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Module 1.3

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access resources on the Internet, specifying both the location and method for retrieval. It consists of various components including scheme, domain name, path, and optional elements like query strings and fragments. The document also covers the importance of URLs, best practices for creating them, and the role of DNS (Domain Name System) in translating domain names to IP addresses.

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19 views14 pages

Module 1.3

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access resources on the Internet, specifying both the location and method for retrieval. It consists of various components including scheme, domain name, path, and optional elements like query strings and fragments. The document also covers the importance of URLs, best practices for creating them, and the role of DNS (Domain Name System) in translating domain names to IP addresses.

Uploaded by

kavipriya.k
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Module 1

Internet
URL

Definition:

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access resources on the Internet.

Purpose:

It specifies the location of a resource (like a webpage, image, or file) and the method to

retrieve it.

Example:

[Link]
Components of a URL
A standard URL is made up of several parts:

[Link]

Component Description Example

Scheme/Protocol Defines how data is transferred https

Domain Name / Host Identifies the website’s server [Link]

Port (Optional) Communication endpoint :443

Path Specific resource or directory /path/[Link]

Query String (Optional) Data sent to the server ?search=query

Fragment (Optional) Internal page reference #section1


Common URL Schemes

Scheme Description Example

http:// Hypertext Transfer Protocol [Link]

https:// Secure version of HTTP [Link]

ftp:// File Transfer Protocol [Link]

mailto: Opens email client [Link]

file:// Accesses local files [Link]


How URLs Work

• User enters a URL into a browser.

• Browser uses the DNS (Domain Name System) to find the IP address.

• Browser connects to the server using the specified protocol (HTTP, HTTPS,

FTP, etc.).

• Server responds with the requested resource (HTML page, image, etc.).

• Browser renders the resource for the user.


Importance of URLs

• Enables easy access to web resources.

• Defines the structure and navigation of websites.

• Helps in SEO (Search Engine Optimization) — clear, descriptive URLs

improve visibility.

• Used in APIs, databases, and web applications.


Best Practices for URLs

• Keep them short, descriptive, and readable

• Use lowercase letters and hyphens (-) instead of underscores

• Avoid special characters and unnecessary parameters

• Use HTTPS for security

• Implement canonical URLs to prevent duplicate content


Example Breakdown

Example URL:
[Link]

Part Meaning

https Secure protocol

[Link] Subdomain and domain

/products Path to the resource

?category=shoes Query specifying shoe category

#top Fragment linking to top of page


DNS

• DNS stands for Domain Name System

• It translates human-readable domain names (e.g., [Link])

into IP addresses (e.g., [Link])

• Acts like the phonebook of the internet

• DNS ensures that the request reaches the correct server by resolving

the domain to its corresponding IP address.


DNS

• Whenever people type domain names, like [Link] or [Link],

into the address bar of web browsers, the DNS finds the right IP address.

• The site’s IP address is what directs the device to go to the correct place to

access the site’s data.


DNS Architecture

Domain Names are hierarchical:

• Root (.)

• Top-Level Domain (TLD): .com, .org, .net

• Second-Level Domain: [Link]

• Subdomains: [Link], [Link]

DNS Zones:

• A zone is a portion of the domain namespace managed by a specific organization

• Zones contain resource records


DNS Architecture
DNS Architecture
DNS Architecture

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