12/13/24, 8:35 PM Exception Handling in Python - Taskade
Exception Handling in Python
Introduction
Python programs may encounter errors such as syntax errors, runtime errors, or logical errors.
Exceptions are errors that occur during execution and can be handled through code.
Syntax Errors
Detected when the rules of the programming language are not followed.
Known as parsing errors.
The interpreter does not execute the program until errors are rectified.
Exceptions
Errors that occur during execution even if the syntax is correct.
Examples include division by zero or file not found.
Exceptions need to be handled to prevent abnormal program termination.
Built-in Exceptions
Common exceptions are predefined in Python's standard library.
Examples include:
SyntaxError: Error in the syntax of the code.
ValueError: Mismatched or inappropriate values.
IOError: File cannot be opened.
KeyboardInterrupt: User interrupts program execution.
ImportError: Module not found.
EOFError: End of file reached without reading data.
ZeroDivisionError: Division by zero.
IndexError: Index out of range.
NameError: Variable name not defined.
IndentationError: Incorrect indentation.
TypeError: Incorrect data type.
OverFlowError: Calculation exceeds maximum limit.
Raising Exceptions
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12/13/24, 8:35 PM Exception Handling in Python - Taskade
Exceptions can be raised using raise and assert statements.
Raise Statement:
Syntax: raise exception-name[(optional argument)]
Example: Raises IndexError if a condition is met.
Assert Statement:
Syntax: assert Expression[,arguments]
Raises AssertionError if the expression is false.
Handling Exceptions
Essential to prevent program crashes.
Need for Exception Handling:
Separates main logic from error detection.
Allows specific handlers for different exception types.
Can handle both user-defined and built-in exceptions.
Process of Handling Exception
1. Python creates an exception object with error details.
2. The object is handed to the runtime system to find a handler.
3. The search for a handler starts from the method where the error occurred.
4. If no handler is found, the program stops.
Catching Exceptions
Use try and except blocks to catch exceptions.
Syntax: try: # code that might raise an exception except [exception-name]: # code to handle
the exception
Multiple except blocks can handle different exceptions.
An except block without an exception name can catch any exception.
try...except…else Clause
else block executes if no exception occurs in the try block.
Finally Clause
finally block executes regardless of whether an exception occurred.
Used to ensure resources are released, like closing files.
Summary
Syntax errors must be rectified before execution.
Exceptions represent errors and need handling to prevent crashes.
Built-in exceptions cover common errors.
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12/13/24, 8:35 PM Exception Handling in Python - Taskade
Raising exceptions interrupts normal flow and jumps to handlers.
Exception handling involves try, except, else, and finally blocks.
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