Exercise 1.

2: Plant and Animal Cells

Section A
Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose
the one you consider correct.
1. Which of the following cell organelles does not have an envelope?
A. Lysosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondrion
D. Chloroplast
2. The main difference between a plant and animal cell is that __________.
A. animal cells lack a cell wall
B. animal cells have a vacuole
C. plant cells lack a rigid cell wall
D. plant cells have small vacuoles
3. Which of the following statements states the cell theory?
A. All cells have nuclei
B. All cells are living
C. Cells reproduce by mitosis and meiosis
D. Cells are fundamental structural units of plants and animals
4. Which structures are found in plant cells only?
A. Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole
B. Cell wall, ribosomes, chloroplast
C. Chloroplast, nucleus
D. Mitochondria, vacuole, cell membrane, cell wall
5. Plant cells and animal cells are eukaryotic. What does eukaryotic mean?
A. Contains a single membrane.
B. Organisms whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
C. Synthesis, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates.
D. Cells that can live independent of others.
6. Cell organelles are embedded in the ____________.
A. nucleolus
B. cytoplasm
C. protoplasm
D. mitochondria
7. In which type of cells are centrioles found?
A. Animal cell
B. Plant cell
C. Bacterial cell
D. Protest cell
8. Which cell organelle contains chlorophyll and is found in plant cells?
A. Central vacuole
B. Cell wall
C. Chloroplast
D. Centriole
9. What is the difference between the vacuole of plant cells and that of animal cells?
A. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles while plant vacuoles make up 90% of the cell.
B. Plant cells have less prominent vacuoles than animal cells.
C. Animal cells contain only water but plant cells contain only waste.
D. Vacuoles are the same in both plant and animal cells
10. The diagram below shows a plant cell.

Which part of the cell is responsible for manufacture of food?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
 D. 4
11. Which of the following organelles do plant and animal cells have in common?
A. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies.
B. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast.
C. Mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus.
D. Golgi bodies, nucleus, chloroplast and vacuoles.
12. Which of the following statements about cells is correct?
I. All cells are capable of making food.
II. Both plant and animal cells are bound by a cellulose cell wall.
III. Plant cells have no centrioles.
IV. Animal cells have no nucleus.
A. I, II and III only
B. I, II and IV only
C. III only
D. All of the above are correct.
13. Which type of cells have a cell membrane?
A. plant cells
B. animal cells
C. neither
D. both
14. Genetic material of eukaryotic cells is housed within a __________.
A. cytosol
B. nucleus
C. centrosome
D. mitochondria
15. The following statements refer to the cell wall. Which of them is correct?
A. The tough, rigid, and fairly flexible layer that surrounds a plant cell.
B. The thin, soft, layer inside a plant cell.
C. The invisible layer on the outside of a plant.
D. The soft inner membrane of plant cells.

16. Which of the following is not found in a podocyte?

A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus
C. Cell membrane
 D. Golgi apparatus
17. What is the purpose of iodine solution in the preparation of a specimen?
A. mounting the specimen.
B. dabbing off excess water
C. refracting light and electrons
D. staining the specimen
18. Two cells, A and B were mounted and viewed under a compound microscope in a lab. Cell A
had its vacuole confined in the center and cell B had plenty vacuoles which were small. Where
were cells A and B likely extracted from, respectively?
A. an animal; a plant
B. a plant, an animal
C. same plant
D. same animal
19. Below are some statements. Which of them refer to cell sap?
A. Living content of the cell.
B. Non-living content of the vacuole.
C. Non-living content of the protoplasm.
D. Living content of the cytoplasm.
20. The diagram below shows an animal cell. Which part of the cell is the Golgi apparatus?
Answer: A

Section B
Fill in the gaps using suitable words. Each correct answer is equivalent to one mark.
1. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material of the cell? __________ [1]
Nucleus

2. In which part of the cell are ribosomes made? __________ [1]

Nucleolus

3. The aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and
particles are suspended. __________ [1]
Cytosol

4. The diagram below is a cell. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the type of cell shown in the diagram. __________ [1]

Plant cell

b) Which part is responsible for producing the energy currency of the cell, ATP?
____________ [1]
 C

c) Name the cell part which is controls the movement of substances in and out of the
cell.__________ [1]
A

5. Cells that have membrane-bound nuclei are known as __________ cells. [1]
eukaryotic

6. Those organisms that are made up of many cells are known as __________ organisms.
[1]
multicellular
7.
8. Below is a list of words. Fill in the blank spaces in the questions below by choosing the best
word from the list. Use each word only once.
Hot water
Methylene blue
Cover slip
Iodine solution

Name the substance used to rinse the mouth to be able to extract cheek cells. ___[1]
Hot water

9. The substance that can be used to stain plant cells for microscopy is __________. [1]
Iodine solution

10. What is used to cover the specimen during viewing by the light microscope? __________ [1]
Cover slip

11. Which stain is used for animal cell? ___________ [1]

Methylene blue

12. What is the fluid that fills the nucleus called? __________ [1]
Nucleoplasm
13. Which cell organelles participate in cell division and in the formation of the cilia and flagella
of some eukaryotic cells? __________ [1]
Centrioles

14. What is the molecule responsible for the absorption of light energy during photosynthesis?
___________ [1]
Chlorophyll

15. Where is the molecule responsible for the absorption of light energy during photosynthesis
located in photosynthetic cells? __________ [1]
Chloroplast

16. Both plant and animal cells have a membrane bound nucleus and this feature classifies
them as _________ cells. [1]

Eukaryotic

Section C
Answer all questions. Marks are indicated at the end of each question.
1. Describe the main differences in structure between the plant and animal cells. [6]

Plant cells Animal cells

o Tough, elastic cell wall o Cell wall absent
o Mature cells have large central vacuoles o Vacuoles present are small and
filled with cell sap. scattered throughout the cell, for
example, contractile vacuole
o Tonoplast present around the vacuole o Tonoplast absent
o Cytoplasm normally confined to a thin o Cytoplasm present throughout the
layer at the edge of the cell. cell
o Nucleus at the edge of the cell o Nucleus anywhere in the cell but
sometimes central
o No centrioles o Centrioles present
o Cilia and flagella absent o Cilia and flagella present
o Contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis o No chloroplasts
2. The photo below is an electron micrograph of an animal cell. Use the photo to answer the
questions that follow.

a) What are the features labelled P and Q? [2]

P - Mitochondria
Q - Centrioles

b) State the functions of P and Q. [2]

 P - is involved in energy production in a cell.
 Q - are important for cell division and produce microtubules that separate DNA into two
new, identical cells.

3. The diagram below is a drawing of a root hair cell from a plant:

 a. Name regions A, B and C. [3]

A – cell wall

B- cell membrane

C- nucleus

b. What substance is Region B made of? [1]

 Composed primarily of phospholipids and proteins

c. Name the letter of the region which:

(i) Is selectively permeable [1]

(ii) Controls the activities of the cell. [1]

d. Type in the letter of one region which provides support for the cell. [1]

e. What is the function of Region X? [1]

 Absorption of water and mineral salts

 f. (i) What is the name of the structure, commonly present in leaf cells which are missing
from the root hair cell? [1]

 Chloroplast

(ii)Why is this structure missing? [1]

 The root hair cell does not photosynthesise

4. What chemical substances is the plasma membrane composed of? [3]

 The main components of the plasma membrane are phospholipids, proteins and
carbohydrates.
 Two layers of phospholipids form the lipid bilayer, with the polar part of the
phospholipids pointing to the exterior part of the layer and the non-polar phospholipid
chains toward the interior.
 Proteins can be found embedded in the lipid bilayer.
 There are also some carbohydrates bound to proteins and to phospholipids in the outer
surface of the membrane.

5. What is the difference between a plasma membrane and a cell wall? [3]
 The cell membrane is the outer membrane common to all living cells and is made of a
phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins and some bound carbohydrates.
 The cell walls are external structures to support and protect the membrane, like the
cellulose cell wall of plant cells and the chitin wall of some fungi cells.
 Most bacteria also have an outer cell wall made of peptidoglycans and other organic
substances.

6. What are the main components of cell walls in each of these organisms: bacteria, protists,
fungi and plants? [4]
 In bacteria, the cell wall is made of peptidoglycans;
 Among protists, algae have cell walls made of cellulose;
 In fungi, the cell wall is made of chitin;
 In plants, the cell wall is also made of cellulose.

7. There was an argument between two boys, Simba and Nyasha. Nyasha was saying that
membranes are only present on the outside of cells, but Simba was saying no. Of the two
boys, which one was correct? Explain your answer. [3]
 Simba is correct.
 Cell organelles, such as the Golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, the
endoplasmic reticula and the nucleus, are also enclosed by membranes.