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Computer Graphics.

The document discusses various types of printers, including dot matrix, daisy wheel, chain/band, inkjet, and laser printers, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers plotters, which are used for high-precision graphic outputs in fields like engineering and architecture. The comparison between impact and non-impact printers is provided, detailing their speed, cost, print quality, and suitability for graphics.

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shreyadh419
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6 views16 pages

Computer Graphics.

The document discusses various types of printers, including dot matrix, daisy wheel, chain/band, inkjet, and laser printers, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers plotters, which are used for high-precision graphic outputs in fields like engineering and architecture. The comparison between impact and non-impact printers is provided, detailing their speed, cost, print quality, and suitability for graphics.

Uploaded by

shreyadh419
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
‘sd a 305 (5) amo smn uy passaudxa osje souunowos 5; poods id © &q payuud saSed yo soqunu "ounjosar ayy uayund Jo seiado ut "Sed vogue jo asm a hae nae uoagu ps a purse Pe _ elo yay oP Te Hac PED ins were used {Ot printing lowercsee, letters gov 0 Eom 2 Pi that tag fa 266 Chantix Forme 5 7 oe oy a mates ve 18 oF ns. The bt dt mati pa * rere dace earlier quay type characters exe igure 267 As dot mic pines recone by software and prints inform of dos, produce characters of diferent fonts and sizes. They can also print cha, different shapes from different languages. Dot matrix printers are usually slower and their printing £0 500 characters per second (cps). * ot_matrix printers use inked ribbon for printing documents and ares monochrome, However itis also possible to produce few colors by using multvex sreepanen ies Piles lck the ability to print computer generated imag acceptable quality * Some ofthe relative advantages of dot matrix printers are J. They are capable of producing mult-copes or printouts by the use of cabo 2 They are relatively cheaper and have long lif, speed varies in the range ‘There are several disadvantages that makes dot-matrix printer unpopular 1, They are usually slower i speed 2. They produce alot of noise due to impact technology used in them. & The printed documents have low resolutne 5. They are not capable of pri able of printing 'mages and other high quality graphics. 2.7 “Pad 9 Pi 1B Pin 24Pm Fig. 2.67 Print hoad with 7,9, 18 and 24 pins 2 Daisy Wheel Printer [Link] Da _ lel printers are impact printer that uses a Special type of print head (wheel hat resembles a daisy flower (see figure 2.68) This wheel is usually made of metal o aractor embossed has number af spokes 18H : # This whee! or print head poke (see gure vc rotted under the Rammer Nt Ne appropy e At the time of printing, the tuner the character appears 1s homme Held lallalal of the character the Bam a cough the inked ribbon. After proper positioni he character on paper thr i «« wheel contains all the her punctuations. possible characters includ P in prin The petals oF spokes of thi i, exclamation mark and oth stop, question mar Fig 2.69 Characters on each spoke of daisy wheel + In order to change the types of font, user need to change daisy wheel whh detachable and replaceable + Many daisy wheel printers also support bold, double strike or triple strike facility © Daisy wheel printers were not so popular and are not used because of the fl limitations 1. They are noisy as they use hammering technology to print as character In order to produce varying fonts, users need to replace the daisy whee! They print only characters and symbols and cannot print graphics. chart 4. They are generally slow with a printing speed of about 10 to second. [Link] Chain/Band Printer ‘« Chain/band printers are line printers that print one line at a time It contains a metallic chain or band where all the characters and symbols 20°] 2.70), AV standacel chara ct supported by printer are embossed (sev figure have 48, 64 or 96 characters Fig 2.70 Chain pate ERE oreo the ter r t : sprint pstions that the printer can print on ne. For example if thee ae ge haracters in one line) and 46 characters in one set, then there will be 6336 (133.4 | aca rena | ind * The paper along with inked ribbon is placed between the hammer and drum ep . he drum usually r | trikes t * The hammer strikes when char. mbossed on drum) appears at desired location. order to pri ne, the drum has to make one full revolution. Therefore, all he Fig. 2.71 A drum printer (onetorearh pint ‘our l Fig. 2.72 Prining mechanism of rum pin Drum printer is unpopular be P unpopular because of its various limitations Being impact printer it produces alot of noise. It is not easy to change c «easy to change font of printed characters. Changing the font would require the change of drum. This operation is usually expensive 3. [tis not suitable for printing graphics such as charts and graph 4. [tis not possible to print characters with varying font sizes [Link] Inkjet Printer fre the non-impact printers that create an image by spraying small inkjet printer i shove in figure2 tween 50 and 0 microns Inkjet printers droplets of ink onto paper. A pers are extremely small (sual bet The droplets sprayed on ps in diameter). The print head of an inkjet print er contains a series of ny nozzles tat are sed 10 spray ee Jarome inkjet printer uses & wr nkcardpetlck nd These colors can be are both monochrome and color. A monod ink, whereas color Pr ns red, blue and green color other desired colors ‘These printers A mn with blac ‘color cartridge contai or with blad single cartridge tricolor. The tri combined with each other ‘color to produce nw Apes OSS PMO ty 1.6 Laser Printer fate outpu © OOP Mer by, Laser printers are the most sanced py ; st printers. Thy on Neropraphic princi mot tiny Hots, they ag vets He 10 INE Kt wih AP], Te major compo a enters © powered charged ink +The working of laser printers explana . or photoreceptor drum, ana tener: chan, Ie uses photosensitive rotating drum. tnitay charge by the charge corona wire (a wiee with sn clonal cn AW - ig 2.7 Lave pire Graphte To print a page, the printer focuses strum by the spinning multi-sided mirror. ete 3. The laser Bam removes the positive chaege fom the drum eSCEP OF he agg ee in th the laser draws the letters and image: Pring be printed. In this way, the laser d ee pattem of electrical charges. This i called an elect 8 (ink) powder stickS 0 this pos egatively charged toner © hanged aa rting tesco ) of the drum ie. all those parts of g, % charged area (forming characters or image) nu surface which are exposed to the laser beam. ‘ 5. A little later, the toner coated drum is pressed against the paper in order ,, transfer this black powder onto the paper. 6. The printer then applies heat and pressure to fuse the toner permanently on thy Paper. This is done by passing the paper through a fuser (a pair of heated roller This fuser also heats up the paper itself, which is why pages are always hot whe, they come out ofa laser printer. 7. After the toner is deposited on the paper, the drum is rotated and cleaned with, rubber blade in order to remove the toner sticking to its surface so as to prepare for next page printing, This is done by passing the drum surface through disctaye lamp. Thus, electrical image is erased by exposing this drum toa bright light, * Initially most commercial laser printers were limited to monochrome printing (i. black color toner). The color printers work in the same way as monochrome printers However, the above described entire printing process is repeated fou times one pas for cyan (blue), one for magenta (red), one for yellow and last one for black By Combining these four colors of toner in varying proportions it is possible to produces large variety of colors. Fla. 2.75 Working o a laser printer Laser printers are controled through pag description languages (POLS). tn order to SubPort hundred of dtferent fons and graphics print Controller and the host computer rommunicate via PDL. The print controlles is the laser printer's main onboard computer ‘hattalks to host computer through either USB pow or a parallel por. There are two de-facto standards for PDL 1+ PCL (Printer Control Language): twas developed by Hewlet Packard (HP) % Postscript : This is the cle-acto standard for Apple Macintosh printers riser printers are high quality printers and have resolution of 600 dpi and 1200 pi There are certain electrographic printing plate laser printers with resolution of ano pi used for printing on plastic sheet. Thus laser printers offers several advantages 1. Laser printers are noiseless as they are nor-impact printers 2. They have high printing speeds and can print 4 to 12 pages per minute (ppm, 1 characters of different font style 3. They offer high quality printing and can produce ch ee and size. They can also print graphics such as charts, graphs ters incurs low cost per page: 4. As compared to inkjet printer, laser print’ Pe Picture definition 4a Refresh rate Resolution 1 fie den Realism in display Memory requirements 10. | Concept of interlacing 1. Scan conversion Method of Production n colour 13. | Cost frame buffer or refresh buffer 0s nition is stored in a set of intensity values for all the screen points the the entire scan or cycle and moves back to the top left corner of Refreshing occurs when electron beam completes Refresh rate is independent of picture complenity. Refresh rate is 60 to 80 cycles per second. A picture is displayed in form of Pattern illuminated spots on the screen. It has poor or less resolution as picture definition is stored as intensity values. It produces jagged lines because plotted values are discrete. It is suitable for displaying realistic images and scenes different colors and patterns. shading High, as each pixel’s color or intensity value is stored. Used Required Ttuses shadow-mask method It is less expensive than random scan system, Graphig | ture etotion by papnte Dewees display Hot OF disp Md capi set oF line dravsing cand) | ne eae Refreshing occurs when y | Hine drawing comming | = processed ond system 9 lored back tothe fist commang "2-3-5 COVOFS" = Colored C wide rang Refresh rate depends dingy phosphor picture complexity. 4 There are Refresh rate i 3010 60 im, 1. Beal second i ‘Shia eects 4s displayed in fora, [Link] Beam | ~ « Beam pe + In this r It has high resolution as pig of screer is stored as a set of line draw, Normal commands. © The typ It produces smooth lines as & phosph electron beam directly folipy Ika lo tie line path: therefo It is not suitable for reals © Itafas display as it cannot isis green j shades. It is used for li AG in | drawing applications excitin Low, as only the coordint# yellow and direction of lines is stor © Accel thet Not used y © Beam moni Not required © Alth« It uses beam _penetrai® butis method. ® Bean It is costlier than raster @ 1 system 2, Seo [Link] Comparison between impact © ~~ Non-impact Ca ee Impact a | [Link]. Factor ieee 2s not I Fcc hammer that cqrikes the | It does "0 shes hammering : ses hammer ocl i Printing u with inked FiDDOM technique father use ings?) MeEncI ony, paper alongs jaser aNd electrostay. i techniques —_| Tr does not produce muting’ le multiple copies They produce ee use of ; copies: ument by the P' | same doc carbon. 4 —— | a o ey are faster than ii They are slower in speed 25 they | They nN impac, acter OF line at a inter. print one char pri line. | a They are usually cheaper: [they arecostier 1 " Tow. | Print quality is high. They are well suited to produce Cost Quality Print quality is usually | They are not good for printing graphics such as images, charls graphics such aS images, and graphs. graphs and charts. | saps They are capable of producing wide range of 7. | Color output They offer limited color printing. colors. 8. Example Dot-matrix, daisy wheel, chain | Inkjet, laser and electrostatic and drum printer. printer. 2.7.2 Plotters + Aplotter is an output device used to produce high precision, hard copy, graphic output of varying sizes. «These devices are commonly used by engineers, architects, designers for CAD/CAM applications to create an architectural plan of a building, design mechanical component of a large machine and big posters etc ‘The plotters vary in sizes depending upon their application and the accuracies achievable are very high. © These devices can produce output on various types of media such as paper, tracing paper, acetate film, flex etc. «Color plotter used number of pens with different colors. ‘Graphic Devices «Like printers, plotters are atso conn printers because of the mechanical continuous lines, +The microprocessor execute commands, aba 4 As the plotter is a vector device it n 2 veet “ies continuous lines to create images and can ~~ directly reach specific location on printer paper withont following raster row sequence. my, + Tworypes of plotters hat are commonly used ares drum plone one flatbed potter [Link] Dram Plotter + Dram plotier uses a eylindrical drum where the paper is wrapped to set output. This in sevemens.” PotN slockwise and anticlockwise direction to adver aw’y 4 + Takeo uses one oF more pen holders that are mounted perpendicular to the drum's furface, The Pen(s) clamped in holders) move let to right or right to let to produce Bf horizontal movement. me + Movement of both the drum and pen(s) is controlled by a graph plotting software. in Therefore, under the software control, the drum and pen(s) move simultaneously 0

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