Tutorial 3 MA 406
29 Jan Spring 2026, IIT Bombay
Submission on Feb 5th 2026, in class: Please turn in solutions to problems
Part I -(1(b)), Part I-(4(d)), Part I -(5), Part I-(7(b)), Part II- (3(b)).
Each person in the new group has to handwrite exactly one problem. Ensure all
the new group members submit answers to different problems. Marks are allotted
individually. Please submit solutions only to the assigned problems.
The role of the group is to collaborate on solutions and decide who will write
up solution to which problem. If there are any concerns please email me.
Part I.
(1) Let Rl denote the topological space generated by the base {[a, b) | a, b ∈
R}.
(a) Give two different examples of continuous functions (R, | |) → Rl if
it exists with justification.
(b) Give two different examples of continuous functions Rl → (R, | |) if
it exists with justfication.
(2) A set D in (X, T ) is said to be dense if ClX (D) = X.
(a) If D is dense in X then D ∩ A is dense in A. Prove or disprove.
(b) Give two different examples of proper dense sets of R2 . with standard
topology.
(3) Let X be a topological space. Show that if {Bβ } is any collection of open
subsets of X whose union is X, then a function on X is continuous if its
restriction to each Bβ , is continuous.
(4) Let X be a topological space and {Aα } be a collection of subsets of X
covering X, that is X = ∪α Aα . Let f : X → Y be a function such that
f |Aα is continuous.
(a) Show that if the collection {Aα } is finite and each set Aα is closed,
then f is continuous.
(b) Find an example where the collection {Aα } is countable and each Aα
is closed, but f is not [Link] justfication
(c) An indexed family of sets {Aα } is said to be locally finite if each point
a ∈ X there exists an open set a ∈ V which intersects Aα for only
finitely many values of α. Show that the union of any subfamily from
a locally finite family of closed sets is closed.
(d) Show that if the family {Aα } is locally finite and each Aα is closed,
then f is continuous.
(5) Show that if g : R2 → Y is continuous, then g( , 0) : R → Y and
g(0, ) : R → Y are both continuous. Show that the converse to part
xy
is not true. (Let g(x, y) = 2 , when (x, y) ̸= (0, 0) with g(0, 0) = 0.)
x + y2
1
2
(6) Let X, Y, Z be topological spaces. Show that if X is homeomorphic to Y
and Y is homeomorphic to Z then X is homeomorphic to Z.
(7) Let Y be an ordered set with order topology. Let f, g : X → Y be
continuous.
(a) Show that the set {x ∈ X | f (x) ≤ g(x)} is closed in X.
(b) Let h : X → Y be the function h(x) = min{f (x), g(x) | x ∈ X}
Show that h is continuous.
Part II.
(1) Let (X, d1 ) and (Y, d2 ) be metric spaces. Let i1 : X → X ⊔ Y and
i2 : Y → X ⊔ Y be natural inclusions.
(a) Is there is a canonical choice of metric on X ⊔ Y ?
(b) Are i1 , i2 are continuous with this choice of metric on X ⊔ Y ?
(2) Let (X, d1 ) and (Y, d2 ) be metric spaces. Let p1 : X × Y → X and
p2 : X × Y → Y be natural projections.
(a) Is there is a canonical choice of metric on X × Y ?
(b) Are p1 , p2 are continuous with this choice of metric on X × Y ?
(3) Let f : X → Y be a function.
(a) If (Y, F ) is a topology on Y , find the smallest topology on X with
which f is continuous if it exists.
(b) If (X, T ) is a topology on X, find the largest topology on Y with
which f is continuous if it exists.
(4) Let (X, T ) and (Y, F ) be topological spaces. Find the largest topology
on X ⊔ Y such that i1 : X → X ⊔ Y and i2 : Y → X ⊔ Y are continuous.
(5) Let (X, T ) and (Y, F ) be topological spaces. Find the smallest topology
on X × Y such that p1 : X × Y → X and p2 : X × Y → Y are continuous.