1
SHEAR
In a shear, the shape appears to change size, it is pulled in one of the axes ( x axis or y axis)
holding some points constant
The area of the shape remains unchanged
Description
The following must be stated in the description
- Name of the transformation
- Invariant axis i.e the direction along which the shape is pulled
- The shear factor, k
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕
Note : Shear factor, k =
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
A typical description would be:
Shear of factor 2 with x – axis invariant
To compute a shear given a description, we need to know the shear matrix
1 𝑘
If the x-axis is invariant: ( )
0 1
1 0
If the y-axis is invariant: ( ), where k is the shear factor
𝑘 1
Answer all questions
1 Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw x and y axes for -
2 ≤ x ≤ 4 and -2≤ y ≤ 8
Triangle UVW has vertices at U(1; 1), V(2; 1) and W(2; -1)
(a) Draw and label triangle UVW [1]
(b) U1V1W1 has vertices at U1(-1; 1), V1 (1; 0) and W1(4; -1)
(i) Draw and label triangle U1V1W1
(ii) Describe fully, the single transformation which maps triangle UVW
onto triangle U1V1W1
(iii) Write down the matrix which represents this transformation [5]
(c) Triangle U2V2W2 is image of triangle UVW under a shear of factor 3 with
the y – axis invariant,
Draw and label U2V2W2 [3]
© P.L.C 2020
2
2 Triangle P has vertices at (-3; 1), (-2; 2) and (-3; 3)
Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw x and y axes for
-4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and -1≤ y ≤ 9
(a) Draw and label triangle P [1]
(b) Triangle Q is the image of P under a transformation represented by the matrix
1 2
( )
0 1
(i) Draw and label triangle Q
(ii) Describe fully, the single transformation which maps triangle P onto
triangle Q [5]
(c) Triangle R has vertices at (-3; 7), (-2; 6) and (-3; 9)
(i) Draw and label triangle R
(ii) Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle P onto
triangle R [4]
3 Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 2 units on both axes, draw x and y axes for
-8 ≤ x ≤ 10 and -6≤ y ≤ 10
(a) Triangle has vertices at (-6; 2), (-2; 4) and (-2; 6)
Triangle B has vertices at (0; -4), (2; 0) and (4; 0)
(i) Draw and label triangle A and triangle B [2]
(ii) Describe fully, the single transformation which maps triangle A onto
triangle B [3]
1
(b) Triangle C is the image of triangle A under a shear of factor 12, with x – axis
invariant
(i) Write down the matrix for this transformation
(ii) Draw and label triangle C [4]
(c) Triangle D is the image of triangle A under an enlargement of scale factor
1
, centre (-8; 8)
2
Draw and label triangle D [3]
© P.L.C 2020
3
4 Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 unit on both axes, draw x and y axes for
-3 ≤ x ≤ 7 and -6≤ y ≤ 5
(a) Rectangle ABCD has vertices at A(1; 1), B(2; 1), C(2; 3) and D(1; 3)
Draw and label rectangle ABCD [1]
(b) Rectangle A1B1C1D1 has vertices at A1(1; -3), B1(2; -3), C1(2; -5) and
D1(1; -5)
(i) Draw and label rectangle A1B1C1D1
(ii) Describe the single transformation which maps rectangle ABCD onto
rectangle A1B1C1D1 [3]
(c) Rectangle A2B2C2D2 is the image of rectangle ABCD under an anticlockwise
rotation of 90° with centre (0; 0)
Draw and label rectangle A2B2C2D2 [3]
1 1 1
(d) Rectangle A3B3C3D3 has vertices at A3(12; 1), B3(32; 1), C3(62; 3) and
1
D3(52; 3)
(i) Draw and label rectangle A3B3C3D3
(ii) Describe fully, the single transformation which maps rectangle ABCD
onto A3B3C3D3 [4]
−5
(e) Write down the co-ordinates of point B under a translation of vector ( ) [1]
8
© P.L.C 2020