Cloud Computing
Module 1
Review
1. Mist Computing 2. Fog Computing 3. Cloud Computing
4. Edge Computing 5. Dew Computing
Dr. Neha Agrawal
A Simple Example
• ABC Corporation is an e-
commerce company
• They have traditionally
hosted their website on an
on-premise server
• Recently, they have been
getting a lot of business
• Their IT head, Bob,
observes that their server
sometimes operates very
near its capacity
• What options does Bob
have?
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Two Options
Horizontal Scaling Vertical Scaling
• Add more systems to handle • Upgrade the existing system
the extra load
• Usually less expensive in • Usually expensive in the
the long run long run
• No downtime • Possible downtime
• Potentially unlimited scaling • There is a limit to which
scaling can be done
Dr. Neha Agrawal
But what if…
• But what if the website
only shows a spike in
usage during holiday
season?
• If you upgrade, your
new hardware remains
unused most of the year
• If you don’t upgrade,
the company loses out
on important revenue
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Secret Option
• Bob decides to move
their business to the
cloud
– Automatic scaling when
usage increases
– When usage decreases,
the server resources are
scaled back
– No upfront capital cost
– Pay only for the
resources that are used
Dr. Neha Agrawal
NIST Definition of Cloud Computing
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling
ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction”.
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Essential Features of Cloud Computing
On Demand
Self-Service
Broad
Measured
Network
Service
Access
Rapid Resource
Elasticity Pooling
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Contd…
1. On Demand Self – Service
– Resources can be provisioned and released when
needed
– No need for human interaction
2. Broad Network Access
– Resources can be accessed over the network
– Any device – smartphone, tablet, laptop, thin
client, PC etc.
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Contd…
3. Resource Pooling
– Service provider has a pool of resources that can
be allocated and deallocated to customers
4. Rapid Elasticity
– Resources can be allocated on the fly
– Customers get an illusion of unlimited resources
5. Measured Service
– Pay per use
Dr. Neha Agrawal
SLA – The Warranty for Cloud Services
• SLA (Service Level Agreement) is a bond for performance
negotiated between the cloud service provider and the
client.
– Availability and Performance
– Security / privacy of the data
– Disaster Recovery expectations
– Location of the data
– Access and portability to the data
– Process to identify problems and resolution expectations
– Dispute mediation process (e.g. escalation process,
consequences)
– Exit Strategy with expectations on the provider to ensure smooth
transition
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Cloud Computing Vision
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Cloud Computing Reference Model
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NIST Visual Model
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Enabling Technologies for Cloud
Computing
Virtualization
Browser as a
Web 2.0
Platform
Service Cloud Parallel
Oriented
Architecture Computing Processing
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Virtualization
• Virtualization is a core technology for cloud computing.
• Virtualization is essentially a technology that allows creation
of different computing environments.
• These environments are called virtual because they simulate
the interface that is expected by a guest.
• The most common example of virtualization is hardware
virtualization.
• This technology allows simulating the hardware interface
expected by an operating system.
• Hardware virtualization allows the coexistence of different
software stacks on top of the same hardware.
• These stacks are contained inside virtual machine instances,
which operate in complete isolation from each other.
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Web 2.0
• The Web is the primary interface through which cloud
computing delivers its services.
• Web 2.0 enables developers to architect applications and
deliver services through the Internet.
• Web 2.0 brings interactivity and flexibility into Webpages.
• These capabilities are obtained by integrating a collection of
standards and technologies such as XML, Asynchronous
JavaScript and XML (AJAX), Web Services, and others.
• Examples of Web 2.0 applications are Google Documents,
Google Maps, Flickr, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, [Link],
Blogger, and Wikipedia.
Dr. Neha Agrawal
Service Oriented Computing
• Service orientation is the core reference model for cloud
computing systems.
• This approach adopts the concept of services as the main
building blocks of application and system development.
• It supports the development of rapid, low-cost, flexible,
interoperable, and evolvable application and systems.
• A service is supposed to be loosely coupled, reusable,
programming language independent, and location transparent.
• Service-oriented computing introduces and diffuses two
fundamental concepts to cloud computing: Quality of Service
(QoS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).
• Quality of service (QoS) identifies a set of functional and non-
functional attributes that can be used to evaluate the behavior
of a service from different perspectives
Dr. Neha Agrawal