MICRO PROJECT REPORT
ON
PLC BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROL
SYSTEM.
SUBMITTED BY
MR. ROSHAN DIPAK MALI [24152580668]
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. SHARMILA RATHOD
SUB : INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION (316329)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2025 – 26
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project entitled “PLC Based Temperature
Control System” is a bonafied work carried out by 1]Roshan Dipak Mali. with
respect to the Course of Industrial Automation Under the guidance of Prof.
Sharmila Rathod in partial fulfill of requirement for the award of
Diploma in Electrical Engineering in Maharashtra Polytechnic affiliated by
Maharashtra State Board of Technological University, Mumbai
PROF. MAYURI DEVRUKHAKAR PROF. SHARMILA RATHOD
[PROJECT GUIDE] [HEAD OF DEPARTMENT]
BOURDON TUBE PRESSURE GUAGE
INTRODUCTION
Bourdon tubes are a popular pressure gauge used to measure the gauge pressure of
liquids and gases. Gauge pressure is the pressure of a fluid media relative to the atmospheric
pressure. Bourdon tube pressure gauges are mechanical. They do not use an electrical signal to
work. They measure fluid pressure within the range of 0.6 to 7,000 bar or 8 to 1,000 pounds
per square inch (psi). Since this pressure gauge can be used for low-pressure, vacuum and
highpressure applications, it is common in most industries. .
CONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH
it is clear that the bourdon pressure gauge is attached to the pipeline of the system’s inlet
pipe. The socket block holds the inlet pipe in place, allowing the pressure to flow into the
stationary end of the tube. This pressure is distributed throughout the elastic C-shaped tube
between the fixed and the moving ends. As the inlet pressure increases, the C-shape tube
straightens. The pivot and pivot pin attached to the moving end of the tube connects this
movement with the sector gear. This leads to an amplified motion which causes a deflection of
the indicator needle for every small change in inlet pressure. When the inlet pressure increases,
the indicator moves clockwise (from left to right) over a calibrated scale. Once the pressure
drops, the tube regains its helix shape, and the indicator moves in an anticlockwise direction
(from right to left).
Due to its design, the bourdon tube is sensitive to pressure changes, making it suitable
for high-precision applications. It is also resistant to corrosion and vibration.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working of this gauge is based on the elastic nature of the bourdon [Link] tube
has oval or elliptical shaped cross-section. When the tube gets pressurized, this elliptical shape
tries to attain the circular shape due to hoop stresses onto the wall of the [Link] to this,
Cshaped tube also tries to straighten. This causes displacement in the sealed end of the [Link]
movement of c-shape is magnified using gear sector & pinion arrangement to indicate the
pressure.
APPLICATION
Manufacturing and processing: They are common in processing plants where pressure
measurements of the various fluids are critical for optimal system operation.
Agriculture: Bourdon tubes are used in agricultural sprayers to keep the pressure at the desired
range.
Water supply systems: These pressure gauges are used to maintain optimal working pressures
to ensure water is delivered to the desired distances at the right pressure.
Other use cases are in the automotive, marine and aerospace industries and heating, ventilation
and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
ADVANTAGES
It has the following advantages.
[Link] accuracy when used in low and high-pressure applications
[Link] safety when used in high-pressure systems
3.a compact and durable design
[Link] low cost for its premium features
[Link] dynamic pressure loads and works well under heavy vibration
DISADVANTAGES
It has the following disadvantages.
[Link] is subjected to hysteresis.
[Link] respond to changes in pressure.
[Link] is sensitive to shock & vibration.
FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION REFERENCE