) water, mechanical foam, or an abc dry
medical care as soon as possible.
powder extinguisher.
A fire involving paper and cardboard is a class a
22. Materials such as wood, cloth, and paper, which
fire. The chart indicates that water, mechanical
will burn once exposed to a heat source, are
foam, and abc dry powder extinguishers are all
classified as what fire class?
suitable for extinguishing class a fires.
(A) Class a(b) class b (c) class c
(d) class d
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

25. What is the correct sequence of actions for (C) Never rush in; approach cautiously and call
using a fire extinguisher? for emergency help (e.g., 108) as soon as
(A) Squeeze the lever, pull the pin, and then possible.
sweep the nozzle. (D) Take a video of the scene to have a record
(B) Break the seal and pull the pin, squeeze the of the event.
lever, and sweep the nozzle on the fire An
zone.
(C) Sweep the nozzle from side to side, then (c) never rush in; approach cautiously and call
pull the pin and squeeze the lever. for emergency help (e.g., 108) as soon as
(D) Focus the nozzle on the fire, pull the pin, possible. The first rule of any rescue is to ensure
and then break the seal. your own safety. Rushing into an electrical
accident scene without assessing it can result in
An
you becoming a second victim. The correct
(b) break the seal and pull the pin, squeeze the procedure is to stay back, call for professional
lever, and sweep the nozzle on the fire zone. help, and then assess the scene safely.
The standard operating procedure for most
extinguishers follows the p.a.s.s. Method (pull, 28. If you cannot switch off the power source
aim, squeeze, sweep). This corresponds to during an electrical rescue, what should you use
pulling the pin, aiming the nozzle, squeezing the to move the victim away from the conductor?
lever to discharge the agent, and sweeping side (A) A metal pole or crowbar for its strength and
to side. rigidity.
(B) Your bare hands, as long as you are moving
26. Why is a person often unable to let go of an very quickly.
electrical conductor during an electric shock (C) A wet rope or cloth to provide a better grip.
accident? (D) A non-conductive material like a dry
(A) Because they are not strong enough to pull wooden stick or broom handle.
away from the conductor.
An
(B) Because the electrical current causes
involuntary muscle cramping. (d) a non-conductive material like a dry wooden
(C) Because they are trying to absorb the stick or broom handle.
electricity to protect others. To avoid becoming part of the electrical circuit,
(D) Because the heat from the conductor melts you must use an object that does not conduct
their hand to it. electricity. Dry wood, plastic, or rubber are
An examples of non-conductive materials that can
be used to safely push or pull a victim away
(b) because the electrical current causes from the live conductor.
involuntary muscle cramping.
When electricity passes through the body, it can 29. All of the following are important steps when
override the nervous system’s control of the examining the scene of an electrical accident
muscles. This often causes the hand and arm Except:
muscles to contract violently and involuntarily, (A) Visually checking if the victim is in contact
making it impossible for the victim to release with electrified conductors.
their grip on the conductor. (B) Touching the victim immediately to check if
they have a heartbeat.
27. You are the first person to arrive at the scene of (C) Being aware that nearby metal surfaces or
a potential electrical accident. What is the very objects may be electrified.
first and most crucial step you should take? (D) Switching off the electrical circuit if it is
(A) Immediately rush in and pull the victim possible and safe to do so.
away from the electrical source.
(B) Start administering first aid to the victim
An
without assessing the scene.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

(b) touching the victim immediately to check if belongings, and everyone must gather at the
they have a heartbeat. assembly point for a headcount.
You should never touch a victim of an electrical
accident until you are absolutely certain the 32. An accident caused by carelessly left loose
power is off and they are no longer in contact material such as wires or goods left in aisles is
with a live source. Touching them prematurely categorized as a __________.
could result in you receiving a severe electric (A) Slip and fall
shock. (B) Trip and fall
30. Why does high-voltage rescue require special (C) Fire hazard
training? (D) Moving object accident
(A) Because high-voltage electricity is less An
dangerous than low-voltage. (b) trip and fall.
(B) Because special training is needed to A trip is specifically caused by a person’s foot
operate the complex communication striking an obstacle, leading to a fall. Loose
equipment. materials like wires or items left in walkways are
(C) Because high voltage can arc or jump across common examples of such obstacles that create
gaps, creating a much larger danger zone. tripping hazards in a workplace.
(D) Because only people with special training
are allowed to call the emergency number. 33. What is the emergency phone number
An mentioned in the text for calling for help during
an electrical rescue? (a) 100
(c) because high voltage can arc or jump across (B) 101
gaps, creating a much larger danger zone. High (C) 102
voltage poses unique risks. Unlike lowvoltage, it (D) 108
doesn’t require direct contact to cause a shock;
it can arc through the air. This requires An (d)
specialized knowledge of safe approach 108.
distances and purpose-built protective
The document specifies that in the event of an
equipment, which is only gained through special
electrical accident, one should call 108 as soon
training.
as possible to summon emergency medical
31. Consider the following actions during an services. This number is a common emergency
emergency evacuation: service line in india for ambulance and medical
1. Use the elevator to get downstairs as assistance.
quickly as possible.
34. Flammable liquids, grease, and gases that burn
2. Leave your personal belongings behind
when exposed to an ignition source are
unless they are hand-held.
categorized as which class of fire?
3. Proceed to a designated emergency
(A) Class a(b) class b (c) class c
assembly area after exiting.
Which of the statements represent correct (d) class d
evacuation procedures? (a) only 1 and 2 An (b)
(B) Only 1 and 3
class b.
(C) Only 2 and 3
(D) All 1, 2, and 3 Class b fires are defined by their fuel source,
which includes all flammable liquids such as
An (c) only 2
gasoline and oil, as well as combustible gases.
and 3. These materials require specific extinguishing
Statement 1 is incorrect; elevators must never agents as water can often spread the fire.
be used. Statements 2 and 3 are correct
procedures. You should not delay your exit for
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

35. A fire breaks out involving energized electrical An

equipment. According to the chart, which type (a) both a and r are true, and r is the correct
of extinguisher should not be used? (a) abc dry explanation of a.
powder The assertion states a critical evacuation rule.
(B) Dry chemical powder The reason correctly explains the logic behind it:
(C) Carbon dioxide once an area is declared unsafe and evacuated,
(D) Water re-entry is forbidden because the original
An (d) hazard (like a fire) could still be active, posing a
serious threat to life.
water.
Using water on a class c (electrical) fire is 38. All of the following are examples of ignition
extremely dangerous because water conducts sources for a fire except:
electricity. This can lead to electrocution of the (A) Sparks from a metal saw.
person using the extinguisher and can spread (B) Open flames from a gas oven.
the electrical hazard. The chart explicitly marks (C) A non-flammable material like sand.
water as “not suitable” for class c fires. (D) Heat from a combustion engine.
36. Why is it important to never block access to fire An
extinguishers and electric switches?
(c) a non-flammable material like sand. An
(A) Because it makes the workplace look messy
ignition source is what provides the initial heat
and unprofessional.
or energy to start a fire. Sparks, open flames,
(B) Because these items need good air
circulation to function correctly.
(C) To ensure they are immediately accessible
in case of a fire or electrical emergency.
(D) To make it easier for cleaning staff to dust
them regularly.
An
(c) to ensure they are immediately accessible in
case of a fire or electrical emergency.
During an emergency, every second counts.
Access to safety equipment like fire
extinguishers and electrical panels must be kept
clear at all times. An obstruction could fatally
delay the response to a fire or the ability to shut
off power.

37. Nnertioa () after evacuating a building during

an emergency, you should not go back inside to
pick up belongings.
Reanoa (r) the area is not considered safe, and
re-entering could expose you to extreme danger
from the ongoing emergency.
(A) Both a and r are true, and r is the correct
explanation of a.
(B) Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct
explanation of a.
(C) A is true, but r is false.
(D) A is false, but r is true.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

Any
malfun
ctioning
?
An
Accidents involving escalators and elevators mainly happen to children, ladies, and the elderly. They
can be caused by falling on escalators or by tripping on an elevator’s threshold due to a sudden,
jerking movement. If you notice any sign of malfunctioning, you should immediately inform the right
people. If the organization’s procedures are not being followed for maintenance, you should
escalate the issue to the appropriate authorities.

85. Describe the general steps for evacuation during an emergency. Mention at least four key actions.
An
During an emergency, a swift and safe evacuation is crucial. Key actions to take include:
1. Leave the premises immediately and start moving towards the nearest emergency exit.
2. Guide your customers to the emergency exits.
3. Do not use the escalators or elevators (lifts) to avoid getting trapped.
4. Once outside, go to the designated emergency assembly area.
5. Check if any colleagues are missing and immediately inform the person in charge.

86. What are the three main types of fire hazards in a workplace? Give an example for each.
An
The three main types of fire hazards to evaluate are:
1. Electrical hazards: these are a common cause of fires and include things like damaged extension
cords, overloaded circuits, or arc flash events.
2. Combustible materials: these are materials like wood or paper that will continue to burn once
exposed to a heat source.
3. Flammable materials: this includes liquids, grease, and gases that burn when exposed to ignition
sources, or the improper storage of such materials.

87. List four important fire prevention rules that should be followed in any workplace.
An
Four critical fire prevention rules are:
1. All employees must know where fire extinguishers are located and how to properly use them.
2. Never block access to exits, fire extinguishers, or electric switches and panels.
3. Fire extinguishers must be inspected regularly to ensure they are in working order.
4. You must report any defect in electrical, fire prevention, or material handling equipment to your
supervisor.

88. Explain the four classes of fire material (class a, b, c, and d) with an example for each class.
An
Fire materials are categorized into four classes:
1. Class a: these are materials like wood, cloth, and paper that will burn once ignited.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

2. Class b: this class includes all liquid, grease, and gas materials, like oil or gasoline, that burn
when exposed to an ignition source.
3. Class c: this refers to electrical materials and equipment, such as wiring or panels, which can
cause fires quickly.
4. Class d: this class consists of volatile materials that ignite easily, such as the metals magnesium,
potassium, and sodium.

89. Describe the four steps for operating a fire extinguisher.

An
To operate a fire extinguisher correctly, you should follow these four steps, often remembered by
the acronym pass:
1. Pull the safety pin from the handle after breaking the seal.
2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire zone.
3. Squeeze the lever to discharge the extinguishing agent.
4. Sweep the nozzle from side to side across the base of the fire.

90. Why is it dangerous to rush into an electrical accident site? Describe the correct initial steps for an
electrical rescue.
An
It is dangerous to rush into an electrical accident site because metal surfaces or even the victim
themselves may be electrified, and touching them can cause you to become part of the circuit. The
correct initial steps are:
Quickly, preventing a potential accident that could cause serious injuries to passengers.

45. A first aid kit in an office should be located where it is:

(A) Locked in the manager’s office for security.
(B) Kept in the company’s off-site storage facility.
(C) Stored in the basement where it will not be disturbed.
(D) Quickly accessible to all employees.
An
(d) quickly accessible to all employees.
The effectiveness of a first aid kit depends on its availability in an emergency. It must be kept in a
known, central location where any employee can access it quickly to provide immediate care for an
injury.

46. All of the following are listed as important emergency contact numbers to keep except:
(A) Police
(B) Fire brigade
(C) The company’s catering service
(D) Ambulance
An
(c) the company’s catering service. An emergency contact list should contain numbers for critical
response services. Police, fire brigade, and ambulance are essential emergency services. A catering
service is not relevant to handling a crisis like a fire or medical emergency.

47. Nnertioa () it is important to avoid using flammable materials near electrical panels or switches.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

Reanoa (r) an electrical fault or spark from the panel can easily ignite the flammable material,
causing a fire.
(A) Both a and r are true, and r is the correct explanation of a.
(B) Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a.
(C) A is true, but r is false.
(D) A is false, but r is true.
An
(a) both a and r are true, and r is the correct explanation of a.
The assertion states a key fire prevention rule. The reason correctly explains the underlying danger:
electrical equipment is a potential ignition source, and placing flammable materials (fuel) nearby
creates a high-risk situation where a fire can easily start.

48. After an electrical shock victim is safe and has a heartbeat, what is the next step?
(A) Ensure the victim gets medical care as soon as possible.
(B) Ask the victim to describe what happened in detail for the report.
(C) Allow the victim to go home and rest without seeing a doctor.
(D) Give the victim water and food to help them recover their strength.
An
(a) ensure the victim gets medical care as soon as possible.
Even if a victim seems fine after an electric shock, they may have internal injuries. It is crucial that
they receive a professional medical evaluation as soon as possible to diagnose and treat any
potential harm.

49. The life-saving technique that may be required for a victim who is not breathing and has no
heartbeat is known as:
(A) Triage
(B) Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
(C) High voltage rescue
(D) Fire extinguisher operation
An
(b) cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (cpr). Cpr is an emergency procedure that combines chest
compressions with artificial ventilation. It is performed to manually preserve brain function until
further measures can be taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person
in cardiac arrest.

50. Why should you never rush into an accident site, especially an electrical one?
Because you might get in the way of the emergency responders.
(A)
To avoid becoming a second victim by exposing yourself to the same hazard.
(B)
Because it is important to first find a witness to describe what happened.
(C)
To give the victim time to recover on their own without assistance.
(D)
An
(b) to avoid becoming a second victim by exposing yourself to the same hazard.
Rushing into an unassessed scene is dangerous. The original hazard, such as a live electrical wire,
may still be present. A cautious approach is necessary to ensure your own safety before you attempt
to provide any help.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

51. Injuries such as cuts can be caused by moving objects like improperly kept props with __________
coming out of them.
(A) Wires
(B) Lights
(C) Nails
(D) Paint
An
(c) nails.
The document provides a specific example of a hazard from a moving object or prop. It states that
nails protruding dangerously from props can cause cuts, highlighting the need for careful inspection
and maintenance of all workplace equipment.

52. A fire involving burning magnesium is discovered. Which fire class does this belong to, and what
does it imply about extinguishing it?
(A) Class a, so water is the best extinguishing agent.
(B) Class b, so it can be put out with mechanical foam.
(C) Class c, so a co2 extinguisher must be used.
(D) Class d, requiring a special extinguisher suitable for combustible metals.
An
(d) class d, requiring a special extinguisher suitable for combustible metals.
Magnesium is a combustible metal, making this a class d fire. These fires burn at extremely high
temperatures and can react violently with common agents like water. They require a special class d
extinguisher containing agents like dry powder.

53. Statemeat 1 after an evacuation, you should check if any colleagues are missing and inform the
person concerned.
Statemeat 2 you should not use stairs during an evacuation; elevators are safer.
(A) Statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.
(B) Statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false.(c) both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
(d) both statement 1 and statement 2 are false. An
(a) statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false. Statement 1 is a correct and vital step at the
assembly point to account for everyone’s safety. Statement 2 is false; it is a critical safety rule to
always use the stairs and never use elevators during an evacuation.

54. What is the main reason for avoiding acting on your “gut feeling” when someone is injured?
(A) Your gut feeling is usually wrong in emergency situations.
(B) Following company procedures ensures a standardized and safe response, preventing further
harm.
(C) Acting on impulse is against company policy and can lead to termination.
(D) Professional responders prefer to find the victim exactly as they were, without any intervention.
An
(b) following company procedures ensures a standardized and safe response, preventing further
harm.
Impulsive actions, even with good intentions, can sometimes make an injury worse. Company
procedures are designed based on best practices to provide a safe, consistent, and effective
response that minimizes the risk of causing additional harm.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

55. Which of the following is an example of an open flame that can act as an ignition source?
(A) A space heater.
(B) A welding torch.
(C) An overloaded circuit.
(D) A combustion engine.
An (b) a welding torch.
An open flame is a visible, direct source of ignition. The document lists welding torches, alongside
gas ovens and lighters, as a prime example of an open flame that can easily ignite flammable
materials in a workplace.

56. What is an “arc flash”?

(A) A type of fire alarm system.
(B) A sudden release of electrical energy through the air.
(C) A protective coating on electrical wires.
(D) A tool used by electricians for [Link]

(b) a sudden release of electrical energy through the air.

An arc flash is a dangerous event where an electric current leaves its intended path and travels
through the air from one conductor to another, or to the ground. It is mentioned as a common
cause of electrical fires.

57. While working, you see a frayed extension cord being used to power a heater. This represents what
type of fire hazard?
(A) A combustible material hazard.
(B) A flammable material hazard.
(C) An electrical hazard.
(D) A class d material hazard.
An
(c) an electrical hazard.
A damaged extension cord is a classic electrical hazard. The frayed wiring can lead to short circuits,
overheating, or sparks, any of which can act as an ignition source and cause a fire, especially when
used with a high-power device like a heater.

58. If you cannot switch off the power during a rescue, what personal protective equipment should you
wear?
(A) A hard hat and steel-toed boots.
(B) A reflective vest and safety glasses.
(C) Gloves and shoes.
(D) A respirator mask and hearing protection.
An (c) gloves and shoes.
When dealing with a live electrical circuit, insulation is key. The document specifies that you should
wear protective equipment like rubber gloves and insulated shoes to protect yourself from electric
shock while attempting a rescue.

59. Why must a physician attending an electrical shock victim have detailed information about the
incident?
(A) To properly diagnose and care for the victim, as electrical injuries can be complex.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

(B) So they can complete the company’s official accident report form.
(C) To determine if the company or the employee was at fault for the accident.
(D) To provide an estimated cost for the medical treatment. An
(a) to properly diagnose and care for the victim, as electrical injuries can be complex.
Electrical injuries can cause unseen internal damage. Detailed information about the voltage,
duration of contact, and path of the current helps the physician to accurately diagnose potential
injuries and provide the most appropriate and effective medical care.

60. When handling an accident, an employee should do all of the following except: (a) attend to the
injured person immediately.
(B) Act within the limits of their own responsibility and training.
(C) Inform their supervisor about the incident.
(D) Personally investigate and determine the final cause of the accident on their own.
An
(d) personally investigate and determine the final cause of the accident on their own.
While an employee should assist in the investigation, the final determination of cause and corrective
action is typically the responsibility of a supervisor or safety officer. The employee’s role is to help,
not to conduct the official investigation alone.

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61. Define an accident.

An
An accident is defined as an unplanned, uncontrolled, or unforeseen event that results in injury or
harm to people and can also cause damages to goods.

62. Define an emergency.

An
An emergency is a serious or crisis situation that requires immediate attention and action. An
example would be a sudden fire outbreak in an organization.

63. What is the best guide for correctly identifying accidents and emergencies in a workplace?
An
The best guide for identifying such incidents will be the organisation’s own policies and guidelines.
You should be aware of the procedures to tackle each form of incident.

64. Under what condition should you provide medical help to an injured person?
An
You should provide medical help to an injured person only if you are certified to provide the
necessary aid. Otherwise, you should wait for professionals to arrive.

65. What is the first step you should take when handling an accident?
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

An
When handling an accident, the first step is to attend to the injured person immediately. Depending
on the seriousness, ensure they receive first aid or medical help at the earliest.

66. What is a common cause of “trips and fall” accidents?

An
A common cause of “trips and fall” accidents is when customers or employees trip on carelessly left
loose material, such as loose wires or goods left in the aisles.

67. What is a common cause of “slips and fall” accidents?

An
Slips are mainly due to wet floors, the spilling of liquids, or other slip-causing material being thrown
on floors. This type of accident is generally caused by negligence.

68. How can accidents on a staircase be prevented?

An
To prevent accidents on a staircase, signs like ”watch your steps” can be used. These signs can warn
people about a sharp bend or a loose floor tile.

69. What causes accidents related to falling goods?

An
Accidents due to falling goods typically happen if pieces of goods have been piled improperly or kept
in an inappropriate manner on shelves or wall hangings.

70. What does evacuation mean in an emergency situation?

An
Evacuation means that during an emergency— such as a fire, earthquake, or gas leak—people must
be quickly and safely evacuated from a location or building.

71. During an evacuation, why should you avoid using elevators or escalators?
An
You should not use escalators or elevators during an evacuation to avoid overcrowding and the risk
of getting trapped in case there is a power failure. You should use the stairs instead.

72. What are the three main types of fire hazards to evaluate in a workplace?
An
In most facilities, the three main types of fire hazards that need to be evaluated are electrical
hazards, combustible materials, and flammable materials.

73. Define class a fire material.

An
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

Class a material includes materials such as wood, cloth, and paper. These materials will not ignite on
their own but will continue to burn once they are exposed to a heat source.

74. Define class c fire material.

An
Class c material refers to electrical materials and equipment. These materials can cause fires very
quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash.

75. Name two examples of ignition sources for a fire.

An
Two examples of ignition sources are open flames, such as from gas ovens or lighters, and sparks
from equipment like wood or metal saws.

76. What is the first step in using a fire extinguisher?

An
The first step is to identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, which is present in its handle. You
must then break the seal and pull this pin from the handle.

77. Why is a victim often unable to move during an electrical accident?

An
During an electrical accident, a victim is often incapable of moving or releasing the electrical
conductor due to the effect of muscle cramping.

78. What is the first thing you should do when approaching an electrical accident site?
An
When an electrical accident occurs, you should never rush into the site. The first thing you should do
is call 108 as soon as possible to get professional help on the way.

79. What should you do if you cannot switch off the power source during an electrical rescue?
An
If you cannot switch off the power, you must take extreme care. You should ensure your hands and
feet are dry and use a non-conductive material to remove the victim from the conductor.

80. What is cpr?

An
Cpr stands for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. It is a first aid technique that may be required by a
victim of an electrical accident or other serious incidents to help them start breathing again.

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81. Differentiate between an accident and an emergency, providing one example for each.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

An
An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled, or unforeseen event that results in injury or harm. For
example, a person tripping on a loose wire and falling down is an accident. An emergency, on the
other hand, is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate attention and action. For example, a
customer having a heart attack inside the organization is an emergency.

82. List four key guidelines an employee should follow when an accident or emergency arises in the
workplace.
An
When an emergency occurs, an employee should:
[Link] and correctly identify the incident based on company policies.
[Link] help promptly and in the most suitable way, as per the guidelines.
[Link] within the limits of their responsibility and authority, especially regarding medical aid.
[Link] follow instructions given by senior staff and the emergency services.

83. Describe the three main steps an employee should take to handle an accident after it has occurred.
An
After an accident has occurred, an employee should follow three main steps. 1. Attend to the
injured person immediately: they must ensure the injured person receives first aid or medical help
as soon as possible, depending on the seriousness of the injury.
2. Inform your supervisor: they must report the incident to their supervisor, providing details
about the probable cause and a description of the injury.
3. Assist your supervisor: they should help the supervisor investigate the cause of the accident and
take appropriate actions to prevent similar incidents in the future.

84. Explain the difference between “trips and fall” and “slips and fall” accidents, giving a cause for each.
How can warning signs help prevent them?
An
The main difference is the cause. ”trips and fall” accidents happen when someone’s foot hits an
obstacle, such as carelessly left loose material or goods on aisles. ”slips and fall” accidents are
mainly due to a lack of friction, caused by things like wet floors or liquid spills. Warning signs can
help prevent these incidents. For example, a ”wet floor” sign will warn people to walk carefully,
while ”watch your steps” signs can prevent trips on a staircase with a sharp bend.
And hot surfaces are all common ignition sources. Sand is an inert, non-flammable material often
used to extinguish fires, not start them.

39. Which volatile metals are listed as examples of class d fire materials?
(A)Iron, copper, and zinc.
(B)Gold, silver, and platinum.
(C)Aluminum, tin, and lead.
(D)Magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
An
(d) magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Class d fires involve combustible metals. The document
specifically lists magnesium (mg), potassium (k), and sodium (na) as examples of these highly
reactive and volatile materials that can ignite easily and require special extinguishing agents.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

40. An employee is investigating an accident. In this role, they should avoid acting on impulse or gut
feeling. What should they do instead? (a) ask uninvolved colleagues for their opinions.
(B) Follow the procedures laid down by the organization’s policy.
(C) Leave the investigation to the person who was injured.
(D) Wait several days before starting the investigation.
An
(b) follow the procedures laid down by the organization’s policy.
A structured approach is essential for handling accidents. Instead of relying on impulse, employees
must adhere to the formal procedures established by their company. This ensures the situation is
managed correctly, safely, and consistently every time.

41. The process of quickly and safely moving people out of a location or building during a crisis is known
as: (a) assembly
(B) Investigation
(C) Evacuation(d) first aid
An (c) evacuation.
Evacuation is the defined term for the organized and urgent movement of people away from a place
of immediate danger to a place of safety. This is a critical procedure during emergencies like fires,
bomb threats, or gas leaks.

42. Statemeat 1 slips and falls are generally caused by employee negligence.
Statemeat 2 injuries from escalators and elevators mainly happen to children, ladies, and the
elderly. (a) statement 1 is true, but statement 2 is false.
(B) Statement 2 is true, but statement 1 is false.(c) both statement 1 and statement 2 are true.
(d) both statement 1 and statement 2 are false.
An
(C) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are [Link] document states that slips and falls are often
caused by negligence, such as not cleaning a spill. It also specifies that escalator and elevator
injuries, while uncommon, most frequently affect vulnerable groups like children, women, and
the elderly.

43. To warn people about freshly mopped floors and prevent accidents, a __________ sign should be
used. (a) “watch your steps”
(B) “do not enter”
(C) “wet floor”(d) “exit”
An (c) “wet floor”.
A “wet floor” sign is a standard and universally understood warning. It specifically alerts people to
the slipping hazard posed by a wet surface, prompting them to walk more carefully or avoid the area
until it is dry.

44. Why is it important to report any sign of malfunctioning escalators or elevators immediately?
(A) To ensure they are repaired before they can cause a serious accident or injury.
(B) Because reporting the issue is part of an employee’s performance review.
(C) So the company can get a discount on the repair costs.
(D) To have a written record in case the warranty needs to be used.
An
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

(a) to ensure they are repaired before they can cause a serious accident or injury.
A malfunctioning elevator or escalator is a significant safety hazard. Prompt reporting allows
maintenance personnel to address the problem
1. Never rush in and approach the scene cautiously.
2. Call 108 as soon as possible.
3. Visually examine the victim to see if they are in contact with electrified conductors.
4. Do not touch the victim or any conductive surfaces if they are still electrified.
5. Switch off the electrical circuits if it is possible to do so safely.

92. What precautions should you take if you cannot switch off the power source during an electrical
rescue?
An
If you cannot turn off the power, you must take extreme care. First, ensure that your hands and feet
are dry. You should be standing on a clean, dry surface. You should also wear protective equipment
if available, such as gloves and shoes. Finally, use a non-conductive material, like a wooden broom
handle, to separate the victim from the electrical conductor.

93. What does it mean to act within the limits of your responsibility and authority during an
emergency?
An
Acting within the limits of your responsibility and authority means you should not perform actions
you are not trained or certified for. For example, you should only provide medical help to an injured
person if you are certified to provide the necessary aid. Otherwise, your responsibility is to wait for
trained professionals to arrive and provide the necessary help. It also means not acting outside the
guidelines and policies laid down for your role.

94. Explain the importance of two general electrical safety measures in a workplace.
An
Two crucial electrical safety measures are providing instructions and conducting routine inspections.
First, employees must be provided instructions about electrical safety, such as the simple but
important rule of keeping water and food items away from electrical equipment. Second, electrical
staff should carry out routine inspections of all wiring to make sure there are no damaged or broken
wires. This proactive maintenance helps prevent accidents before they happen.
95. Describe the first aid steps to be taken after a victim has been safely removed from contact with an
electrical source.
An
After a victim is safe from the electrical source, they may require cardio-pulmonary resuscitation
(cpr) if they are not breathing. If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, you should give first aid
for any visible injuries and treat them for shock. Most importantly, you must ensure that the victim
gets professional medical care as soon as possible.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

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96. At a retail store, an employee witnesses a customer trip over a loose wire and fall, getting injured.
Later that day, a fire breaks out in the storeroom, which is a more serious, crisis situation. The
employee needs to understand the difference between these events and how to identify them
correctly.
Quentioan
1. How is an “accident” defined in the workplace?
2. How is an “emergency” defined?
3. To correctly identify and handle such situations, what should be an employee’s best guide?
4. Besides just identifying them, what else should an employee be aware of regarding accidents
and emergencies?
An
1. An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled, or unforeseen event resulting in injury or harm.
2. An emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate attention and action.
3. The organisation’s policies and guidelines will be the best guide.
4. An employee should be aware of the procedures to tackle each form of accident and
emergency.

97. During a busy office day, a visitor suddenly slips on a wet floor and injures their ankle. An employee,
who is not a certified first-aider, rushes to help. The company policy is very clear about who can
provide medical help and how employees should act to prevent making the situation worse.
Quentioan
1. When someone is injured, what should you avoid acting on?
2. According to the guidelines, who is permitted to provide medical help to an injured person?
3. If you are not certified to provide aid, what should you do?
4. What must an employee do to prevent further injury while waiting for help?
An
1. You should not act as per your impulse or gut feeling.
2. Only those who are certified to provide the necessary aid are permitted to give medical help.
3. You should wait for the professionals to arrive and give the necessary help.
4. You need to stay calm and follow the prescribed procedures laid down by the organization’s
policy.

98. In a warehouse, an employee trips over some material carelessly left on the floor. In a different
section, the floor is wet from a spill, creating a slipping hazard. Management wants to post warning
signs and remind staff about the causes of these common accidents to improve safety.
Quentioan
1. What is the main cause of slips in a workplace?
2. Name one common cause of a “trip and fall” accident.
3. What can be used to warn people to walk carefully on freshly mopped floors?
4. Besides spills, what other issue with a walking surface can cause a slip and fall?
An
1. Slips are mainly due to wet floors or the spilling of liquids.
2. Trips can be caused by carelessly left loose material, such as loose wires or goods left on aisles.
3. A ”wet floor” sign can be used as a warning.
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

4. A broken or uneven walking surface, such as a loose floor tile, can also cause a slip and fall.

99. A fire alarm goes off in a multi-story building due to a gas leak. The employees need to be evacuated
immediately. The emergency response team directs everyone to follow the standard evacuation
procedure to ensure everyone gets out of the building safely and efficiently.
Quentioan
1. In an emergency, what does “evacuation” mean?
2. During an evacuation, what should you not use to exit the building?
3. After leaving the premises, where should all the employees go?
4. If you are helping a person with a disability, where should you guide them?
An
1. Evacuation means that people must be quickly and safely evacuated from a location or building.
2. You should not use the escalators or elevators
(lifts).
3. They should go to the emergency assembly area.
4. You should assist them to move towards the emergency exit.

100. A safety officer is conducting a fire safety audit. He finds a damaged extension cord being used,
some flammable cleaning liquids stored near an electrical panel, and access to a fire extinguisher
blocked by boxes. He notes these as serious fire hazards that need immediate correction.
Quentioan
1. What are the three main types of fire hazards to evaluate in a workplace?
2. Improper storage of what kind of material commonly causes workplace fires?
3. According to fire prevention rules, what should you never do to exits and fire extinguishers?
4. What should an employee do if they report a defect in fire prevention equipment?
An
1. The three main types of hazards are electrical hazards, combustible materials, and flammable
materials.
2. Improper storage of flammable material or combustible dust commonly causes fires.
3. You should never block access to them.
4. They should report it to their supervisor.

101. A small fire starts in an office. It begins by igniting a pile of paper and cardboard (class a) and then
spreads to an area where some grease (class b) has been spilled. An employee grabs a fire
extinguisher and must quickly decide if it’s the right type for this mixed fire.
Fire
clann Water co2 Bc dry powder
Class a Suitable Suitable
Class b Not suitable Suitable
Class c Not suitable Suitable
Quentioan
1. What types of materials are involved in a class a fire?
2. What types of materials are involved in a class b fire?
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

3. Based on the table, which extinguisher type is suitable for both class a and class b fires?
4. Which extinguisher type is not suitable for the class b (grease) part of the fire?
An
1. Class a fires involve materials like wood, cloth, and paper.
2. Class b fires involve all liquid, grease, and gas materials.
3. The abc dry powder extinguisher is suitable for both.
4. The water co2 extinguisher is not suitable for a class b fire.

102. An employee notices smoke coming from a waste bin. He grabs a nearby fire extinguisher to put it
out. He remembers the basic training on how to use it but needs to follow the steps correctly to
operate it effectively and safely.
Quentioan
1. What is the first thing you need to do to operate a fire extinguisher?
2. After pulling the safety pin, what do you do to discharge the extinguisher?
3. Where should you aim the nozzle of the extinguisher?
4. How should you move the nozzle to effectively cover the fire?
An
1. You must break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.
2. You use the extinguisher squeezing fire by the lever.
3. You should focus the nozzle on the fire zone.
4. You should sweep it from side to side.

103. An office worker accidentally touches a live wire and gets an electric shock. Due to muscle
cramping, he is unable to let go. A colleague sees the incident and must act quickly but safely to
rescue him without becoming a second victim.
Quentioan
1. Why is a victim of an electric shock often unable to release the electrical conductor?
2. When you see an electrical accident, what should you never do?
3. What is the first and most critical step a rescuer should take, if possible?
4. If the power cannot be turned off, what kind of material must be used to move the victim away
from the conductor?
An
1. This is due to the effect of muscle cramping.
2. You should never rush into an accident site.
3. The rescuer should switch off the electrical circuits if possible.
4. A non-conductive material must be used.

104. A maintenance worker in a factory is injured when a heavy object falls on him. A colleague
immediately attends to him. He is conscious but seems to have a serious injury. The colleague needs
to follow the company’s accident handling procedure correctly.
Quentioan
1. What is the very first step in handling an accident where a person is injured?
2. After attending to the injured person, who must be informed immediately?
3. What two key pieces of information should be given to the supervisor?
4. Why is it important to assist the supervisor in investigating the accident?
 CH 15 : prevent aCCIdentS and emergenCIeS

An
1. The first step is to attend to the injured person immediately and see that they receive first aid or
medical help.
2. You must inform your supervisor.
3. You should provide details about the probable cause of the accident and a description of the
injury.
4. It is to help take appropriate actions to prevent occurrences of similar accidents in the future.

105. A company ensures its first aid kits are fully stocked and has a list of emergency numbers
prominently displayed. They also conduct routine checks of all electrical wiring and make sure that
fire extinguishers are in working order and emergency exits are never blocked.
Quentioan
1. A first aid kit should contain items to deal with what kind of common problems?
2. To ensure electrical safety, what should electrical staff carry out routinely?
3. What emergency handling equipment should be checked regularly to ensure it is in working
condition?
4. What must be ensured about emergency exits?
An
1. It should contain items to deal with problems like cuts, burns, headaches, and muscle cramps.
2. They should carry out routine inspections of all wiring.
3. Fire extinguishers and the fire alarm system should be checked regularly.
4. It must be ensured that emergency exits are not obstructed.

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