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Solid 8

The document discusses the analysis of a fixed-fixed beam subjected to a uniform load, detailing the derivation of the elastic curve v(x) and the support reactions. It provides the governing equations, boundary conditions, and solutions for deflection, shear forces, and bending moments. Key results include the elastic curve equation, maximum deflection, and expressions for support reactions and bending moments at the ends of the beam.

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ce24btech11054
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25 views3 pages

Solid 8

The document discusses the analysis of a fixed-fixed beam subjected to a uniform load, detailing the derivation of the elastic curve v(x) and the support reactions. It provides the governing equations, boundary conditions, and solutions for deflection, shear forces, and bending moments. Key results include the elastic curve equation, maximum deflection, and expressions for support reactions and bending moments at the ends of the beam.

Uploaded by

ce24btech11054
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Question 08 — Fixed–fixed beam under uniform load

Problem
A beam of length L is fixed at both ends and carries a uniform downward load w0 (force per unit
length). The flexural rigidity EI is constant. Find:

1. the elastic curve v(x) (transverse deflection),

2. the support reactions (shear forces and end moments).

Governing equation
For Euler–Bernoulli beams with downward deflection v(x) (positive downward) the relation is

d4 v
EI = w0 ,
dx4
for constant w0 . Integrate four times and apply the four boundary conditions appropriate for a
fixed–fixed beam:
v(0) = 0, v ′ (0) = 0, v(L) = 0, v ′ (L) = 0.

Solution of the differential equation


Integrating EI v (4) = w0 gives
w0 4 C1 3 C2 2
v(x) = x + x + x + C3 x + C 4 .
24EI 6 2
Apply v(0) = 0, v ′ (0) = 0 ⇒ C4 = C3 = 0. The remaining constants are obtained from v(L) =
0, v ′ (L) = 0. Solving yields
w0 L w0 L2
C1 = − , C2 = .
2EI 12EI
Substituting back and simplifying gives the compact elastic curve

w0 x2 (L − x)2
v(x) = (0 ≤ x ≤ L).
24 EI

L
Maximum deflection occurs at x = :
2
w0 L4
 
L
vmax =v = .
2 384 EI

1
Internal bending moment and shear
From M (x) = EI v ′′ (x) and V (x) = M ′ (x) we obtain
w0 2
L − 6Lx + 6x2 ,

M (x) =
12
w0 
V (x) = −L + 2x .
2

Sign convention note: Here v > 0 is downward. The algebra above gives the algebraic ex-
pressions for M and V . With the usual engineering sign convention (positive bending moment
as sagging), the fixed end bending moments are hogging (negative) and shear reaction forces are
upward.

Support reactions (magnitudes)


Evaluate shear at the ends:
w0 L w0 L
V (0) = − , V (L) = + .
2 2
Interpreting these as internal shear (change of sign), the vertical support reactions (upward) are

w0 L
RA = RB = .
2

Evaluate bending moment at the ends:

w0 L2 w0 L 2
M (0) = , M (L) = .
12 12
With the usual sign convention (hogging moment at fixed supports for a downward load), the
fixed-end moments are
w0 L2
MA = MB = − .
12
w0 L 2
(That is, equal magnitude with hogging sign at both supports.)
12

Particular values
w0 x2 (L − x)2
Elastic curve: v(x) = ,
24EI

L
 w0 L 4
vmax = v 2 = ,
384EI
w0 L
Support vertical reactions: RA = RB = ,
2
w0 L2
Fixed end moments (hogging): MA = MB = − .
12

2
Remark
The bending moment attains a (algebraic) value at midspan

L
 w0 L2
M 2 = (sign depends on chosen convention).
24
The elastic curve above satisfies the four boundary conditions and is the classical result for a
uniformly loaded beam with both ends fixed.

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