2024 9th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)
A Concept of an IoT-Based System for Monitoring
the Operation Parameters of Vehicles
2024 9th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE) | 979-8-3503-6938-0/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/EEAE60309.2024.10600628
Abstract—The information, provided by vehicles to their the requirements indicated in [9], there are other parameters
drivers is crucial for their reliable operation. This study that could indicate malfunctions of individual elements of the
presents an IoT-based concept for vehicles monitoring, aimed at vehicle. Their timely elimination will avoid the improper
increasing the fault-free operation time and reliability. It operation of internal combustion engines and which would
includes the architecture of the proposed system, which collects also reduce the harmful emissions released into the
information from the vehicle’s CANBUS network and atmosphere.
additional sensors. All information is transmitted to a cloud
database using GPRS and/or WiFi connectivity, where the data In [10, 11, 12], the emitted emissions in the environment
is analyzed. In the study is also presented a block diagram of the are summarized, as well as their impact on humanity and the
IoT system, presenting its main block, modules and their economy of each country. If the main manufacturers on the
function. Furthermore, the communication between the IoT market are considered, such as BMW [13], Mazda [7], Ford,
devices, the server and the client are presented with the help of Opel, VW [14] and others, each of them follows its own
an activity diagram. Finally, the logic behind the proposed baseline level of visualization of relevant information.
system is summarized with the help of a flow-chart diagram.
On the other hand, with the development of the
Keywords—vehicles, Internet of Things, electronic system, information and communication technologies, many
information. opportunities have appeared, based on Internet of Things
(IoT) [15], cloud databases [16] and artificial intelligence
I. INTRODUCTION [17]. Using real-time monitoring systems based on IoT, can
In the context of the ever-increasing number of vehicles provide drivers with information about changes that have
worldwide, the environmental factor and the correct and occurred in the vehicle and thus prevent the occurrence of a
trouble-free operation of these vehicles is becoming a subsequent problem on the vehicle via a timely notification
significant problem. Furthermore, this is related to the creation (service, roadside assistance, or even the need for medical
of different types of emissions, such as CO, NOx, support). Such systems for real-time vehicle monitoring and
hydrocarbons (HC), PM 10 and PM 2.5, etc. [1,2]. This shows applications that facilitate their usage are presented in [18, 19].
how important the optimization of the available technological Modern vehicles are becoming increasingly IoT-oriented,
solutions is, as well as how important it is to eliminate the connecting to each other using concepts such as V2I - Vehicle-
vehicle malfunctions in a timely manner, in order to minimize to-infrastructure, V2V - Vehicle-to-Vehicle, V2G - Vehicle to
the amount of time it is used in a faulty condition [3,4]. grid and many other models for monitoring and controlling the
The types and nature of the problems, which vehicle security and condition of vehicles [20,21,22]. These concepts,
drivers experience, depend on many factors, including the their application, efficiency and reliability, as well as their
vehicle’s brand and model. In the last decade most problems technical studies for the next generation of systems are widely
related to the operation of cars can only be taken care of in evaluated in [23].
specialized service centers. One of the key problems for the This study aims to present a conceptual model of an IoT-
vehicle drivers is that the information, which is provided by based electronic system, used for providing real-time vehicles
the automobile’s system via its Infotainment system display is exploitation data for visualization and analysis.
limited [5,6]. In [6] a behavioral analysis was implemented
with drivers of motor vehicles, which showed that they need II. ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM
approximately 28 days to adapt to the information provided by
their car, which is an obstacle when driving. The architecture of the proposed system is summarized in
Fig. 1. It is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) approach and
Every vehicle must provide basic indicators that should be includes the following key components:
monitored by the driver in order to ensure reliable operation.
These are engine coolant temperature, oil quantity, lack or • IoT-based microcontroller, whose main functions are:
shortage of coolant, tire pressure problems, lack of windshield o Communication with the vehicle and extraction
washer fluid, etc. In [7, 8] are described a large part of the of information from the CANbus network;
capabilities of modern vehicle information systems, as well as
their priority arrangement of system functions. In addition to
1
Authorized licensed use limited to: MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF
2024 9th International Conference on Energy Efficieny and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)
• Administrative management of the system, which Cloud platform
includes: Graphical user
Web server Database
interface
o Setting the access level of the different users,
i.e., which of the system functions are
accessible for them; User interaction Communication IoT module
module module
o Definition of threshold values for each
controlled parameter of the vehicle. When
certain parameter goes outside the allowed Software module Microcontroller
boundaries, the different users will be notified
in an appropriate way;
Data acquisition Power supply
o Problem analysis, based on the available data module module
for a certain vehicle;
o Reading and marking as read of the different Communication
Power supply
Vehicle interface
diagnosis trouble codes (DTC) of the vehicle.
• Administrative intervention with the vehicle: Fig. 3. Structure of the proposed IoT-based vehicle monitoring system
o Staring a remote system update on the installed • User interaction module – used to visualize the
vehicle IoT device; necessary information to the vehicle user and gives
o Limiting of a certain parameter of the vehicle, him the opportunity to enter input information.
in certain situations; • Data acquisition module – responsible for collecting
o Stopping the vehicle from moving upon data from the vehicle’s sensors and board computer
happening of certain critical situation; through its OBD port.
o Sending notification to the vehicle user • Power supply module – responsible for providing the
regarding required service and maintenance necessary voltage levels for powering the
activities. microcontroller and its periphery.
• Administrative intervention with the vehicle: • Communication module – provides connectivity of
the IoT device with the remote cloud services directly
o Staring a remote system update on the installed to the web server and indirectly with the database and
vehicle IoT device; the graphical user interface for the
o Limiting of a certain parameter of the vehicle, operator/administrator users. Different
in certain situations; communication technologies could be used, such as
GPRS/3G for general purpose, WiFi/Bluetooth for
o Stopping the vehicle from moving upon service management, etc.
happening of certain critical situation;
The IoT module is installed within the vehicle and
o Sending notification to the vehicle user uses/interacts with some of its subsystems:
regarding required service and maintenance
activities. • Communication interface – the integrated OBD port
and CANbus network of the vehicle, which the IoT
• Observing information about the vehicle; device connects to.
• Export information from the database for extended • Power supply – the power system of the vehicle,
analysis. which is used to power the IoT device.
The other major component of the system is the cloud
IV. STRUCTURE OF THE IOT-BASED VEHICLE MONITORING
platform, which includes:
SYSTEM
The structure of the proposed system is summarized in Fig. • A web server – provides all the communication and
3, which includes an IoT-based module and a cloud-based security protocols, required for the operation of the
platform. The IoT module consists of the following proposed system.
subsystems: • A database – provides space for storing historical data
• Microcontroller – responsible for controlling all the about the operation of each vehicle, the decision and
connected periphery and for implementing the local actions taken, etc.
decision-making process. • Graphical user interface – provides user-friendly
• Software module – implements the control algorithm means for the operator, in order to manage the system,
of the microcontroller and implements the connection set assignments, observe real-time and historical data,
between the hardware, the local user and the remote send information to the vehicle user, etc.
users. V. OPERATION ALGORITHM OF THE SYSTEM
The operation algorithm of the proposed vehicle
monitoring system is presented in Fig. 4. After the system is
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2024 9th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT 7th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural
This work has been supported by the University of Ruse Engineering (EE&AE), Ruse, Bulgaria, 2020, pp. 1-5, doi:
10.1109/EEAE49144.2020.9278998.
Research Fund under contract no 2024–ЕЕА-02
[16] Y. Kalmukov and I. Valova, "Design and development of an automated
“Development and investigation of a photovoltaic system web crawler used for building image databases," 2019 42nd
powering sensor devices in greenhouses”. International Convention on Information and Communication
Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), Opatija,
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