Function Description Example

>>> str1 = 'hello WORLD!'

lower() Returns the string with all >>> [Link]()
uppercase letters converted to 'hello world!'
lowercase
>>> str1 = 'hello WORLD!'
upper() Returns the string with all >>> [Link]()
lowercase letters converted to 'HELLO WORLD!'
uppercase
>>> str1 = 'Hello World! Hello
count(str,start,end) Returns number of times Hello'
substring occurs in the string >>> [Link]('Hello',12,25)
2
>>> [Link]('Hello')
3

>>> str1 = 'Hello World! Hello Hello'

find(str,start,end) Returns first index of >>> [Link]('Hello',10,20)
substring, -1 if not found 13
>>> [Link]('Hello',15,25)
19
>>> [Link]('Hello')
0
>>> [Link]('Hee')
-1

>>> str1 = 'Hello World! Hello

index(str,start,end) Same as find() but gives error Hello'
if substring not found >>> [Link]('Hello')
0
>>> [Link]('Hee')
ValueError: substring not found

>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'

endswith() Returns True if string ends >>> [Link]('World!')
with substring True
>>> [Link]('!')
True
>>> [Link]('lde')
False

>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'

startswith() Returns True if string starts >>> [Link]('He')
with substring True
>>> [Link]('Hee')
False

>>> str1 = 'HelloWorld'

isalnum() True if all characters are >>> [Link]()
alphabets or numbers True
>>> str1 = 'HelloWorld2'
>>> [Link]()
True
>>> str1 = 'HelloWorld!!'
>>> [Link]()
False

>>> str1 = 'hello world!'

islower() True if string has at least one >>> [Link]()
lowercase and no uppercase True
>>> str1 = 'hello 1234'
>>> [Link]()
True
>>> str1 = 'hello ??'
>>> [Link]()
True
>>> str1 = '1234'
>>> [Link]()
False
>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'
>>> [Link]()
 False

>>> str1 = 'HELLO WORLD!'

isupper() True if string has at least one >>> [Link]()
uppercase and no lowercase True
>>> str1 = 'HELLO 1234'
>>> [Link]()
True
>>> str1 = 'HELLO ??'
>>> [Link]()
True
>>> str1 = '1234'
>>> [Link]()
False
>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'
>>> [Link]()
False

>>> str1 = ' \n \t \r'

isspace() True if string contains only >>> [Link]()
whitespace characters True
>>> str1 = 'Hello \n'
>>> [Link]()
False

>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'

istitle() True if first letter of every >>> [Link]()
word is uppercase True
>>> str1 = 'hello World!'
>>> [Link]()
False

>>> str1 = ' Hello World!'

lstrip() Removes spaces from left >>> [Link]()
side of string 'Hello World! '

>>> str1 = ' Hello World!'

rstrip() Removes spaces from right >>> [Link]()
side of string ' Hello World!'

>>> str1 = ' Hello World!'

strip() Removes spaces from both >>> [Link]()
sides of string 'Hello World!'

>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'

replace(old,new) Replaces all occurrences of >>> [Link]('o','*')
old string with new string 'Hell* W*rld!'
>>> str1 = 'Hello World!'
>>> [Link]('World','Country')
'Hello Country!'
>>> str1 = 'Hello World! Hello'
>>> [Link]('Hello','Bye')
'Bye World! Bye'

>>> str1 = ('HelloWorld!')

join() Joins characters using >>> str2 = '-' #separator
separator >>> [Link](str1)
'H-e-l-l-o-W-o-r-l-d-!'

>>> str1 = 'India is a Great Country'

partition() Splits string into 3 parts based >>> [Link]('is')
on first occurrence of ('India ', 'is', ' a Great
Country')
separator >>> [Link]('are')
('India is a Great Country',' ','
')
 >>> str1 = 'India is a Great Country'
split() Splits string into list based on >>> [Link]()
separator ['India','is','a','Great',
'Country']
>>> str1 = 'India is a Great
Country'
>>> [Link]('a')
['Indi', ' is ', ' Gre', 't
Country']