Unit 3  Grammar

Future forms
We use the future simple (will + infinitive ) for:
quick decisions: *I'm tired. I will go to bed now.
predictions without evidence: (based on guesswork) *I think it will be hot tomorrow.
future facts: *Reem will be twenty next year.
promises: *I will give you your money back. threats: *I will tell your dad if you do this again.
requests: *Will you close the door, please? offers: *Don't worry. I will help you.

We use 'be' going to for:

We use the present simple to talk or ask about future events that are certain because
of a timetable or calendar:
*Your plane takes off at 2 a.m. tomorrow. *Next Monday is the tenth of April. *When does your bus arrive?
*What time does Luxor train depart? *How long does the final English exam take?

We can also use the present continuous to make future arrangements:
*I’m doing a test next Monday. *Our class is visiting the Egyptian Museum tomorrow.
*Next March, my dad is travelling abroad on business. *Sami and Ahmed are going on a trip to Cairo in two days.

We use the future continuous (will / may + be + v-ing ) to talk about actions that will
be in progress at a time in the future. Use 'may' if you are not certain:
*Tomorrow afternoon, I'll be giving a lecture in my school.
*I can’t accompany you on tomorrow's trip, for I will be helping my dad with irrigating the field.

We use the future perfect (will have + past participle) to predict something that will
be finished by a particular time in the future:
*By the end of next year, the government will have built a new school in the village.
*This time next month, / In a month's time, our project will have been undertaken.
*The train will have left by the time you get to the station.

We use the future perfect continuous (will have + been + v-ing) to describe actions
that are currently unfinished and will continue till a point in the future. This tense is most often
used with a time expression:
*When I finish this course, I will have been learning English for fourteen years.
*By the end of the month, I'll have been living here for five years.
*I will have been waiting here for three hours by six o'clock. *How long will you have been working when you retire?
 In clauses with after, before, by the time, once, when, as soon as, until, the
moment, etc., we normally use the present simple to talk about the future. However,
we can also use the present perfect :
*She won't write the report before she has done the research. *Once the guests have arrived, the ball will start.
*The moment we have further information, we're going to tell you. *Don't go out until it stops/has stopped raining.
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We use shall with I and we to talk about or predict the future: *I shan't be gone long.
We use shall with I and we to make an offer, suggestion or to ask advice:
*Shall I email you the data? *Shall we spend the vacation in Dahab? *Let's check the result, shall we?
Shall can also be used to show that you are determined, or to give an instruction or
order: *We're determined that you shall be our leader. *Candidates shall submit their applications here.
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 Y Exercises
 Choose the correct answer:
1 Hala [is leaving - will leave - is going to leave - will be leaving] school at 10:00. She has a permit.
2 He has made a decision. He [will major - is going to major - will have majored - is majoring] in math.
3 The hall is teeming. It [will have been - shall be - is going to be - is being] hard to find an empty seat.
4 The P.E. class [will start - starts - is going to start - will have been starting] at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow.
5 Look! There is a sandstorm. I [will close - am closing - am going to close - will be closing] the windows.
6 At one o'clock tomorrow, I [eat - will have been eating - will have eaten - will be eating] lunch outdoors.
7 Your luggage looks heavy. I [am going to carry - am carrying - will be carrying - will carry] it for you.
8 I think most bestsellers will [read - be reading - be read - have been read] as ebooks in the near future.
9 Let's watch this film. I think it [starts - will start - is going to start - is starting] at ten o'clock tonight.
10 I can't see you later that evening. I [will do - am doing - will have done - going to do] my homework.
11 Watch out! You [are bumping into - will bump into - are going to bump into – bump into] the post.*
12 Perhaps they [are starting - are going to start - will start - have started] ICT courses soon.
13 As soon as I [will have arrived - will arrive - have arrived - had arrived] home, I will give you a ring.
14 Before he [got - had got - gets - will get] married next week, he is going to sell his old apartment.
15 Being smart, she [will come - is going to come - is coming - will have been coming] first next year.
16 [Shall - May - Will - Must] you decipher (decode) this code, please?
17 [Shall - May - Will - Must] my grandma rest in peace.**
18 Business has thrived in the past years. Long [may - will - shall - can] it continue to do so.**
19 [Shall I - Might I - Am I going to - Do I] help you with analyzing the sample?
20 Not until you summon me [I will leave - did I leave - I am going to leave – will I leave] my position.
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21 The accused [is going to appear - is appearing - shall appear - will be appearing] in court on 20 May.
22 While I [will do - have done - was doing - am doing] my math homework, I'll be using my calculator.
23 By 2060, English [is spoken - will have been spoken - will be spoken - speaks] by most employees.
24 The executive will take a week off, at [the very least - not in the least - the least of it - not least].
25 [At worst - At best - As much - Much as] she has broken down stereotypes, we take her for granted.
26 The technician needs no [fewer - less - a few more - many more] than an hour to amend the version.
27 Does he have any plans for the weekend? Yes‚ he .................................. the aquarium.
a- is going to visit b- will have been visiting c- will visit d- visits
28 Have you made any arrangements for tomorrow? Yes‚ I ......................... my aunt at the airport.
a- am seeing off b- am going to see off c- will have seen off d- see off
29 I'm going to the airport in a minute. My plane ................................ at 3 a.m.
a- will take off b- will have taken off c- will have been taking off d- takes off
30 Ebooks are environment friendly. By 2100, millions of trees …………………………...
a- will be saved b- will have been saving c- will have been saved d- shall be saved
31 The experts ............................ the new invention tomorrow. They're ready.
a- are going to test b- will have been testing c- will have been tested d- are testing
32 A: The flat looks dirty. B: Yes, I know. I ............................ it.
a- have cleaned b- will clean c- am going to clean d- shall clean
33 A: The flat looks dirty. B: Really? I ............................ it.
a- clean b- will clean c- am going to clean d- have cleaned
34 Rokaya ............................ to the seaside with us tomorrow evening. She knows all about it.
a- goes b- is going to go c- is going d- will go
35 Rana has invited all her chums. Her 17th birthday party .................................... tomorrow.
a- is given b- will be had c- shall be d- is being thrown
*[A warning] ** [It's used to express wishes and hopes]
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