Introduction
An edge may be the result of changes in light, colour, shade and texture,
and these changes can be used to resolve the depth, size orientation and
surface properties of a digital image. Digital analysis of the image helps to
filtering unnecessary information to select the edge points. The detection of
refined changes may be mixed up by noise and this depends on the pixel
threshold of change that defines an edge. Detection of these edges is very
difficult and time consuming especially when an image is corrupted by noise.
Edge detection is a basic and important tool in the main areas of image
processing such as feature detection and feature extraction [1]. Shashank
Mathur and Anil Ahlawat [2], proposed a edge detection algorithm using
windowing technique. This is based on fuzzy relative pixel values in the 3*3
pixels mask for scanning of image. Their technique based to a set of fuzzy
condition used to check the pixel magnitude gradient in the window by made
comparison of pixel values with adjacent pixels. Yasar Beceriklil and Tayfun
[3], proposed fuzzy rule based algorithm provide the flexibility in handling
edge thickness in the processed image. They studied that edge detection
which is use full is used in image segmentation, registration and
identification purposes. Variation of intensity/gray level defines their shape
and size. Various edge profiles are shown in Figure 1. Standard methods of
edge detection are involves convolving the image with an operator. This
made an operator to be sensitive to large gradients in the image while
returning values of zero in uniform regions [4,5].
Edge Detection
Edge detection can be defined as the discovery of lines that marks the limit
and divides of image appearance from other places or things in a digital
image [6]. Edge detection uses an approach where the intensity variations
occur in the image points is declared as the edge. It is a series of actions
used to identify the points in an image where clear and defined changes
occur in the intensity. This series of action is necessary to extract the image
related information e.g. image sharpening, enhancement and object location
present in the image.
Flow chart for edge detection Edge detection algorithm
1. Firstly, take a colour image.
2. Refining: Refining is used to remove the noise as possible without the
damage of the true edges of it.
3. Intensification: Apply differentiation to enhance the quality of edges.
4. Threshold: Edge magnitude threshold is used to reject the noisy edge
pixels and other should be confined.
5. Localization: Some applications to estimate the location of an edge and
spacing between pixels, sub pixels resolution might be required.
6. Get the image after edge exposures.
Figure 1: Edge Types (a) Step Edge (b) Ramp Edge (c) Line Edge (d) Roof
Edge. *Corresponding author: Vikram Mutneja, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State
Technical Campus, Ferozepur, Punjab, India; E-mail:
[Link]@[Link] Received March 22, 2015; Accepted July 07,
2015; Published July 30, 2015 Citation: Dharampal, Mutneja V (2015)
Methods of Image Edge Detection: A Review. J Electr Electron Syst 4: 150.
doi:10.4172/2332-0796.1000150 Copyright: © 2015 Dharampal, et al. This is
an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited