NUMBER SYSTEM
A number is a mathematical value used for counting or measuring or labelling
objects. Numbers are used to performing arithmetic calculations. Examples of
numbers are natural numbers, whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers, etc.
0 is also a number that represents a null value.
Types of Numbers :
1. Natural Numbers: Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... are called natural numbers.
2. Whole Numbers: All counting numbers together with zero form the set of
whole numbers. Thus,
(i) 0 is the only whole number which is not a natural number. (ii)
Every natural number is a whole number.
3. Integers: All natural numbers, 0 and negatives of counting numbers i.e., {…, - 3
, - 2 , - 1 , 0, 1, 2, 3…..} together form the set of integers .
(i) Positive Integers: {1, 2, 3, 4 …..} is the set of all positive integers.
(ii) Negative Integers: {- 1, - 2, - 3,…..} is the set of all negative integers.
(iii) Non-Positive and Non-Negative Integers: 0 is neither positive nor negative. So, {0, 1,
2, 3,….} represents the set of non-negative integers, while{0, - 1 , - 2 , - 3 , …..} represents
the set of non-positive integers.
4. Even Numbers: A number divisible by 2 is called an even number, e.g., 2,
4, 6, 8, 10, etc.
5. Odd Numbers: A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number. e.g.,1,
3, 5, 7, 9, 11 etc.
6. Prime Numbers: A number which has exactly two factors, namely 1 and the
number itself is called prime number.
Prime numbers up to 100 are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47,
53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97.
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NUMBER SYSTEM
(i) 2 is the only even number which is prime.
(ii) There are 25 prime numbers between 1 and 100.
7. Composite Numbers: Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are known
as composite numbers, e.g., 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.
Note:
1 is neither prime nor composite.
8. Co-primes: Two numbers a and b are said to be co-primes, if their H.C.F. is 1.
e.g., (2, 3), (4, 5), (7, 9), (8, 11), etc. are co-primes .
9. Rational Numbers: Rational numbers are numbers which can be expressed
as a fraction and also as positive numbers, negative numbers and zero. It can be
written as p/q, where q is not equal to zero.
10. Irrational Numbers: The numbers which are not rational numbers are
called irrational numbers.
BODMAS Rule
B Brackets ( ), { }, [ ]
O Order of Square roots, indices, exponents and powers
D Division ÷, /
M Multiplication ×, *
A Addition +
S Subtraction –
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Divisibility Rule
• The divisibility rule is a shortcut to analyze whether an integer is completely
divisible by a number without actually doing the factorization.
• The divisibility rules worksheet is as follows:
Divisibility by number Divisibility rule
Divisibility by 2 The last digit should be even.
Divisibility by 3 The sum of the digits should be divisible by 3.
Divisibility by 4 The last two digits should be divisible by 4.
Divisibility by 5 The last digit should either be 0 or 5.
Divisibility by 6 The number should be divisible by both 2 and 3.
The double of the last digit, when subtracted by
the rest of the number, the difference obtained
should be divisible by 7.
Divisibility by 7
Divisibility by 8 The last three digits should be divisible by 8.
Divisibility by 9 The sum of the digits should be divisible by 9.
Divisibility by 10 The last digit should be 0.
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The difference of the alternating sum of digits
should be divisible by 11.
Divisibility by 11
Divisibility by 12 The number should be divisible by both 3 and 4.
The four times of the last digit, when added to
the rest of the number, the result obtained
should be divisible by 13.
Divisibility by 13
The five times of the last digit, when subtracted by
the rest of the number, the difference obtained
Divisibility by 17
Divisibility by number Divisibility rule
should be divisible by 17.
The double of the last digit, when added to the
rest of the number, the result obtained should
be divisible by 19.
Divisibility by 19
QUESTIONS:
1. 8597 - ? = 7429 – 4358
2. What least number must be added to 3000 to obtain a number exactly
divisible by 19?
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3. What least number must be subtracted from 2000 to get a number
exactly divisible by 17?
4. If the sum of the three consecutive integers is 21, then the sum of the
two smaller integers is:
5. Which one of the following is not a prime number?
A.31
B.61
C.71
D.91
6. What is the sum of smallest and highest number formed from the
digits 6,1,4,2 and 5? a. 52956
b. 52965
c. 77877
d. 77868
7. The sum of first five prime numbers is:
A.11
B.18
C.26
D.28
8. If the number 517*324 is completely divisible by 3, then the smallest
whole number in the place of * will be:
A.0
B.1
C. 2
D. None of these
9. Which one of the following numbers is exactly divisible by 11
A.235641
B.245642
C.315624
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D.415624
10. The difference between the place value and the face value of 7 in the
numeral 32675149 is
A.75142
B.64851
C.5149
D.69993
E. .None of these
11. Simplify the expression: 18 – [6 – {4 - (8 – 6 + 3 )}]
12. Solve: 10 + 10 × 10 ÷ 10.
13. Solve: 8 + 8 of 8 ÷ 8 - 34/5
14. Evaluate: [{(125×33÷11+ 2)×34}÷493]×1/2.
15. Evaluate: [(18 – 6) ÷ 4] + [72 – 12 ÷ 3 of 2].
16. Evaluate: [15% of 150] + 23 ÷ 115.
17. Evaluate: 45 + 34 ÷ 2 × 82 ÷ 16 × (– 3).
18. Evaluate: {15 × 32 ÷ 2 × 5} ÷ 75.
19. If the number 653 xy is divisible by 90, then (x +y) = ?
20. 387 x 999 = ?
21. 8436 x 9999 = ?
22. 63 x 11 = ?
23. 326 x 11= ?
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