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UGC NET People Development Environment

The document discusses the relationship between development and the environment, highlighting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It outlines various environmental issues, types of pollution, and the impact of pollutants on human health, as well as the importance of natural resources and disaster mitigation strategies. Additionally, it mentions key environmental laws and international agreements aimed at addressing these challenges.

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14 views2 pages

UGC NET People Development Environment

The document discusses the relationship between development and the environment, highlighting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It outlines various environmental issues, types of pollution, and the impact of pollutants on human health, as well as the importance of natural resources and disaster mitigation strategies. Additionally, it mentions key environmental laws and international agreements aimed at addressing these challenges.

Uploaded by

21389bcomg21
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UGC NET – People, Development and Environment

1. Development and Environment


Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Introduced by UN in 2000 (2000–2015), focused on
basic human development.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Introduced in 2015 (2015–2030), 17 goals focusing
on economic, social and environmental sustainability.

2. Human and Environment Interaction


Anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, urbanization, deforestation and mining
significantly affect air, water, soil and biodiversity.

3. Environmental Issues
Local issues include noise and waste pollution. Regional issues include acid rain and river
pollution. Global issues include climate change, ozone depletion and biodiversity loss.

4. Types of Pollution
Air pollution (SO2, NO2, PM2.5), Water pollution (sewage, industrial effluents), Soil pollution
(pesticides), Noise pollution (measured in decibels).

5. Waste Types
Solid waste, Liquid waste, Biomedical waste, Hazardous waste and Electronic waste are major
environmental concerns.

6. Climate Change
Caused by greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane. It has socio-economic impacts like
poverty and food insecurity and political impacts like climate negotiations.

7. Impact of Pollutants on Human Health


Air pollutants cause respiratory diseases; heavy metals affect nervous systems; noise causes
stress and hypertension.

8. Natural and Energy Resources


Renewable resources include solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal. Non-renewable
resources include nuclear energy and fossil fuels.

9. Natural Hazards and Disaster Mitigation


Natural hazards include floods, earthquakes and cyclones. Mitigation strategies include early
warning systems, afforestation and disaster-resistant infrastructure.

10. Environmental Laws and International Agreements


Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, Montreal
Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and
International Solar Alliance.

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