Roll no. 1 to 7 ( 1.
A and B)
1. A] Aim : To identify the presence of Chloride from the given salt .
Apparatus : Test Tube , Silver nitrate and solution of potassium chloride .
Diagram : Test Tube
White ppt of AgCl
Observation :
Chemical Reaction Colour of the precipitate Ion
KCl + AgNO3 →KN AgCl ↓ White Chloride ( )
Conclusion : White ppt of AgCl is formed .
Presence of in the given solution is confirmed.
Elements of halogen group in the periodic table show similar properties.
B] Aim : To study Mitosis.
Apparatus : Permenent slide of mitosis and compound microscope.
Diagram :
Observation : Stages of Mitosis
There are two stages of mitosis .These are nuclear division and cytoplasmic division .Nuclear
division takes place in further phases , viz prophase ,metaphase ,anaphase and telophase.
Conclusion : Due to mitosis the number of chromosomes in the cell remains same therefore,
this division occurs in somatic cells.
Roll no. 8 to 14 (2 A and B)
2 .A] Aim : To identify the presence of Bromide from the given salt .
Apparatus : Test Tube , Silver nitrate and solution of potassium bromide.
Diagram : Test Tube
Light yellow ppt of AgBr Observation
:
Chemical Reaction Colour of the precipitate Ion
KBr + AgN →KN AgBr ↓ Light yellow Bromide ( )
Conclusion : : Light yellow ppt of AgBr is formed .
Presence of in the given solution is confirmed.
Elements of halogen group in the periodic table show similar properties.
B] Aim : To study Binary Fission in Amoeba.
Apparatus : Compound microscope and permanent slide showing binary Amoeba.
Diagram :
Observation :
1 .At the beginning ,parent cell of Amoeba gets elongated.
2. Nucleus gets oval shape.
3. A notch is developed at the site of division .
4. Two small daughter cells of Amoeba are formed.
Conclusion : Amoeba reproduce by asexual method.
Roll no. 15 to 21 (3 A to B)
3 A] Aim : To identify the presence of Iodide from the given salt .
Apparatus : Test Tube , Silver nitrate and solution of potassium iodide.
Diagram : Test Tube
Bright yellow ppt of AgI
Observation :
Chemical Reaction Colour of the precipitate Ion
KI + AgN → KN AgI ↓ Bright yellow Iodine ( )
Conclusion : Bright yellow ppt of AgI is formed .
Presence of in the given solution is confirmed.
Elements of halogen group in the periodic table show similar properties.
B] Aim : Identify and study the characteristics of Microbe .
Apparatus : Compound microscope , permanent slide of lactobacillus acidophilus.
Diagram :
Observation :
[Link]. Name of Microbe Type Characteristics
1 Lactobacillus Gram – Positive bacteria Non spores forming rods
with rounded ends that
occurs singly in pairs and
in short chain.
Conclusion : [Link] acidophilus occurs naturally in human and animal gastrointestinal tract
and mouth.
[Link] strains of lactobacillus acidophilus are probiotic in nature .
[Link] used in many dairy products.
Roll no. 22 to 28 (4 A and B)
4 A] Aim : To identify the type of reaction by studying the reaction and recording the observation of
action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc .
Apparatus : Test Tube ,zinc dust and sulphuric acid.
Diagram : Test tube
ZnS
Observation :
Reaction Number of Number Interesting feature Type of the
Reactants of of Reaction reaction
Products
→ ZnS + 2 2 Displacement
Zn + from reaction
gets displaced by
Zn metal
Conclusion :
1. Hydrogen gas evolved in the reaction.
2. Zn is more reactive than hydrogen .Therefore ,the more reactive Zn displaces the less reactive
hydrogen from sulphuric acid and a colourless solution is obtained.
B] Aim : To study Budding in Hydra.
Apparatus : Compound microscope ,permanent slide showing binary fission of hydra.
Diagram :
Observation : Budding in Hydra
1.A small outgrowth is seen on the body of Hydra.
[Link] becomes multicellular due to enough growth.
[Link] outgrowth detaches in the form of bud having mouth and tentacles.
Conclusion : Hydra reproduce by asexual method.
Roll no. 29 to 35 (5A and B)
5 A] Aim : To identify the presence of Iodide from the given salt .
Apparatus : Test Tube , Silver nitrate and solution of potassium iodide.
Diagram : Test Tube
Bright yellow ppt of AgI
Observation :
Chemical Reaction Colour of the precipitate Ion
KI + AgN →KN AgI ↓ Bright yellow Iodine ( )
Conclusion : White ppt of AgI is formed .
Presence of in the given solution is confirmed.
Elements of halogen group in the periodic table show similar properties
B] Aim : To study the reproductive system in Hibiscus flower.
Apparatus :Hibiscus flower , forcep , blade and simple microscope
Diagram :
Observation :
Whorl Number of Components Structure Functions
Calyx Five Green Sepals Protective .Keeping all
the parts safely covered
during bud condition.
colourful To attract insects for
Corolla 5 pollination.
Androecium Innumerable Stamens Anthers To produce Pollen
Grains
5 Carple
Gynoecium To produce female
gamet
Conclusion : Androecium from flower is male whorl, while gynoecium is female whorl.
Roll no.36 to 39 (6A and B)
6 A] Aim : To observe reaction of Copper Sulphate Solution with iron nail.
Apparatus : Beaker ,Test Tube, solution of copper sulphate and iron nail.
Diagram :
Observation :
[Link]. Experimental Procedure Observation
1 Colour of Copper Sulphate Soln. before the experiment. Blue colour
2 Colour of Iron Nail before the experiment. Steel Grey
3 Colour of Copper Sulphate Soln. before the experiment. Light Green
4 Colour of Iron Nail before the experiment. Reddish brown
Conclusion :On immersing the brown coloured iron nail in blue coloured copper sulphate solution
,they displaces copper from copper sulphate solution and their colour becomes light green .
This is displacement reaction.
B] Aim : To identify & study the characteristics of Chordate animal.(Fish) Apparatus
:Preserved specimens of fish.
Diagram :
Observation :
Kingdom -Animalia
Phylum -Chordata
Sub- Phylum -Vertebrata
Class -Pisces
Example -Rohu fish
Characteristics :
[Link] is cold blooded animal with a spindle shaped body to minimize water –resistance.
[Link] breaths with gills
Roll no. 40 to 46 (7A and B)
7 A] Aim : To obtain the focal length of a Convex lens.
Apparatus : Convex lens ,lens holder ,meter scale and screen with a stand .
Diagram :
Observation : Least count of the meter scale = 1 mm.
[Link]. Distant Object Distance between lens & the screen
1 Tree 20
2 Building 20.5
3 Electric Pole 20.5
Average F1 20.3
Conclusion : First focal length of the convex lens (F1) 20.3 cm.
B] Aim : To study the characteristics of Non-Chordate animal.(Earthworm) Apparatus
: Preserved specimens of Earthworm .
Diagram :
Observation:
Kingdom -Animalia
Sub-kingdom -Non-chordata
Phylum -Annelida Example
-Earthworm
Characteristics :
[Link] cylindrical and metamerically segmented body covered with cuticle.
[Link] called ‘Friend of farmer ‘ as it dwells the land and makes it loose.
Roll no. 47 to 52 (8A and B)
8.A] Aim : To identify the type of reaction by studying the reaction & recording the
observation of action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc.
Apparatus : Test Tube , sulphuric acid and zinc dust.
Diagram :Test Tube
ZnS
Observation :
Reaction Number of Number of Interesting feature of Type of the
Reactants Products Reaction reaction
Zn + → ZnS + 2 2 from gets Displacement
displaced by Zn reaction
metal
Conclusion :
[Link] gas evolved in the reaction.
[Link] is more reactive than hydrogen .Therefore ,the more reactive Zn displaces the less reactive
hydrogen from sulphuric acid and a colourless solution is obtained.
B] Aim : Identify and study the characteristics of Microbe.
Apparatus : Compound microscope , permanent slide of streptococcus thermophillis.
Diagram :
Observation :
[Link]. Name of Microbe Type Characteristics
1 Streptococcus Gram positive Streptococci are
facultative anaerobic
organisms that are
spherical or ovoid and
found in pairs or chains.
Conclusion : Mozzarella cheese and yogurt are manufactured using this microbe.
It turns milk sugar –lactose into lactic acid .The increase in lactic acid turns milk into gel like
structure characteristic of yogurt.