T-L Methods:
Non-Lecture hours (NLH) – Theory
By [Link] Ide,
Professor,
Rachana sharir Dept.
Non-Lecture Activities
Seminar
• Each seminar to be given in group of 10-20 students
as per directions of HOD of respective department .
• Total time allotted for presentation will be of 8-10
minutes followed by question answer session
(maximum 02 min).
• Minimum 10 seminar topics should be completed
throughout the year in allotted 04 hours for all
students per subject i.e. 05 seminars of 10 min
duration per hour.
Seminar
• Discussion of a topic in depth under the guidance of
an expert.
• Needs an expert
• Students group:-Seminar-under guidance of faculty.
Workshop
• Model making
• Coloring of bones
• Specimen mounting
Tutorial(TT)
• A small group of learners are guided by a teacher to
understand a matter well.
• Improve understandings, clear doubts, Ideal
Teacher:Student ratio.(15-20)
• Needs preparation by both, for effectiveness
• Topics with higher level of difficulty can be taken for
tutorials.
• [Link] of srotas, Internal structure of chambers
of heart, Formation of germ layers.
Group Discussion(GD)
• Methodical & structured discussion of a specific
topic.
• All students can take part interactively, teacher being
a leader/subject expert.
Problem based learning(PBL)
• An instructional student-centered approach which
uses carefully constructed clinical problem as a
context for students to: define their learning needs,
conduct self directed enquiry, integrate theory &
practice & apply knowledge & all skills to develop a
solution to a defined problem.
Problem based learning(PBL)
• The intent is to challenge the learner with problems
found in practice both as a stimulus for learning &
focus for organizing what has been learned for later
recall & application for future work.
• From focus on teaching to focus on learning
investigations of real world problems.
Problem based learning(PBL)
• The PBL process is tightly structured & contains a
number of key steps-
• The PBL tutorial:-
• Typically consist of a small number of
students(ideally between 6-10)
• Is facilitated by one or more faculty tutors who guide
the process without contributing directly to the
solution of the problem or being the primary source
of information.
Problem based learning(PBL)
• Meeting once a week for two hours per session.
• Completing a case in two or three sessions.
[Link] Presentation
[Link] key information
Key process in [Link] & ranking hypotheses
the PBL Tutorial [Link] an enquiry strategy
Process
[Link] learning objectives
[Link] back
[Link] new knowledge
[Link] Scenario
• Scenario no.1
• Amit, an engineering student of 18 years came to the
OPD of MIAER with the complaints of Jwar(Fever), Nasa
srava(running nose), Kshwathu(sneezing & watering of
eyes) since three days. He also complained of kantha
shoola(Pain in throat) & Galavarodha(Congestion of
throat).
• On examination:-
• There was redness of nasal mucosa & Aaraktata & shotha
in gala pradesh(Redness & inflammation of pharynx). He
was given proper medication & was asked to review after
5 days.
[Link] Scenario
• Cues:-
• Engineering student, 18 years, Jwara (fever), Nasa
srava(running nose), Kshwaythu(Sneezing &
Watering of eyes), Kantha shoola(Pain in throat) &
Galavarodha(Congestion of throat).
• On examination:-redness of nasal mucosa &
aaraktata & shotha in gala pradesh(redness &
inflammation of pharynx)
[Link] Scenario
• Learning Objectives:-
• Describe the moolasthan of Pranavaha srotas.
• Describe the dushti lakshanas of Pranavaha srotas
• Describe Nasa sharir(Ayurved aspect).
• Describe anatomy of nose.
Integrating Teaching(IT)
• Integration in education can be defined as the
coordination of different teaching learning activities
to ensure the harmonious functioning of the
educational process for more effective learning by
students.
• For I BAMS-Horizontal Integration
• [Link]-teaching learning of Renal structure &
function by Rachana & Kriya sharir
Integrating Teaching(IT)
• An integrated model should include:-
• List of participating departments
• Learning Objectives
• Evaluation Plan-MCQs, SAQs
• Alternate teaching learning methods & media
• Time-Table
• List of learning resources.
Early clinical exposure(ECE)
• What is ECE?
• ECE is teaching learning methodology, which fosters
exposure of the medical students to the patients as
early as the first year of medical education.
• Goals of ECE
Self Directed Learning(SDL)
• Self-directed learning is the process through which
an individual takes responsibility for their learning.
This includes assessing the needs and readiness for
learning, identifying learning goals, engaging in the
learning process and self-evaluation.
• As a part of learning students are needs to acquire
many essential skills by this methods. Many online
tools, E learning portals, MOOC’s related to syllabus
are available. As per importance of topics nice to
know topics can be selected for this method.
Self Directed Learning(SDL)
• The definition of SDL, coined by Knowles in 1975, is
‘a process in which individuals take the initiative,
with or without the help of others, in diagnosing
their learning needs, formulating goals, identifying
human and material resources for learning, choosing
and implementing appropriate learning strategies,
and evaluating learning outcomes.’
• In SDL, the learning responsibility shifts to students,
and they take on an active role in developing and
initiating actions necessary to achieve their learning
goals
Self Directed Learning(SDL)
• We conducted comprehensive searches for literature
published between January 2019 and July 2025 in
seven online databases: PubMed, Embase,
PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of
Science.